• 과학기술학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.99-147
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• 2016

이 논문에서는 과학기술학에서 공중의 과학기술 관여가 논의되어온 방식이 갖는 유용성과 한계를 정당화와 실질적 수용의 측면에서 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 우선 과학기술 전문가의 지식 체계가 포함하는 불확실성과 비전문가의 일반인 지식에 관한 STS의 통찰이 왜 그동안 참여적 거버넌스의 양적, 질적 확산으로 충분히 이어지지 못했는지의 문제를 이론적, 실질적 층위에서 논의하였다. 이어서 어떤 전문성이 참여적 거버넌스의 구성과 지속을 지지할 수 있는 것인가에 대한 답을 찾기 위한 예비적인 시도로서 한 사례-제주도 풍력 발전시설 개발과 제도 정비 과정에서 나타난 비전문가의 활동-에 주목하였다. 논문의 주장은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 참여적 거버넌스를 정당화할 수 있는 근거는 시민/비전문가라는 사회 집단이 갖는 어떤 본질적 특성에서 도출할 수 없다. 둘째, 참여의 정당한 조건으로 수용될 수 있는 전문성의 형식과 내용은 사실 진술과 가치 판단의 경계를 재구성하는 수행의 결과로서 사후적으로 부여된다. 셋째, 제주도 풍력자원 공유화 과정에서 복잡한 사회-기술 체제의 실질적 재구성에 기여했던 것은 새롭게 유통될 수 있는 사물-사람의 관계를 만드는 '연계적 전문성'이었다. 넷째, 시민과 전문가의 전문성은 모두 대체가 아닌 보완을 필요로 한다. 궁극적으로 이 논문은 참여적 거버넌스에 대한 STS 논의가 실제로 갈등이 발생하고 결정이 이루어지고 있는 현장에 주목하여, 과거와 현재, 사실과 가치, 과학기술과 사회의 경계를 재구성하는 행위자들의 구체적 수행을 분석하는 작업으로 확장되어야 할 필요성을 강조한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

많은 연구자들이 리더십이 지식관리에 매우 큰 영향을 미친다고 이야기 하고 있으나, 리더십에 초점을 두어 지식관리와의 관계를 논의한 연구는 매우 드물었다. 본 연구에서는 지식관리를 성공적으로 해내고 있다고 평가받는 2개의 지방자치 직원들을 대상으로 면담을 통해, 기관장의 리더십이 지식관리에 어떻게 영향을 주었는지를 밝혀내고자 하는 목적으로 시작되었다. 특히 본 연구에서는 리더십 유형 중 지식관리와 상관관계가 높은 참여적 리더십사례를 통해 리더십이 성공적 지식관리에 어떻게 영향을 주는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구결과 참여적 리더십은 조직구성원들의 조직 내의 의사결정에의 참여기회를 확대하고, 자유로운 의사소통을 활성화하여 조직 내 성공적인 지식관리를 담보한다는 점을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 리더십이 지식관리와 매우 높은 상관관계임을 밝혀냈으며, 향후에는 양적접근방법을 병행하여 리더십 변수와 지식관리와의 상관관계를 경험적으로 검증하는 것 역시 의미 있으리라 본다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.83-104
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• 2008

Objectives: Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a kind of health promotion approach to increase social cohesion and sense of community, which has built the collaborated partnership in all phases. This has the co-ownership of research objectives and knowledges produced by residents, and the outcome was taken to enhance community empowerment. This study performed to embody CBPR, which had regulated collective health status approached by social epidemiology. Methods: Reference review had been exercised focused on CBPR books and papers published since 1990. Our interests were aimed at its paradigm and methodological issues. Particularly, we problematized its feasibility in the social and behavioral foundations of pubic health. Results: According to the review, CBPR shared critical understanding and decision-making related to their community development including health status. Therefore, it was strength-based approach in spite of scientific dichotomy. CBPR created social cohesion and community empowerment with all participants, because it sublated contradiction between subjectivism and objectivism. Conclusions: The success of CBPR needs what we so called trust, democracy, collaboration, devotion, and consensus of equity. Despite these factors, CBPR may be a methodological transition to prepare some intervention of health inequality. This is because it does emphasize a mixture of theory and praxis to manage vulnerable people in community.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2020

