• 제목/요약/키워드: Partial least square

검색결과 513건 처리시간 0.033초

하수처리장의 고도처리 upgrading 설계와 공정 최적화를 위한 다변량 통계분석 (Design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrading to Advanced Nutrient Removal Treatment Using Modeling Methodology and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Process Optimization)

  • 김민정;김민한;김용수;유창규
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제48권5호
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    • pp.589-597
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    • 2010
  • 하수처리 시스템에서의 생물학적 영양염류 기준이 강화됨에 따라, 표준활성슬러지공법으로 운전 중인 하수처리장의 고도처리 공법으로의 개보수 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 실제 하수처리 시스템에서의 다양한 유입조건 및 운전조건의 복잡한 반응 구성으로 인해 실험을 통하여 개보수된 고도처리공법의 최적조건을 찾는 것은 쉽지 않은 일이며, 이는 많은 시간과 비용을 소모하여 비효율적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 활성슬러지공정모델(ASMs)을 기반으로 한 하수처리장의 모델링 및 시뮬레이션 기법을 통하여 하수처리장의 고도처리공법으로의 upgrading 설계를 수행하며, 이를 통계적이며 체계적으로 접근하기 위해 반응표면분석법(Response surface method)을 통한 고도처리공법의 설계 최적화를 수행하였다. 또한 실규모 하수처리장에서의 운전 최적화를 위해서는 하수처리의 동력학적 매개변수에 대한 정확한 분석이 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 다변량 통계분석 기법인 부분최소승자법(PLS)을 통하여 하수처리 시스템의 동력학적 매개변수 간의 상관관계를 파악하며, 고도처리공법 하수처리장의 운전 결과에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 매개변수를 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 하수처리장의 고도처리공법 upgrading 설계 및 운전 최적화를 위한 방법론을 제시하였으며, 이를 통하여 설계시간 및 경비 절감 등 고도처리공법으로의 고효율적인 개보수가 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

Relationship of the Big Five Personality Traits and Risk Aversion with Investment Intention of Individual Investors

  • SARWAR, Danish;SARWAR, Bilal;RAZ, Muhammad Asif;KHAN, Hadi Hassan;MUHAMMAD, Noor;AZHAR, Usman;ZAMAN, Nadeem uz;KASI, Mumraiz Khan
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제7권12호
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    • pp.819-829
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    • 2020
  • This empirical research is aimed at testing the relationship of the big five personality traits namely openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and risk aversion with the investment intention of individual investors belonging to Balochistan, Pakistan. The primary data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire (a structured form that consists of a series of closed-ended and open-ended questions) from a sample of 397 active individual investors belonging to different districts of the province. The data is empirically analyzed by applying the Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling technique by using the estimation package available in Smart-PLS. The findings of this study suggest that all the variables are statistically significant with investors' investment intention with risk aversion as the strongest predictor. Moreover, openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, and risk are significantly and positively related to an investor's investment intention, whereas neuroticism is negatively related to an investor's investment intention. The results extended by this study can be used by financial planners and investment bankers to channelize the available financial resources in diversified portfolios. The results will help financial planners to make available diverse investment alternatives for investors in Balochistan, thus catering to their unique needs. Academia must offer courses on contemporary finance paradigm based on behavioral finance to enable future business graduates to make wise financial decisions.

1차 협력사의 구매자 및 공급자와의 전략적·운영적 통합이 생산의 유연성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Strategic and Operational Integration of 1st supplier's buyer and supplier on Production Flexibility)

  • 김종훈;이태희
    • 통상정보연구
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.285-310
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 복잡한 공급사슬에서 1차 협력사의 공급사슬통합에 초점을 두고 있다. 즉, 1차 협력사와 공급기업(2차 협력사)과의 전략적 운영적 통합 그리고 1차 협력사와 구매기업(완제품업체)의 전략적 운영적 통합이 1차 협력사의 운영성과(유연성)에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 규명하고 있다. 이를 위해, 1차 협력사에 해당하는 284개 기업을 대상으로 구조방정식(PLS)을 이용하여 신뢰성, 타당성 및 경로를 검정하였다. 분석결과 1차 협력사와 이해당사자들(완제품업체와 2차 협력사)의 운영적 통합은 생산 프로세스 유연성에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 한편, 1차 협력사와 완제품업체와의 전략적 통합은 생산 유연성에 정의 영향을 미쳤지만, 1차 협력사와 2차 협력사와의 전략적 통합은 생산 유연성에 부정적 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 1차 협력사의 생산 프로세스 유연성은 자사의 생산 유연성에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 시사점은 공급사슬통합의 수준과 범위 그리고 기업 성과에 직 간접적인 영향을 세분화하여 규명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

