• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.689-699
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• 2013

This paper studies the partial credibility application method by assuming the empirical prior or noninformative prior informations in auto insurnace business where intensive rating segmentation is expanded because of premium competition. Expanding of rating factor segmetation brings the increase of pricing cells, as a result, the number of cells for partial credibility application will increase correspondingly. This study is trying to suggest more accurate estimation method by considering the Bayesian framework. By using empirically well-known or noninformative information, inducing the proper posterior distribution and applying the Bayes estimate which is minimizing the error loss into the credibility method, we will show the advantage of Bayesian inference by comparison with current approaches. The comparison is implemented with square root rule which is a widely accepted method in insurance business. The convergence level towarding to the true risk will be compared among various approaches. This study introduces the alternative way of redcuing the error to the auto insurance business fields in need of various methods because of more segmentations.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze various factors comprising a job satisfaction; determine possible factors that affects job satisfaction. Job satisfaction model is designed to evaluate major factors, such as job stress and strength, and to assess relationship between these factors. Partial least squares algorithm is used to develop a job satisfaction measurement model. To evaluate validity of developed model, survey data of health insurance review and assessment service is to applied.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.39-57
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• 2021

Purpose - This research uses ocean marine insurance (OMI) statistics, international emails, focus-group interviews, and surveys to fill the gap between the theory of behavioral insurance, particularly status quo bias (SQB), and the practice of OMI in Korea. The contractual forms of OMI, the oldest and most globalized form of commercial insurance, were developed in the UK as the Institute Cargo Clauses in 1906 and revised in 1963, 1982, and 2009. SQB has been academically explored, mostly in health insurance and the financial services sector, but never in OMI. Thanks to the availability of OMI statistics in Korea, we can conduct SQB research here for the first time in this field. Design/methodology - We show the existence of SQB in the OMI of Korea through Korean statistics between 2009 and 2018, email correspondence with experts in the UK, Germany, and Japan, focus-group interviews with Korean OMI underwriters, an in-depth interview with one underwriter, and a survey of 15 OMI insureds (company representatives). Findings - We find that Korean foreign traders rely on the old-type OMI contracts developed in 1963, whereas other industrialized countries use the newest type of OMI contract developed in 2009. With a simple loss ratio analysis during 2009-2018, we show that the behavior of insurers has little to do with rational profit maximization and is instead driven by irrational bias, as they forgo the more profitable contracts provided by the new clauses by keeping the old clauses. The consistent addiction to old types of contracts in the OMI market suggests strong SQB among Korean exporters, importers, bankers, or insurers, which we confirmed in our interviews and survey. Originality/value - This research has significant originality and academic value because it reports new findings with crucial implications for the development of efficient trade practices and policy. First, this research is based on actual statistics that have not been used in previous Korean research on OMI. Second, this research shows that all-risk OMI policies provide more value to insureds, in terms of coverage given premium, than partial coverage policies, which differs from arguments previously made in Korea. Third, this research reveals strong SQB in Korea, where foreign trade plays a pivotal role in economic growth. That bias could be attributable to uninformed traders, informed but idle insurers, or conservative bankers. Fourth, to further develop foreign trade, policy initiatives are needed to review the current practices of OMI contracts and move forward with the new contract forms. All of these findings and arguments are both new and important.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2022

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency and duration of adjustments after delivery of complete denture according to age, sex, arch with complete denture, insurance coverage of a denture, type of antagonist, the experience of wearing denture, the period of edentulism, and the type of denture base. Materials and methods. For 5 years, medical records of patients aged 65 or older who had treated full dentures were assessed for the frequency and duration of follow-up visits after complete denture delivery. Statistical analysis was performed at the 5% level of significance to analyze the correlation between the frequency and duration of follow-up according to sex, insurance coverage, arch with the complete denture, type of denture base, type of antagonist, experience of wearing a denture, age, and healing period. Results. 247 complete dentures were included in this study. The median frequency of follow-up visits was 3, and the median duration of follow-up was 36 days. Lower dentures had significantly higher frequency of follow-up visits than upper dentures (P = .036). According to the type of antagonist, dentures opposing a complete denture had a significantly higher frequency of follow-up visits than dentures opposing a removable partial denture (P = .016). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency and duration of adjustments after delivery of complete denture by age, sex, insurance coverage, healing period, the experience of wearing a denture, and type of denture base. Conclusion. Within the limitations of the present study, lower complete dentures or dentures opposing a complete denture had an increased frequency of follow-up visits.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.190-194
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• 2006