The need for communication is emphasized in decision making, design methods and processes for the educational environment that contain new curricula and learning methods. In this study, we tried to find the direction and agenda of learner-centered environment restructuring through the 'user-integrated platform' in which various subjects related to school space environment understand each other's position and overcome the barriers and prejudices of each sector. The project was planned in a 'bottom-up process' method that uncovered the singularities of the previous stage and led the main contents of the next stage. The various subjects who participated in the project shared their own experiences and different positions regarding the school space. At the workshop, the topics of the participating teams were divided into two categories. The teams in the category of the 'school culture and space' insisted innovation of 'the school culture' as a premise for the restructuring of the 'school space', and proposed schools with different interpretations of 'authority and rules of school', 'the meaning of learning and play' and 'the main character of school. The teams in the category of the 'school borders and spaces' focused on 'communication' and proposed schools containing 'emotional care of students', 'borders between schools and villages', 'village community schools', and 'interspace and niche time'. After the workshop, we were able to derive the direction and architectural strategy of the school space restructuring by analyzing the works of the participants. Through this study, we confirmed the possibility of translating user's ideas into the professional domain through careful planning, preparation, facilitation, and analysis in Participatory Design.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2003

With more and more people paying attention to substantial democracy, participatory democracy is presented as a practical strategy and an index of Korean democracy. In this social and political atmosphere, participation in environmental planning and design is essential. Nonetheless, the true meaning of “participation” is not used properly because many people do not understand it correctly, The concept of social and political participation is “the action or attempt of ordinary members of society for affecting on the result of decision making.” Based on this concept, participation is accomplished through conventional means and as a form of mobilization in environmental planning and desist Most of the theories on public participation in landscape architecture are technical theories. Therefore, this paper proposes that planning and design of landscape architecture be understood as a communicative action that aims to enable stakeholders to reach a consensus through communication. This study offers the framework of theory to understand and practice planning and design of landscape architecture as a communicative action, after reviewing communicative action theory and communicative planning theory. Results suggest that communicative action theory should be accepted in landscape architecture to overcome the shortcomings of instrumental rationality -- the same way planning theory accepted this theory --and to join the culture of experts focusing on the artistic truth and the culture of life of the world. In addition, accepting communicative action theory enables the acquisition of the instrumental effect and social learning effect and the making of social capital. This study also suggested prerequisite for using the method. There should be change in the social institution and in individual action. In addition the method is composed of three steps: creating the atmosphere for communication; communicating, and; reaching a consensus among stakeholders. Finally, raising the possibility of applying the theory presented in this study requires the accumulation of know-how through trial and error.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2016

This review paper presents guidelines which stakeholders use in addressing on-farm tree planting configuration, establishment, tending, silvi- cultural management, management of pests and diseases, challenges and opportunities as practiced in the medium to high potential areas of Kenya. The tree planting configurations discussed includes blocks planting (woodlot), boundary, compound planting, home/fruit gardens, trees intercropped or mixed with pasture, trees on riverbanks and roadside. Participatory monitoring and evaluation techniques have been highlighted. The main challenges facing tree planting activities include culture and attitude of local people, land and tree tenure, inadequate technical support, lack of recognition and integration of technical information and indigenous knowledge, capital and labour shortages, lack of appropriate incentives measures, damage by domestic and wild animals, conflict over trees on the boundary and policy and legal issues. This guideline targets forest managers, extension agents, students and other practitioners in policy and day to day decision making processes in Kenya.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2012

본 연구는 Delphi 및 DEMATEL 기법을 활용하여 참여정부의 전시작전통제권(이후 전작권) 전환에 관한 정치 군사적 결정요인을 선정하고, 이들 결정요인간의 영향정도 및 관계를 정량적 정성적으로 분석하는데 있다. AHP를 활용한 기존 연구에서는 전작권 전환 결정요인을 학술자료와 현장실무경험을 바탕으로 선정하여, 요인선정에 대한 보다 객관적인 분석이 요구되었다. 본 연구를 위해 온라인 및 오프라인 환경에서 안보 관련 전문가 집단을 대상으로 일련의 설문을 실시하였다. 분석결과로 참여정부의 전작권 전환 결정요인은 크게 '군사주권의 회복', '평화통일을 위한 여건조성', '우리나라의 국력신장에 따른 국격 제고'로 AHP기법에 의한 기존연구와 대동소이하였으며, 전작권 전환 결정요인간의 영향 및 관계는 '군사주권 회복'과 '평화통일을 위한 여건조성'은 별개 사안으로 상호 연관성이 없고 '군사주권 회복'이라는 진보세력의 정치적 이익이 주된 결정요인이었던 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 Delphi 및 DEMATEL 기법을 적용하여 참여정부의 전작권 전환 결정요인에 대해 정략적 정성적 분석을 실시하였는데 의의가 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