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초분광 영상을 이용한 수박 묘의 수분함량 추정 (Estimation of Moisture Content in Watermelon Seedlings Using Htperspectral Imagery)

  • 전새롬;유찬석;강정균;강예성;김성헌;김원준;타파스쿠마 사르카;강동현
    • 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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    • pp.41-41
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 초분광 영상을 이용하여 수박 모종의 수분함량을 비파괴적으로 추정하기 위해 수행되었다. 단계적으로 수분 스트레스를 받은 수박(n=45) 모종을 초분광 영상시스템으로 촬영하여 모종 영역의 반사율을 추출하였고, 매 촬영 후 모종의 생체중과 건물중을 측정하여 수분함량을 계산하였다. 모종의 반사율과 계측된 수분함량을 변수로 하여 Partial Least Square Regression(PLSR) 분석을 이용하여 수분 추정 모델을 구축하였다. 수분 추정모델을 작성한 결과 Calibration(Cal.)의 정확도($R^2$)는 0.66, 정밀도(RMSE 및 RE)는 각각 1.06%, 1.14%로 나타났다. 수박 모종의 수분함량 추정모델의 정밀도는 상당히 높게 나타났으나 정확도는 낮게 나타났다. 정확도를 개선하기 위해 Confidence ellipses의 신뢰구간을 95%로 설정하였을 때 3개의 모종이 타원 밖에 위치하는 것을 발견하였으며 이를 제거 후 재분석을 하였다. 3개의 모종을 제외한 수박 모종의 수분함량 추정모델의 정확도는 0.82, 정밀도는 0.73%, 0.78%로 나타났다. 3개의 모종을 제외함으로서 모델의 정확도 및 정밀도가 상승하여 3개의 모종이 정확도 및 정밀도를 낮추는 원인이라 판단된다. 작물은 가뭄스트레스를 받을수록 반사율이 낮아지지만(Yang et al., 2010) 3개의 모종은 다른 모종의 수분함량에 비해 반사율이 큰 차이를 나타내어 정확도 및 정밀도를 낮춘 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 초분광 영상을 이용하여 수박 모종의 수분함량 추정가능성을 시사하였고, 모델의 정확도를 개선하기 위해 샘플 수 및 수분함량의 변이를 증가시키는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

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전자코-Mass spectrometry를 이용한 들기름이 혼합된 참기름의 판별 분석 (Authentication of Sesame Oil with Addition of Perilla Oil Using Electronic Nose Based on Mass Spectrometry)

  • 손희진;강진희;홍은정;임채란;최진영;노봉수
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.609-614
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    • 2009
  • 참기름은 높은 항산화활성 및 항암작용 등의 우수한 영양학적 가치를 지니는 반면 비싼 가격으로 인하여 가짜 참기름의 유통이 범람함에 따라 이를 판별할 수 있는 분석 방법의 확립이 요구되는 실정이다. 질량분석기를 바탕으로 한 전자코를 이용하여 들기름이 혼합된 참기름을 제조하여 진위 판별을 시도하였다. 각각의 유지를 전자코를 이용하여 분석, 통계처리하였다. 혼합 참기름의 휘발성 향기성분으로부터 생성되는 ion fragment 중 40-160 amu에서 각 시료 간에 차별성이 높은 fragment(m/z)를 선택하여 해당 intensity값을 판별 분석한 결과, 참기름 및 들기름은 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 미량의 들기름이 혼합된 참기름은 첨가된 들기름의 농도에 비례하여 제1판별함수값(DF1)과 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 참기름의 볶음온도 및 시간 등의 제조조건 및 재배환경, 재배 산지, 제조회사 등의 요인에 의하여 순수한 참기름의 향기패턴이 달라지는 것을 인도산과 국산 참기름을 이용하여 분석하였다. 향후 참기름의 위조 여부를 검증하는 방법에 하나로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

근적외선분광법을 이용한 이탈리안 라이그라스, 페레니얼 라이그라스,톨 페스큐 종자의 초종 판별 (Discrimination of Pasture Spices for Italian Ryegrass, Perennial Ryegrass and Tall Fescue Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy)