This research investigates vehicle structure acceleration and vehicle deformation with RCAR crash test. To investigate vehicle damage characteristics in an individual case, it is possible to RCAR low speed crash test. In this study, two tests were conducted to evaluate difference between RCAR new condition and RCAR old condition. A two large vehicles were subjected to a frontal crash test at a speed of 15km/h with an offset of 40% $10^{\circ}$ angle barrier and flat barrier. The results of the 15km/h with an offset of 40% $10^{\circ}$ angle barrier revealed high acceleration value on the vehicle structure and high repair cost compared to the RCAR 15km/h with an offset of 40% flat barrier. So in order to improve damage characteristics in low speed crash of vehicle structure and body component of the monocoque type passenger vehicles, the end of front side member and front back beam should be designed with optimum level and to supply the end of front side member as a partial condition approx 300mm.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine lifestyle, BMI, BP, and lipids profiles in male subjects and to explore the relationships among variables. Methods: A total of 148 male subjects were recruited from one life insurance company from December 1, 2005 to February 28, 2006. Data collection methods were structured questionnaire, anthropometry and serum analysis. The relationships among lifestyle, BMI, BP, and serum lipid profiles were assessed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and partial Pearson's correlation coefficient of variables after controlling for age, educational level, and economic status. Results: The mean BMI of the participants was relatively high as 25.38(range: 18.38 - 32.83). The differences of serum lipid profiles according to age, educational level, and economic status were significant. 'Use of caffeine and drugs'(r = -.187, p < .05) and 'consciousness of safety'( r= -.200, p < .05) was negatively related to BMI. Higher score of 'type of personality' domain was correlated with lower systolic BP(r = -.221, p < .01) and lower diastolic BP(r = -.195, p < .05) and was positively correlated with HDL(r = .191, p < .05). Conclusion: 'Use of caffeine and drugs', 'consciousness of safety' and 'type of personality' of lifestyle as well as 'dietary habit' and 'exercise' played a key role in circulatory disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.1 s.25
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• pp.162-168
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• 1989

This study was conducted to analyse attitudes to a new health care system in a rural community. The specific purpose of this thesis was to classify attitudes to the patient referral system in Kangwha county, and to identify factors affecting the attitudes. Sampling was done by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from the population. The data were collected in Kangwha county through a structured interview survey for two weeks in June, 1957. Attitudes to the patient referral system were classified into four types based upon answers to questions about awareness of the system, the recognition for the necessity of the system, and opinions on the improvement of the system. The four types of attitudes were active acceptance(10.2%), partial acceptance (27.2%), refusal(35.8%), and indifference(26.7%). The respondent's age, educational level, age of head of household, medical insurance fee, the number of ill family members, and the percentage of medical utilization by the family were the variables which affected the attitudes. The medical insurance fee, respondent's age, age of head of household, and the percentage of medical utilization by the family were the statistically significant discriminant factors of the four types of attitudes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

The damageability and repairability of similar platform type vehicles could be very concerned with design optimization. In all the vehicles crash tested, small size passenger vehicles were weakness in aspect of damageability and repairability. The most critical area appears to be repair cost considering that parts cost is the largest portion of total repair cost segments. Besides repair cost, attaching method of front sidemember and subframe are placed special importance for impact energy absorption and damageability and repairability. So in order to improve damageability and repairability of vehicle structure and body component of the monocoque type passenger vehicles, the end of front side member and front back beam should be designed with optimum level and to supply the end of front side member as a partial condition approx 300mm. The effectiveness of design concept on the 40% offset frontal impact characteristics of the passenger vehicle structure is investigated and summarized.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2007

The compensation system in industrial accident insurance is systemized with "either receiving all or no benefits at all" according to "admited or denied as an industrial accident". Therefore, they are centered on the decision as "industrial accident" or "non-industrial accident", but judging between the two is very complicated, and has inherent conflicting factors. In the early stage of industrialization, industrial accident compensation was based on the indemnity liability for employer's faults. In order to be compensated any damage, the injured worker should prove that the accident was not due to his or her faults. However it was very difficult for injured worker or his or her family to prove the employer's faults, so it was almost impossible to get compensation. Thereafter industrialization progress and improvement of workers' political status lead to conversion from principle of liability with employer's faults to principle of liability without employer's faults. In addition to that, coverage of industrial accident compensation was also expanded. This improvement strengthened the benefit payment principle of "All or Nothing". Even though the "All or Nothing" principle provokes tremendous criticism, the reason why it's difficult for industrialized countries to adopt partial compensation system, is that partial compensation system worsens the administrative hardship, therefore industrialized countries overcome the restrictions of the "All or Nothing" principle with making balance in provisions for any risk to some extent. However, in Korea because the general compensation system for covering medical cost and income loss from accidents, is not equipped, it could be possible to cause acute conflicts with regard to coverage of industrial accidents. Therefore it is required to improve the industrial accident insurance with the acceptance of the significance and logic of discriminated compensation, and create the integrated compensation system in the long run.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the demand and willingness to pay for oral hygiene services among elderly people with long-term care insurance. Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional analysis. Subjects comprised 126 elderly individuals from long-term home-care centers. A total of 28 centers were selected through convenience sampling from among 78 centers in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$. For analysis, semi-structured questionnaires that required about 20-30 minutes to complete were used. Analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: The overall demand for oral hygiene services was 44.4%, and willingness to pay was 31.0%. Thirty-three people (58.9%) of elderly those who have demand for an oral hygiene service were willing to pay for the service, and 64 people (91.4%) who did not have a demand were not willing to pay for it. Among those with partial dependence on brushing, 65.6% had demand for oral hygiene services and 50.0% were willing to pay costs. Among basic livelihood beneficiaries, 69.6% were willing to pay for oral hygiene services; general subjects and relievers were less willing to pay. Conclusions: The overall demand for oral hygiene services among elderly people was 44.4%, and the willingness to pay was as low as 31.0%.