A few years ago, many people proposed that a plaza be added to Seoul City Hall. The proposal, however, did not materialize because of traffic confusion. The June 2002 World Cup cheering in front of Seoul City Hall has prodded the public to reconsider the plaza. Even though the exercise failed to gain support, many democratic procedures, opening a Web page and design competitions, and so on were attempted while the design and management of Seoul City Hall Plaza was being deliberated. In the future, the need for proper communication and democratic procedures in the process of making decisions regarding public spaces is expected to increase because of the strengthening of the requirement of participatory and deliberative democracy. An examination of the nature and extent of the communication that has been carried out in relation to the plan to add a plaza to Seoul City Hall will be very helpful in gathering feedback to guide decision-making in regards to the use of other public spaces. Thus, this study has a three-fold purpose. : (1) to examine the theories that may justify the need for public input in relation to decisions made regarding the use of public spaces, and to propose the criteria to be used for the methods of communication (2) to examine the contents and conflicts of communication in relation to the decision made regarding the design and management of Seoul City Hall Plaza and (3) to examine the potential distortion of that communication by analyzing the communication according to the criteria previously proposed. The study method that is used herein is the analysis of articles about the subject matter, which have been posted on the Seoul City Hall Plaza Website and which have been published in newspapers such as the Chosun ilbo, Donga ilbo, the Jungang ilbo, and the Hankyoreh. Diverse article contents are also discussed. As result, there are many differences in the contents and viewpoints of the newspapers that are included in this study. In addition, the related Internet bulletin board has not been used actively, but has contributed to forming public opinion on this issue. Finally, the public demanded to be given acceptable reasons for the results of the design competition, and for the decision to make the grass plaza, which ignores the chosen design in the newspapers or on the Web page. However, their demand was rejected. The communication therefore became distorted and consequently did not become successful in bringing about its intended result.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2018

이 연구는 스쿼시심판이 경험하는 판정어려움을 Giorgi의 현상학적 분석방법을 통해 심판이 처해 있는 상황과 판정 결정의 어려움에 대한 근원을 규명하고자 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 경력 10년 이상의 스쿼시 전문가 중 2016년 대한스쿼시연맹에 등록되어 있는 2급 이상의 자격을 보유한 심판 5명을 연구 참여자로 선정하였으며, 참여관찰 및 비구조적 반구조적 심층 면담을 병행하여 수집한 자료는 Giorgi의 현상학적 분석방법 4단계에 따라 '개인적 상황에서 오는 어려움', '사회적 상황에서 오는 어려움', '환경적 상황에서 오는 어려움'으로 구성요소로 통합하였다. 스쿼시심판의 판정에 대한 어려움들은 '외화내빈(外華內貧)'의 의미로 함축시킬 수 있으며, 이는 심판들에게 공정하고 객관화된 판정을 기대하기 위해 판정주체자인 심판들의 처우개선과 심판들의 지속화, 전문화의 필요성을 강조하고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2016

This cross-sectional descriptive and qualitative study was aimed to study the people participation and their approaches toward the human carcinogenic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, prevention and control in Ban Chaun sub-district administrative organization (BCSAO) and Bamnet Narong sub-district municipality (BNSM), Bamnet Narong district, Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand between June 2013 and February 2014. Participants were purposive selected, included chiefs of sub-district administrative organizations, sub-district municipalities, sub-district health promotion hospitals (SHPHs), heads of village, and a further sample was selected with a multi-stage random sampling for public health volunteers, and villagers. The pre-designed questionnaire contained items for individualized status and the participatory steps of sharing ideas, decision-making, and planning, procession, evaluation, and mutual benefit, for the project O. viverrini prevention and control (POPC). In-depth interviews were used for collection of need approaches to POPC. With 375 participants who completed the questionnaire, it was found that people had a high level regarding to participate in the POPC, particularly in the process stage ($\bar{X}=3.78$, S.D. = 0.56), but the lowest level was found in sharing ideas, decision making, and planning step ($\bar{X}=3.65$, S.D. = 0.63). By comparison, participant status and organization did not significantly differ with people participation. In each step, Ban Chaun sub-district had a high level of participation in the step of sharing ideas, decision making, and planning toward POPC, more than Bamnet Narong sub-district municipality (t=2.20, p=0.028). Approaches for POPC in Ban Chaun sub-district and Bamnet Narong sub-district municipality included requirements for budget support, annual campaigns for liver fluke prevention and control, campaign promotion, risk group observation, home visiting, community rules regarding reducing raw fish consumption in their communities, and a professional public health officer for working in their communities, BCSAO, BNSM, and SHPH, for O. viverrini prevention and control. This study indicates that people realize that eradication of the liver fluke needs a continuous people participation for O. viverrini prevention and control in their communities.