• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2007

Currently, bridges are regarding as the structure with formative, scenic and environmental values more than their function as simple passageways. Because an attempt to work on the diversity of the bridge types and installation of the large structures on bridge are part of the project of the regional amenity enterprises, a study that harmonizes bridges with landscape is needed at this point in time. This background can influence the direction of bridge landscapes that considers local features by analysis of visual preferences on a bridge simulated scene. The results were as follows: analyzing the change of the simulated landscape image, forest landscape are damaged by the input of a bridge which was natural, harmonic and intimate. On the other hand, when a bridge was inserted into the ocean landscape, it was thought to improve the ocean landscape, especially, upper part form of arch bridge various or suspension bridge were improved in polished and various image. The insertion of a bridge into an urban landscape change from a negative image to a beautiful, harmonic and attractive image. The intimate, harmonic and natural image of a rural landscape was damaged by inserting a bridge. As analysis result about change of landscape preference by input of bridge, there is difference between before and after as input the bridge, and bridge influences as main object in the simulated scene. Visual preference was the highest in the ocean landscape, and the lowest in the suspension bridge in the rural landscape. The complicated shape of bridge follows on the background type difference certainly appear. Thee simulated scene preference except the urban landscape of the simulated scene fell generally Especially, fall of preference of girder bridge in the forest and ocean landscape, suspension bridge in the rural landscape appeared notedly.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.214-214
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• 2003

During a model test of Hutton TLP, a "ringing" response was first observed about 20 years ago. This phenomenon is a resonant build up over the time of wave period and this burst-like motion can cause the extreme load on the TLP tether. It is often detected in the large and steep irregular waves but the generation mechanism leading to the "ringing" is not yet well understood. According to the research since then, the higher order harmonic components may account for the "ringing" on the floating offshore structures. The main purpose of the present research is, thus, to measure the higher harmonic forces exerted on a vertical truncated circular column and to compare them with available data. A vertical truncated cylinder with a diameter of 3.5inch and a draft of 10.5inch is used as a test structure, which is a scaled model of ISSC TLP column. The cylinder is installed at a distance of 45ft from the wave maker in order to avoid parasitic waves created in the wave flap. Attached to the upper part of the cylinder are two force gages to measure the horizontal (surge) and vertical (heave) forces on the cylinder. The incoming waves are Stokes waves with a slope ranging from 0.06 to 0.24. The forces and waves are measured for 60 seconds with a sampling rate of 50 Hz. Among the recorded data, the first 10 waves are excluded because of transient behavior of the waves and the next The horizontal and vertical forces are analyzed up to 5th order harmonics. The horizontal forces are then compared to the values from the theoretical model called "FNV model". In addition, force transfer functions are also investigated. Major findings in this research are below. 1) The first order forces measured are slightly larger than the theoretical values of "FNV model" 2) The "FNV model" considerably overpredicts the second order forces. 3) The larger the amplitude and more extreme the wave slope, the smaller the predictions are compared to the experimental. 4) The higher harmonic forces are significantly smaller than the first harmonic force for all wave parameters. 5) The normalized forces vs. waves slopes are almost constant in the lower harmonics but vary a lot in the higher harmonics. 6) The trend of forces is more nonlinear in the horizontal forces than in the vertical forces as the wave slope increases. 7) The part of the results above is also observed by other researchers and confirmed again through the present work.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.126-143
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• 2013

