• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.281-291
• /
• 1993

A time-dependent primitive two0dimensional calculation is conducted to investigate the variations of Vol. transport onto the Yellow Sea and the Korea Strait with real bathymetries and to tract the Lagrangian movement of water particles. A series of experiment of the barotropic Kuroshio intrusions shows that the eddy induced branching of Kuroshio has sufficient intensity as to modify the continental shelf circulation. This intrusion seems to be one of the important forcing terms such as winds. tides and buoyancy that can also affect the dynamics in the region of the continental shelf. Transport variations across the shelfbreak due to the branching of Kuroshio which come particularly from the southwest of the Kyushu Island, have a strong relationship with the transport variations across the Korea Strait and in the southern area of the Yellow sea. The particle trajectories of the model results are well agreed with the trajectories of satellite tracking drifters obtained by one of the WOCE/TOGA program except the longer travel time period in the present model.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2003

In this paper, electrical properties of nanostructured carbon blacks (CB)-filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were investigated as a function of temperature, which were prepared by the conventional melt-mixing method. The composites were irradiated with electron beam in a dosage of 30∼150 kGy to enhance an electronical reproducibility and to reduce a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) phenomenon. And, gel contents (%) of irradiated CB/HDPE composites were estimated by solvent extraction method. From the experimental results. the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) intensity of the composites was strongly depended on the CB content and particle size. And, the increase of gel contents (%) and disappearance of NTC behavior of the composites were identified at a dosage of 60 kGy. It was also found that the electron beam irradiation made an improvement of electrical reproducibility of the composites. This result was probably due to the reduction of the freedom of CB movement at above the melting temperature of the polymer crystalline, resulting in increasing the crosslinking structure of the composites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.219-222
• /
• 2011

There are number of methods that track the movement of an object or the change of state, such as Kalman filter, particle filter, dynamic clustering, and so on. Amongst these method, dynamic clustering method is an useful way to track cluster across multiple data frames and analyze their trend. In this paper we suggest the similarity-based dynamic clustering method, and verifies it's performance by simulation. Proposed dynamic clustering method is how to determine the same clusters for each continuative frame. The same clusters have similar characteristics across adjacent frames. The change pattern of cluster's characteristics in each time frame is throughly studied. Clusters in each time frames are matched against each others to see their similarity. Mamdani fuzzy model is used to determine similarity based matching algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied to radar reflectivity data over time domain. We were able to observe time dependent characteristic of the clusters.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.493-502
• /
• 2021

A Vegetative Propagation by Runner(VPR) Algorithm-based on MPPT Algorithm that can track MPP by adapting to external environmental changes is presented. VPR is an optimization algorithm that mimics the plant ecology of movement and reproduction based on vegetation organs. The VPR algorithm includes a procedure for aging and a procedure for searching the surroundings by rhizomes. Accordingly, it is possible to continuously search around the optimal point. Therefore, the VPR-based MPPT algorithm can continuously search for an optimal point by adapting the changes in the external environment in the process of executing the MPPT algorithm. In this paper, we analyzed the performance of the VPR-based MPPT algorithm by a number of simulations. In addition, the superiority of performance was compared by performance comparison in the same environment as MPPT algorithm based on PSO.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.217-231
• /
• 2024

The Korea Integrated Model (KIM)-based real-time volcanic ash dispersion prediction system, which employs the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, has been developed to quantitatively predict volcanic ash dispersion in East Asia and the Northwest Pacific airspace. This system, known as KIM-HYSPLIT, automatically generates forecasts for the vertical and horizontal spread of volcanic ash up to 72 hours. These forecasts are initiated upon the receipt of a Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA) from the Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center by the server at the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). This system equips KMA forecasters with diverse volcanic ash prediction information, complemented by the Unified Model (UM)-based HYSPLIT (UM-HYSPLIT) system. Extensive experiments have been conducted using KIM-HYSPLIT across 128 different volcanic scenarios, along with qualitative comparisons with UM-HYSPLIT. The results indicate that the ash direction predictions from KIM-HYSPLIT are consistent with those from UM-HYSPLIT. However, there are slight differences in the horizontal extent and movement speed of the volcanic ash. Additionally, quantitative verifications of the KIM-HYSPLIT forecasts have been performed, including threat score evaluations, based on recent eruption cases. On average, the KIMHYSPLIT forecasts for 6 and 12 hours show better quantitative alignment with the VAA forecasts compared to UM-HYSPLIT. Nevertheless, both models tend to predict a broader horizontal spread of the ash cloud than indicated in the VAA forecasts, particularly noticeable in the 6-hour forecast period.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.293-303
• /
• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the direction or orientation of clay particle movement in argillic horizons (Bt) for clarifying the soil classification of soils. Soil samples were collected from 22 soil series containing Bt horizons. Physical and chemical characteristics and mineral and chemical compositions of clay in the soils were analyzed. Micoromorphological characteristics of the Bt horizons were also investigated with thin sections of the natural undisturbed and oriented soil samples. Average clay content in the Bt horizons was 28% and 1.33 times higher comparing to that in the surface layer. Soil pH was higher, but cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter content were lower in Bt horizon than those in the surface layer. There was an evidence of clay accumulation in Bt horizons of all soil series examined except Bangog series. Although there was an increase of clay content in the horizons in Bangog series, the clay was not originated from illuviation process. The translocation of clay was in the order of an 2:1 expandable clay minerals > 2:1 non-expandable clay minerals > 1:1 clay minerals. The illuvial substances in argillic horizon were composed with clay, amorphous iron and opaque mineral. The micoromorphological features of Bt horizon were void coating, channel infilling and grain coating. There was an apparent boundary between clay coating and the groundmass in residuum and colluvium, but Bt horizon of alluvium was composed of a skew plane amputated by the physical operation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.475-489
• /
• 2010