  • 박형수;최기춘;김지혜;소민정;이기원;이상훈
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 근적외선분광법을 이용하여 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 목초류 중 외형적 특성이 유사한 이탈리안 라이그라스, 페레니얼 라이그라스와 톨 페스큐 종자의 초종판별 가능성을 검토하고자 수행되었다. 근적외선분광기를 이용하여 목초류 종자를 가시파장 대역대(680~1,099 nm), NIRS 파장 대역대(1,100-2,500 nm) 및 NIRS 전체 파장 대역대(680-2,500 nm)로 구분하여 스펙트라를 얻은 후 1차 미분과 8 nm gap으로 수 처리를 수행하였으며 부분최소자승(PLS) 회귀분석법을 통해 초종판별 검량식을 개발하고 판별 정확성을 검증하였다. 목초류의 초종판별 정확성은 가시파장대역에서 SECV 1.732, $R^2cv$ 0.96으로 가장 판별 정확성이 낮았으며 NIRS 전체 파장대역에서 SECV 1.182, $R^2cv$ 0.98로 가장 높은 판별 정확성을 나타내었다. 파장대역별 예측 정확성은 NIR 파장대역(1,100-2,500 nm)에서 교차검증오차(SECV) 1.319에서 예측 오차(SEP) 1.288로 낮아졌으며 가시영역대(680~1,099)는 SECV 1.732에서 SEP 1.749로 약간 높아졌다. Discrimination equation 분석법에 의한 NIRS 전체 파장대역별 목초류 초종의 판별 결과는 초종간에 판별 정확성의 차이가 크게 나타났으며 이탈리안 라이그라스의 'Hits'는 68%로 가장 낮았으며 페레니얼 라이그라스가 78%의 정확성으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 NIRS를 이용한 목초류 초종의 판별분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

Determination of Nitrogen Content in Rice Tissue Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

  • Song, Young-Ju;Cho, Seung-Hyun;Nam-Ki, O.H.;Park, Yeong-Geun
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1262-1262
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    • 2001
  • The rice plant is one of the important staple crops in Korea. The high yield with low cost in rice is required the soil fertility and the development of new precise method of fertilizer application by nutritional diagnosis. Now, in Korea, the nitrogen application system for the rice plant is composed of the basal fertilization, fertilization at tillering stage and fertilization at panicle stage, which the nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage amount to about 30 percent in the total amount. Thus, this experiment carried out to the development of the system that can measure the nitrogen content in the rice plant at panicle stage rapidly with the near infrared spectroscopy, and to predict the appropriate quantity of the nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage based on calibration model for test of nitrogen content in rice plant. The samples were collected from 48 varieties in 4 regions which are mainly cultivated in the southern part of Korea. And then, it collected by classifying into the leaf, the whole plant and the stem since 7 days before the nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage. The ranges of the nitrogen contents were 1.6∼4.0%, 1.7∼3.0% and 1.4∼2.7% in the leaf, the whole plant and the stem, respectively. In the calibration models created by each part of the plant under the Multiple Linear Regression(MLR) method, the calibration model for the leaf recorded the relatively high accuracy. The mutual crossing test on unknown samples were carried out using Partial Least Square(PLS) calibration model. That is, the nitrogen content in the stem was tested by calibration model made by the leaf model and that of stem was tested by calibration model made by whole plant sample. When unknown leaf sample was tested by calibration model made by all sample that collected from each part in rice plant such as leaf, stem and whole plant, it recorded the highest accuracy. As a result, to test the nitrogen content in the rice plant at panicle stage, the nitrogen content in the leaf shall be tested by the calibration model composed of the leaf, the stem and the whole plant. In future, to estimated the amount of nitrogen fertilization at panicle stage for rice plant , it will be calculated based on regression model between rice yield and nitrogen content of leaf measured by calibration model made by mixed sample including leaf, stem and whole plant.

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Measurement of Quality Parameters of Honey by Reflectance Spectra

  • Park, Chang-Hyun;Yang, Won-Jun;Sohn, Jae-Hyung;Kim, Jong-Hoon
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1530-1530
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    • 2001
  • The objectives of this study were to develop models to predict quality parameters of Korean bee-honeys by visible and NIR spectroscopic technique. Two kinds of bee-honey fronl acacia and polyflower sources were tested in this study. The honeys were harvested in the spring of 2000 and stored in the storage facility at 20$^{\circ}C$ during experiments. Total of 394 samples of honey were analyzed. Reflectance spectra, moisture contents, ash, invert sugar, sucrose, F/G (fructose/glucose) ratio, HMF (hydroxymethyl furfural), and C12/C13 ratio of honeys were measured. The average values for the tested honeys were 19.9% of moisture contents, 0.12% of ash, 68.4% of invert sugar, 5.7% of sucrose, 1.27 of F/G(fructose/glucose) ratio, 14.4 mg/kg of HMF, and -19.1 of C12/C13 ratio. A spectrophotometer, equipped with a single-beam scanning monochromator (NIR Systems, Model 6500, USA) and a horizontal setup module, was used to collect reflectance data from honey. The reflectance spectra were measured in wavelength ranges of 400∼2,498 nm. with 2 nm of interval. Thirty-two repetitive scans were averaged, transformed to log(1/Reflectance), and then were stored in a microcomputer file, forming one spectrum per measurement. A sample cell and reflectance plate were made to hold honey samples constantly. Spectra of honey samples were divided into a calibration set and a validation set. The calibration set was used during model development, and the validation set was used to predict quality parameters from unknown spectra. The PLS(Partial Least Square) models were developed to predict the quality parameters of honeys. The first and the second derivatives of raw spectra were also used to develop the models with proper smoothing gap. The MSC (multiplicative scatter correction) and the SNV & Dtr.(standard normal variate and detranding) preprocessing were applied to all spectra to minimize sample-to-sample light scatter differences. The PLS models showed good relationships between predicted and measured quality parameters of honeys in the wavelength range of 1100∼2200 nm. However, the PLS analysis was not good enough to predict HMF of honeys.