신라의 산성 중 정확한 축성시기와 주체를 밝힐 수 있는 것은 경주의 명활산성(明活山城)과 남산신성(南山新城) 등 몇 개소에 불과하다. 명활산성은 작성비와 발굴조사 결과 확인된 체성의 축조기법과 보축을 기준으로 7세기 이전의 산성으로 보았다. 그러나 남산신성의 경우 북서 골짜기에서 찾은 초축시기(591년)의 석축 성벽 한곳을 제외하면 증축시기(679년)로 추정하였다. 경주 왕도에 있는 이들 산성의 축성방법을 기준으로 최근 조사된 각종 산성의 축성모습을 검토하여 축조연대를 추정하여 보았다. 그 결과 명활산성의 축조와 비슷한 모습을 보이는 함안 성산산성(城山山城)은 축조방법과 보축 등에서 6세기 중반경으로 보았고, 이와 축조수법이 유사한 김해 양동산성(良洞山城)과 양산 신기산성(新基山城)을 비슷한 시기로 설정하였다. 다만, 고령의 주산성(主山城)을 살펴보면 축조수법이 이들과 비슷하지만, 보축의 축조기법과 제한적인 보축에서 다소 시기차가 떨어지는 것으로 보았다. 이들과는 별도로 남산신성에서 확인되는 잔존성벽 대부분을 증축시기의 것으로 보고 이와 유사한 축조수법을 보이는 함양 사근산성(沙斤山城)과 거제 다대산성(多大山城)을 동시기로 설정하였다. 체성에서 확인되는 치석된 장방형의 성돌로 바른층쌓기한 점과 형식적으로 남은 보축을 설정근거로 하였다. 또한 김해 양동산성과 함양 사근산성에서의 단면 삼각형 수구, 김해 신기산성에서는 보축이 있는 석성축조에 앞서 선축된 목책의 흔적이 확인되어 이 지역에서는 좀처럼 보기 힘든 조사성과를 확인하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

서비스업의 대부분에서는 감정노동이라고 하는 새로운 형태의 노동을 제공하도록 요구 받는다. 이에 따라 많은 판매사원들은 자신의 감정을 숨긴 채 고객들에게 항상 웃음으로 서비스를 제공하게 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 백화점 판매사원의 감정노동에 관하여 실증적 연구를 진행하였다. 감정노동, 직무스트레스, 직무만족의 관계를 기초로 하여 실증분석을 시도하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 감정노동은 직무스트레스에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 감정노동이 증가함에 따라서 직무스트레스가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 감정노동과 직무만족의 관계를 살펴본 결과 유의한 결과를 제시하지 못하였다. 이는 감정노동이 직무만족에 직접적인 영향보다는 간접적인 영향을 제공한다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 셋째, 직무스트레스와 직무만족 간에 관계를 보면 역할갈등요인이 유의한 결과를 제시하고 있다. 이는 역할갈등이 증가할수록 직무만족이 떨어진다는 것을 의미하는 결과를 나타내고 있다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 감정노동이 판매사원들의 직무스트레스 및 직무만족에 직, 간접적인 영향을 미치므로 이에 대한 관리를 필요로 할 것이다. 이는 서비스를 제공하는 판매사원의 직무만족이 궁극적으로 고객 서비스 품질로 이어질 것이므로 아주 의미하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.348-351
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• 2006

Bipolar plate, which forms about 50% of the stack cost, is an important core part with polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Bipolar plates have been commonly fabricated from graphite meterial having high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. Lately, many researchers have concentrated their efforts on the development of metallic bipolar plate and stainless steel has been considered as a potential material for metallic bipolar plate because of its high strength, chemical stability, low gas permeability and applicability to mass production. However, it has been reported that its inadequate corrosion behavior under PEMFC environment lead to a deterioration of membrane by dissolved metal ions and an increase in contact resistance by the growth of passive film therefore, its corrosion resistance as well as contact resistance must be improved for bipolar plate application. In this work, several types of coating were applied to 316L and their electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance were evaluated In the simulated PEMFC environment. Application of coating gave rise to low interfacial contact resistances below $19m{\Omega}cm^2$ under the compress force of $150N/cm^2$. It also made the corrosion potential to shift in the posit ive direct ion by 0.3V or above and decreased the corrosion current from ca. $9{\mu}A/cm^2$ to ca. $0.5{\mu}A/cm^2$ in the mixed solution of $0.1N\;N_2SO_4$ and 2ppm HF A coat ing layer under potentiostatic control of 0.6V and $0.75V_{SCE}$ for 500 hours or longer showed some instabilities, however, no significant change in coat Ing layer were observed from Impedance data. In addition, the corrosion current maintained less than $1{\mu}A/cm^2$ for most of time for potentiostatic tests. It indicates that high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance can be obtained by application of coatings in the present work.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.308-317
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• 2017