In order to verify the enhancement of ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) during springtime in East Asia, we investigated weather conditions and data from remote sensors, air quality models, and air quality monitors. These include the geopotential height archived from the final (FNL) meteorological field, the potential vorticity and the wind velocity simulated by the Meteorological Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5), the back trajectory estimated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the total column amount of ozone and the aerosol index retrieved from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), the total column density of CO retrieved from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), and the concentration of ozone and CO simulated by the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART). In particular, the total column density of CO, which mightoriginate from the combustion of fossil fuels and the burning of biomass in China, increased in East Asia during spring 2000. In addition, the enhancement of total column amounts of ozone and CO appeared to be associated with both the upper cut-off low near 500 hPa and the frontogenesis of a surface cyclone during a weak Asian dust event. At the same time, high concentrations of ozone and CO on the Earth's surface were shown at the Seoul air quality monitoring site, located at the surface frontogenesis in Korea. It was clear that the ozone was invaded by the downward stretched vortex anomalies, which included the ozone-rich airflow, during movement and development of the cut-off low, and then there was the catalytic photochemical reaction of ozone precursors on the Earth's surface during the day. In addition, air pollutants such as CO and aerosol were tracked along both the cyclone vortex and the strong westerly as shown at the back trajectory in Seoul and Busan, respectively. Consequently, the maxima of ozone and CO between the two areas showed up differently because of the time lag between those gases, including their catalytic photochemical reactions together with the invasion from the upper troposphere, as well as the path of their transport from China during the weak Asian dust event.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.52 no.12
• /
• pp.1047-1055
• /
• 2019

Various types of numerical modeling techniques are used to predict the behavior of pollutants under various water environmental conditions in the event of a water pollutant accident. Among them, a hydraulic model that can consider water flow characteristics is the most basic and very important. The process of evaluating whether the hydraulic model accurately predicts the applied river characteristics is very important. In the verification of the modeling result, the measuring data are often used in the river. Currently, ADCP and FlowTrackers are widely used to measure the flow velocity of rivers. However, ADCP is not accurate when the depth is less than 0.6 m and also when the ratio of irreversibility near the surface is more than 40%. Futhermore, FlowTracker has a limitation in measuring at high depth and high velocity due to the direct measurement method in rivers. Simuation results, which are validated by these methods, are not reliable for low depth conditions of low flowrate and high velocity conditions of high flowrate. In this study, Lagrangian GPS floaters which measures physical quantity of water according to particle movement is used without the conventional method measured by Eulerian technique. The verification method of the model results was studied by comparing the simulation results of the hydraulic model with the velocities measured using the GPS floaters. When comparing the traveling distance of the GPS floaters with the traveling distance of the LPT simulations, the average error rate was 13.6% on distances, and the average error rate was 3.2% on velocities except for the stagnant section. Therefore, GPS floaters can be used for a correction and verification method of hydraulic model simulations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2020

When domestic sewage and rainwater runoff are discharged into a single sewer pipe, it is called a "combined sewer system." The sewage design standards in Korea specify the flow velocity based only on the volume of rainfall; therefore, sedimentation occurs on non-rainy days owing to the reduced flow rate and velocity. This sedimentation reduces the discharge capacity, causes unpleasant odors, and exacerbates the problem of combined sewer overflow concentration. To address this problem, the amount of sewage on non-rainy days, not just the volume of rainfall, should also be considered. There are various theories on sedimentation in sewer movement. This study introduces a self-cleansing velocity based on tractive force theory. By applying a self-cleansing velocity equivalent to the critical shear stress of a sand particle, sedimentation can be reduced on non-rainy days. The amount of sewage changes according to the water use pattern of citizens. The design hourly maximum wastewater flow was considered as a representative value, and the velocity of this flow should be more than the self-cleansing velocity. This design method requires a steeper gradient than existing design criteria. Therefore, the existing sewer pipelines need to be improved and repaired accordingly. In this study, five types of improvement and repair methods that can maximize the use of existing pipelines and minimize the depth of excavation are proposed. The key technologies utilized are trenchless sewer rehabilitation and complex cross-section pipes. Trenchless sewer rehabilitation is a popular sewage repair method. However, it is complex because the cross-section pipes do not have a universal design and require continuous research and development. In an old metropolis with a combined sewer system, it is difficult to carry out excavation work; hence, the methods presented in this study may be useful in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2014

A series of trapdoor model tests was systematically performed in order to investigate soil arching. The mobilized soil arching was clearly observed by change of the vertical earth pressure loaded on trapdoor of soil container box. A slow decent of the loading plate at the trapdoor results in loosening zone over the trapdoor and the stress in this loosening zone was transferred to the stationary zone in the vicinity of the trapdoor. In particular, it was observed that the vertical earth pressure rapidly decreased in the loosening zone and increased in the stationary zone at the trapdoor. Both the maximum decreasing rate of the vertical earth pressure in the loosening zone and the increasing rate of the vertical earth pressure in the stationary zone were not influenced by the ground density, but affected by the size of the trapdoor. The loosening zone could be defined by the elliptical configuration, in which the major axis was twice as long as the height of the loosening zone at the center of trapdoor and the minor axis was the same as the width of trapdoor. The height of loosening zone at the center of trapdoor was one and a half times as long as the width of trapdoor loading plate.