• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.287-297
• /
• 2006

The Holographic Particle Velocimetry system can be a promising optical tool for the measurements of three dimensional particle velocities. One of inherent limitations of particle holography is the very long depth of field of particle images, which causes considerable difficulty in the determination of particle positions in the optical axis. In this study, we introduced three auto-focusing parameters corresponding to the size of particles, namely, Correlation Coefficient, Sharpness Index, and Depth Intensity to determine the focal plane of a particle along the optical axis. To investigate the suitability of the above parameters, the plane image of dot array screens containing different size of dots was recorded by diffused illumination holography and the positions of each dot in the optical axis were evaluated. In addition, the effect of particle position from the holographic film was examined by changing the distance of the screen from the holographic film. All measurement results verified that the evaluated positions using suggested auto-focusing parameters remain within acceptable range of errors. These research results may provide fundamental information for the development of the holographic velocimetry system based on the automatic image processing.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2009

Suspension of a single solid particle in a channel flow with a constant pressure gradient is studied numerically. The interaction of a circular particle with a surrounding Newtonian fluid is formulated using a combined formulation. Numerical results are presented using two dimensionless variables: the sedimentation Reynolds number and the generalized Froude number. From the present results, it has been shown that a solid particle is suspended at a smaller generalized Froude number as the viscosity of the surrounding fluid increases. The time taken for equilibrium position is found to be smaller as fluid viscosity increases when both : the sedimentation Reynolds number and the generalized Froude number are the same while, at the same situation, the dimensionless time taken for equilibrium position is to be nearly the same regardless of fluid viscosity when a dimensionless time variable is introduced

• 전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2013

GPS가 가지는 특징과 비선형, 비가우시안의 시스템에서도 강인한 특성을 지닌 파티클 필터(PF, Particle Filter)를 이용하여 위치 추정 성능을 향상시키는 방법에 대해 제안한다. 그리고 제안한 알고리즘으로 보정한 GPS 데이터와 관성센서를 저가형 시스템에 적합한 약결합 방식을 이용하여 결합하였으며 정확도 향상을 위해 자세에 관한 칼만필터를 추가시켜 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템의 성능확인을 위해 NovAtel사의 고정밀 GPS와 비교 분석하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.507-510
• /
• 2002

An algorithm of 3-D particle image velocimetry(3D-PIV) was developed for the measurement of 3-D velocity Held of complex flows. The measurement system consists of two or three CCD camera and one RGB image grabber. Flows size is $1500{\times}100{\times}180(mm)$, particle is Nylon12(1mm) and illuminator is Hollogen type lamp(100w). The stereo photogrammetry is adopted for the three dimensional geometrical mesurement of tracer particle. For the stereo-pair matching, the camera parameters should be decide in advance by a camera calibration. Camera parameter calculation equation is collinearity equation. In order to calculate the particle 3-D position based on the stereo photograrnrnetry, the eleven parameters of each camera should be obtained by the calibration of the camera. Epipolar line is used for stereo pair matching. The 3-D position of particle is calculated from the three camera parameters, centers of projection of the three cameras, and photographic coordinates of a particle, which is based on the collinear condition. To find velocity vector used 3-D position data of the first frame and the second frame. To extract error vector applied continuity equation. This study developed of various 3D-PIV animation technique.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2022

In this paper, a dual foot (DF)-PDR system is proposed for the fusion of integration (IA)-based PDR systems independently applied on both shoes. The horizontal positions of the two shoes estimated from each PDR system are fused based on a particle filter. The proposed method bounds the position error even if the walking time increases without an additional sensor. The distribution of particles is a non-Gaussian distribution to express the lateral error due to systematic drift. Assuming that the shoe position is the pedestrian position, the multi-modal position distribution can be fused into one using the Gaussian sum. The fused pedestrian position is used as a measurement of each particle filter so that the position error is corrected. As a result, experimental results show that position of pedestrians can be effectively estimated by using only the inertial sensors attached to both shoes.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2005

The Holographic Particle Velocimetry system can be a promising optical tool for the measurements of three dimensional particle velocities. In this study, diffused illumination holographic system to measure the sizes and 3D velocities of moving particles based on automatic image processing was developed. First of all basic optical systems for pulse laser recording, continuous laser reconstruction, and image acquisition, were constructed. To determine the position of particles in the optical axis, new three auto-focusing parameters(AEP), namely, Correlation Coefficient, Sharpness Index, and Depth Intensity were introduced and verified. The developed system was applied to spray droplets to validate the capability of the system. Three dimensional positions of particles viewed from two sides were decided using AFP and then 3D velocities of Particles were extracted by particle tracking algorithm. Comparison of measurement results of sizes and 3D velocities of particles with those obtained by laser instrument, PDPA, showed good consistency of the developed holographic system.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.242-250
• /
• 1989