본 연구는 한국 여성의 자살시도 경험 현황을 확인하고, 관련요인을 확인하여 고위험군 선별을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 2013년부터 2015년까지 질병관리본부에서 전국적으로 조사한 국민건강영양조사 자료 중 제 6기 3차 자료를 이용하였고. 전체 대상자중 여성만을 선별하여 일반적 특성, 정신건강 관련 특성, 일상생활 활동 특성 등의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 가중치를 적용하여 SPSS 20.0 프로그램의 복합표본 분석방법을 이용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 전체 여성의 1%에서 자살 시도 경험이 있는 것으로 파악 되었으며, 1년 이내의 정신 상담 경험이 있는 대상자가 없는 대상자보다 5.25배, 스트레스가 적은 대상자에 비해 많은 대상자가 14.92배, 일의 강도가 높은 대상자가 그렇지 않은 대상자에 비해 4.85배, 하루 중 앉아 있는 시간이 많은 대상자가 적은 대상자에 비해 3.76배 더 자살 시도를 한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이와 같은 대상자들을 자살시도의 고위험군으로 고려하여야 하며, 여성의 자살시도 예방을 위하여 일차적으로 정신 건강 상태와 일상생활의 활동 특성 변수를 고려한 선별 지침이 필요하겠다. 또한 사회적, 정책적으로 제공되는 자살 예방 프로그램의 개별적 접근이 필요할 것으로 사료 된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 1993

The Purpose of this study was to explore the condition of periodic medical examination and the health care services of industries in order to offer some basic data on developing industrial nursing care. To achieve this goal a self - administered questionnaire (developed by the academic affairs of community health nursing) was provieded to the nurses in 56 industries from Dec. 10, 1992 to Jan. 20, 1993. The statistical computer package, SPSS, was used to manipulate the data along with T-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. General characteristics: The greater part of the industries were manufacturing company, and below 300 employees of industry were 55.4%. The shift system was mostly one shift(66.1%) and three shift(23.2%), and 50.0% them organized the Industrial Safety and Health Commitee. Average a number of employees was 631 person. 2. Periodic Medical Examination: Most of the workers were receiving periodic medical examination from the designated hospital (95.71%). From the about 12.89% were gone through a colse medical examination. In colse medical examination 58.41% were decided 'C' and 36.73% were decided 'D'. About 6.23% off those who had any clinical findings were work-time shortening(7.84%), work-transition(8.12%), recoverating at home. The majority of the workers receive the result of the periodic medical examination individually (78.5%). 3. Special medical examination: The rate of those who are receiving special medical examination were 76.82% and about 8.24% were decided 'C' and 1.23% were decided 'D' Those who had any health problems were receiving follow-up checking (9.10%) and medical treatment while working (15.04%). The health managers in the company can consult (85.7%) those who had any suspicious sign and symptoms of occupational disease. 4. Health care services: The average score of health care services were 17.57 point out of 28 point, and the score was lower in health assessment and environmental hygiene than medical diagnosis and health education. There were significant differences in environmental hygine (F=3.72, P=0.017), health care services(F=3.94, P=0.013) according to the size of the size of the industries The other's significancy is not shown by any type of industrial nurse. The level of health care services were higher in the wokers who had better health and showed no singificant differences(T=-0.73, P=0.470).

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.781-793
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional education status and the recognition of the importance of elementary school dietitians (N＝183) in the Gyeongnam area. The results are summarized as follows. All subjects took part in nutritional education program, but the educational methods were passive, as in the case of “home correspondence”(80.8%) and “bulletin board poster”(16.4%), and the education frequency was very low as in “one time/month”(90.2%). The subjects thought “as an independent subject”(41.5%) and “as a related subjects”(35.1%) were suitable teaching venues for the nutritional education. They were very low in individual counseling (4.5%) for school children because of “lack of opportunity”(42.2%) and “heavy work load”(24.1%). However, most of the subjects wished that nutritional counseling could offered in the future (95.5%). The parents＇ experience of nutritional education was also low (34.3%). Information sources for nutritional education were mainly the “internet”(53.1%) and “re-educational materials” (25.0%). The available instructional materials included “printed materials”(96.7%), “exhibition bulletin materials” (70.3%) and “electronic materials”(46.4%). The preferred education materials were “exhibitionㆍbulletin materials”(32.2%), “printed materials”(29.2%), and “electronic materials”(27.7%). However, materials they wished to purchase were “electronic materials”(54.5%) and “cubic materials”(26.0%). These results show a difference between the preferred materials and the possessed materials. Most school dietitians (98.4%) recognized the necessity of nutritional education with respect to “good table manners”(42.0%), “correction of food prejudices”(30.3%), and “proper nutrition for growth”(21.0%) Although they had a great interest in nutritional education, they had difficulty in cutting their teaming into practice because of “heavy work load”(30.9%), “lack of a systematic curriculum”(25.2%), and “lack of a educational opportunity”(22.8%). Ninety five percent of subjects wished to have nutrition education taught as an independent subject. They pointed out “kindergarten”(60.0%) and “lower grades in elementary school”(33.9%) as the optimal starting times for nutritional education and “school dietitians”(91.3%) as suitable teachers for these programs. The required topics chosen by the subjects for nutritional education for children were “proper eating habits”(54.2%) and “nutritional problem”(31.5%). The dietitians thought “food prejudices”(44.7%), “rat too much processed and instant foods”(36.5%), and “obesity”(11.8%) were the most common nutritional problems among elementary school children. These results suggest the necessity of solving the nutritional problems in children by developing a nutritional education program. Along with this program, if dietitian assisted programs for parents were developed, the effects of nutritional education could definitely be increased.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제61권
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• pp.233-262
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• 2020