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NEAR-INFRARED STUDIES ON STRUCTURE-PROPERTIES RELATIONSHIP IN HIGH DENSITY AND LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

  • Sato, Harumi;Simoyama, Masahiko;Kamiya, Taeko;Amari, Trou;Sasic, Slobodan;Ninomiya, Toshio;Siesler, Heinz-W.;Ozaki, Yukihiro
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1281-1281
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    • 2001
  • Near-infrared (NIR) spectra have bean measured for high-density (HDPE), linear low-density (LLDPE), and low-density (LDPE) polyethylene in pellet or thin films. The obtained spectra have been analyzed by conventional spectroscopic analysis methods and chemometrics. By using the second derivative, principal component analysis (PCA), and two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis, we could separate many overlapped bands in the NIR. It was found that the intensities of some bands are sensitive to density and crystallinity of PE. This may be the first time that such bands in the NIR region have ever been discussed. Correlations of such marker bands among the NIR spectra have also been investigated. This sort of investigation is very important not only for further understanding of vibration spectra of various of PE but also for quality control of PE by vibrational spectroscopy. Figure 1 (a) and (b) shows a NIR reflectance spectrum of one of the LLDPE samples and that of PE, respectively. Figure 2 shows a PC weight loadings plot of factor 1 for a score plot of PCA for the 16 kinds of LLDPE and PE based upon their 51 NIR spectra in the 1100-1900 nm region. The PC loadings plot separates the bands due to the $CH_3$ groups and those arising form the $CH_2$ groups, allowing one to make band assignments. The 2D correlation analysis is also powerful in band enhancement, and the band assignments based upon PCA are in good agreement with those by the 2D correlation analysis.(Figure omitted). We have made a calibration model, which predicts the density of LLDPE by use of partial least square (PLS) regression. From the loadings plot of regression coefficients for the model , we suggest that the band at 1542, 1728, and 1764 nm very sensitive to the changes in density and crystalinity.

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DETERMINATION OF SUGARS AND ORGANIC ACIDS IN ORAGE JUICES USING NEAR INFRARED DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

  • Tewari, Jagdish;Mehrotra, Ranajana;Gupta, Alka;Varma, S.P.
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1522-1522
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    • 2001
  • Beverages based on fruit juices are among the most popular commercially available drinks. There is an ever-increasing demand for these juices in the market. Orange juice is one of the most common as well as most favorite flavor. The fruit processing industries have a tremendous responsibility of quality control. For quality evaluation estimation of various components of the juice is necessary. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, citric acid and malic acid are the prime components of orange juice. Little information is available on analysis of orange juice. However, conventional and general wet chemistry procedures are currently being used which are no longer desired by the industry owing to the time involved, labor input and harmful chemicals required for each analysis. Need to replace these techniques with new, highly specific and automated sophisticated techniques viz. HPLC and spectroscopy has been realized since long time. Potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in quantitative analysis of different components of food samples has also been well established. A rapid, non-destructive and accurate technique based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy for determination of sugars and organic acids in orange juice will be highly useful. The current study is an investigation into the potential of Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy for rapid quantitative analysis of sucrose, glucose, fructose citric acid and malic acid in orange juice. All the Near Infrared measurements were peformed on a dispersive NIR spectrophotometer (ELICO 153) in diffuse reflectance mode. The spectral region from 1100 to 2500nm has been explored. The calibration has been performed on synthetic samples that are mixtures of sucrose, glucose, fructose, citric acid and malic acid in different concentration ranges typically encountered real orange juice. These synthetic samples are therefore considered to be representatives of natural juices. All the Near Infrared spectra of synthetic samples were subjected to mathematical analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) algorithm. After the validation, calibration was applied to commercially available real samples and freshly squeezed natural juice samples. The actual concentrations were compared with those predicted from calibration curve. A good correlation is obtained between actual and predicted values as indicated by correlation coefficient ($R^2$) value, which is close to unity, showing the feasibility of the technique.

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