The performance of a vertical type centrifugal distributor of granular materials was studied by means of mathematical models and experimental investigations. To develop the mathematical description of particle motion, some assumptions were made. The distribution process consisted of three stages: the entrance of a particle to the blade, the motion of the particle on the blade, and the motion of the particle in the air. The physical properties of fertilizer, which affected the particle motion, were investigated: bluk density, coefficient of friction, coefficient of restitution, and particle size distribution. The particle motion were simulated by using a computer. A prototype distributor was designed and constructed for experimental tests. The following conclusions were drawn from the computer simulation and experiment results. 1. The fertilizer may slide or roll at the point of contact when they impact on the blade and move along the blade. 2. The interaction among fertilizers may prevent them from bouncing. 3. When fertilizers roll on the blade, rolling resistance is one of the factors affecting the particle's motion. 4. The trajectory angle and position of fertilizers from a disc depend on the blade position and particle shape, but the rotating speed of the disc affected them only slightly.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제19권8호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2020

A stable rotational-to-linear motion transformation structure using a driving mechanism with 2 degrees of freedom was developed for an orthogonal mechanism to prevent the interference of each axis in 2D motion. In this mechanism, a step motor was used for precise position control. This structure was developed to maneuver workparts in micro particle blast machining experiments. To determine the real-time performance of micro particle blast machining, the control, input, and output were operated simultaneously and precise position control was implemented, using a timer interrupt with multiple execution codes. The two step motors obtained precise position control by removing backlash with a ball-screw mechanism. The device has menu-type control codes for user-friendliness, and real-time sequence control was simultaneously adopted for user control input.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2019

본 논문에서는 많은 개체와의 충돌 검사를 요구하는 입자 기반 시스템에서 부채꼴 영역의 동적인 변화를 이용하여 효율적으로 충돌 검사를 가속화시킬 수 있는 프레임워크를 제안한다. 입자와 부채꼴 기반의 충돌 영역은 다음 세 가지 조건에 의해 결정된다: 1) 인접 입자의 반경 내에 부채꼴의 위치가 존재하는 경우, 2) 부채꼴 영역 내에 인접 입자의 위치가 존재하는 경우, 3) 부채꼴 영역을 형성하는 두 벡터 사이에 인접 입자가 존재하는 경우. 결과적으로 위 조건들을 모두 만족했을 때 입자와 부채꼴 영역은 충돌되었다고 정의한다. 본 논문에서는 입자의 움직임에 따라 충돌 검사 범위인 부채꼴의 영역을 자동으로 업데이트 한다. 부채꼴 영역의 동적인 변화를 계산하기 위해 입자의 위치와 속도를 기반으로 부채꼴의 방향, 길이, 각도를 조절한다. 최종적으로 계산된 부채꼴 영역 내에 있는 입자들만을 이용하여 충돌 검사를 빠르게 수행한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 가속화 방법은 트리와 같은 자료구조를 명시적으로 만들지 않고, 닫힌 형태 방정식으로 실행되기 때문에 간단하게 구현되며 모든 결과에서 충돌 검사 성능이 개선되었다.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가시화정보학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 2006

An experimental study has been conducted to quantitatively characterize the motion of neutrally buoyant particles in 2-dimensional Poiseuille flow through the micron-sized circular capillaries in the range of Re (Reynolds number) $\approx0.1\sim100$. $A{\mu}-PTV$ (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) system is adopted, which consists of a double-headed Nd:YAG laser, an epi-fluorescence microscope and a cooled CCD camera. Since high shear rate can be induced due to the scale effect even at low Re, it is shown that in micro scale neutrally buoyant particles in Poiseuille flow drift away from the wall and away from the center of the capillary. Consequently, particles accumulate at the equilibrium position of $0.52\sim0.64R$ with R being the radius of the capillary, which is analogous to that of tube flow in macro scale. There is a plateau in equilibrium position at small Re, while equilibrium position starts increasing at $Re\approx30$. The outermost edge of particle cluster is closer to the center of the capillary than that in previous studies due to low Re effect. The present study quantitatively presents characteristics of particle motion in circular capillaries. Furthermore, it is expected to give optimum factors for designing microfluidic systems that are to be used fur plasma separation from the blood.