현대 과학 기술의 급속한 발전은 그리스도인과 목회 현장에 지대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 최근 대두된 제 4차 산업 혁명은 교회와 신학 분야에서 다양한 토론을 이끌어 내고 있으며, 특히 인공 지능(AI)은 각계각층에서 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, AI가 어떻게 교회와 목회 현장에 영향을 미치는지에 대한 양적 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구진은 신학생들의 AI에 대한 인식도를 조사하고 분석한 후, 그에 대한 기독교교육적 의의를 고찰했다. 한국의 주요 신학교에 재학 중인 220 명의 남녀 신학생들을 대상으로 7 개 하위 영역에 대한 인식도를 조사했으며, 7 개의 하위 영역에는 AI에 대한 관심도, 사회적 영향력, AI의 대안적 영향 및 AI의 교회에 대한 영향력 등이 포함되었다. 본 연구 결과로 신학생들은 AI의 학문적 관련성 또는 AI 교육의 필요성에는 일반적으로 동의하고 있으나, 교회에 대한 AI의 영향력에 대해서는 상대적으로 낮은 인식도를 보였다. 이같이 낮은 인식도는 신학생들이 AI가 일반 사회나 교육에는 필수적이고 중요한 부분이라고 인식하지만, 반면 AI가 교회를 크게 위협하거나 지대한 영향을 주지는 않을 것이라는 그들의 신념을 나타낸다. 이에 대해서 우리는 AI에 대한 신학생들의 인식도를 높이기 위한 기독교교육적대응이 있어야 한다고 생각하며, 기독교세계관의 관점에서 과학 기술과 관련된 교육프로그램을 신학교의 교과 과정에 여러 수준으로 마련할 것을 제안한다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.37-37
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• 2009

Due to their high corrosion resistance and improved mechanical properties super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) are extensively used in petrochemical plants such as facilities in modern oil platform and off-shore process equipment. It is well known that the best mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of super-duplex stainless steel are obtained with a microstructure having approximately equal amounts of austenite and ferrite. And it is also known that sigma($\sigma$), chi($\chi$), secondary austenite(${\gamma}2$), chromium carbides and nitride affected adversely their properties. Therefore these phases must be avoided. However, effects of succeeding weld thermal cycle on the change of microstructure of weldment at multi-pass weld were not seldom experimentally researched. Therefore in the present work, the change of weldmetal microstructure and the effect of microstructure on pitting corrosion property at $40^{\circ}C$ by succeeding each weld thermal cycle were researched. The thermal history of root side was measured experimentally and the change of microstructure of root weld according to thermal cycle of each weld layer was evaluated. And the relationship between microstructure of root weld and pitting corrosion property at $40^{\circ}C$ was also investigated. Results of the present work are show as below. 1. The ferrite contents of root weld are gradually reduced by succeeding weld thermal cycle. 2. The 2nd phases such as sigma($\sigma$), chi($\chi$), secondary austenite(${\gamma}2$), chromium carbides and nitride are increased gradually by succeeding weld thermal cycle. 3. The pitting corrosion was detected in root weld part and weight loss by pitting corrosion is increased in proportional to the time exposed over $600^{\circ}C$ of the root weld. 4. The succeeding weld thermal cycles affect the microstructure of the former weldments and promote the formation of 2nd phases. That is, the more succeeding welds are added, the more 2nd phases are gradually increased. Consequently, it is thougth that this adversely affects pitting corrosion property.