• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.131-147
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• 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop intelligent vehicle parking distribution system based on LoRa network at the circumstance of traffic congestion during cultural festival in a local city. This paper proposes a parking dispatch and distribution system using a Q-learning algorithm to rapidly disperse traffics that increases suddenly because of in-bound traffics from the outside of a city in the real-time base as well as to increase parking probability in a parking lot which is widely located in a city. Design/methodology/approach The system get information on realtime-base from the sensor network of IoT (LoRa network). It will contribute to solve the sudden increase in traffic and parking bottlenecks during local cultural festival. We applied the simulation system with Queuing model to the Yudeung Festival in Jinju, Korea. We proposed a Q-learning algorithm that could change the learning policy by setting the acceptability value of each parking lot as a threshold from the Jinju highway IC (Interchange) to the 7 parking lots. LoRa Network platform supports to browse parking resource information to each vehicle in realtime. The system updates Q-table periodically using Q-learning algorithm as soon as get information from parking lots. The Queuing Theory with Poisson arrival distribution is used to get probability distribution function. The Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest distance. Findings This paper suggest a simulation test to verify the efficiency of Q-learning algorithm at the circumstance of high traffic jam in a city during local festival. As a result of the simulation, the proposed algorithm performed well even when each parking lot was somewhat saturated. When an intelligent learning system such as an O-learning algorithm is applied, it is possible to more effectively distribute the vehicle to a lot with a high parking probability when the vehicle inflow from the outside rapidly increases at a specific time, such as a local city cultural festival.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

Super high-rise buildings of combined use such as large shopping malls and multiplex etc. have larger parking facilities than general buildings and are characteristic of an increase in the number of the entrance and the exit connecting internal external space of the parking lot. These features cause a congestion of internal traffic by increasing car driving distance in the parking lot, and vehicle idling increases by drivers wander the parking lot in order to find parking space. In addition, they make drivers suffer from lots of difficulties due to parking including increasing their walking line after parking. Therefore, in this study, we developed individual parking information provision algorithm to specify the optimal parking place for drivers according to the purpose of visiting a building and the drivers' moving path, and selected new construction site for the second lotte world in order to evaluate the algorithm developed and performed evaluation. As a result of the evaluation, it was analyzed that in the case of applying the individual parking information provision algorithm compared to the existing parking information provision algorithm, moving distance in the parking lot decreases around 7.43~83.4%, and that in the case of $CO_2$ emission, it decreased about 47.7% on average, which indicates that the efficiency resulted from application of the individual parking information provision algorithm is very high as the application effects are tested.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2009

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a kind of search techniques used to find exact or approximate solutions to optimization and searching problems. This paper discusses the design of a genetic algorithm-based intelligent parking system. This is a search strategy based on the model of evolution to solve the problem of parking systems. A genetic algorithm for an optimal solution is used to find a series of optimal angles of the moving vehicle at a parking space autonomously. This algorithm makes the planning simpler and the movement more effective. At last we present some simulation results.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

YOLOv4 can be used for detecting parking vehicles in order to check a vehicle in out-door parking space. YOLOv4 has 9 anchor boxes in each of 13x13 grid cells for detecting a bounding box of object. Because anchor boxes are allocated based on each cell, there can be existed small observational error for detecting real objects due to the distance between neighboring cells. In this paper, we proposed YOLOv4 grid cell shift algorithm for improving the out-door parking vehicle detection accuracy. In order to get more chance for trying to object detection by reducing the errors between anchor boxes and real objects, grid cells over image can be shifted to vertical, horizontal or diagonal directions after YOLOv4 basic detection process. The experimental results show that a combined algorithm of a custom trained YOLOv4 and a cell shift algorithm has 96.6% detection accuracy compare to 94.6% of a custom trained YOLOv4 only for out door parking vehicle images.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.84-90
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• 2009

The bi-modal tram is under development as a new public transportation. The features of the tram are an extended wheel base and its length. This features result in difficulties for drivers on maneuvering the tram. Therefore, the all wheel steering system is applied to the articulated vehicle. The AWS system enables the vehicle to steer all the rear wheels independently and improves its driving characteristics. However, the bi-modal tram has a problem to move backward in the limited place because of its geometric feature and the AWS system. Hence, the reverse parking assistant algorithm for articulated vehicle is developed to solve the problems of the reverse parking. Using the vehicle model which includes the reverse parking assistant algorithm, the dynamic analysis is performed for several parking cases. By the result of the analysis, the stability and validity of the reverse parking assistant algorithm is verified.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.176-182
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• 2003

The researches for autonomous vehicle have been implemented in many studies, but most studies were confined to the lane fol1owing and changing. This paper addresses a problem of autonomous lane following parking a nonholonomic vehicle. The algorithm for image processing by the hough transform and controlling a steering angle and speed to park a nonholonomic vehicle is developed. The developed system which integrated the control algorithm for parking and vision algorithm for line traction tested with RC car and verified by the performance of the detection of parking area and the reactive parking without collisions.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.639-647
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• 2008

The objective of this research is to establish the relationship between the important variables necessary for real-time available parking space presumption algorithm for a parking lot information provision. So it investigated the variables that come relate to the algorithm and collected parking information for an algorithm plan. It analyzed variables inciuding average number of parked cars, average parked time, rate of turnover, occupancy, cumulative number of parked cars, and etc. of the parking lot. And it collected data regarding illegal parking, double space parking, searching car and it presumed the number of available parking spaces. As a result of the research, It appeared that the achieved accuracy is superier to existing provision system which only take the total input and output numbers. This will help drivers' judgement, and also the parking lot operation and management.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2020

This paper introduces the parking guide service developed to address the inconvenience of parking in areas where demand for parking spaces is high, such as busy streets and tourist attractions. Due to difficulties in measuring and developing the actual parking lot while driving the car, we created a temporary parking lot and created Arduino RC Car to replace the actual car. Video processing based on Open CV allows users to identify the entire parking lot, parking space, and completed parking space, and track moving cars, and this information has been developed to enable users to see through the application. The application allows the user to book the desired parking space and introduce a way-finding algorithm to guide them through the optimal path to the selected parking compartment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.506-511
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• 2008

Recently, it is widely progressed that the research of the performance improvement of an intelligent vehicle. Among them, its parking problem has attracted a great deal of attention and have been examined in many papers in the literature. In this paper we design a fuzzy logic based parking system at the slant parking space which is a important part for designing an autonomous parking system. We first design a parking path for the slant space and propose a fuzzy logic based parking algorithm. We present its simulation results and show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2012

The unified lateral control algorithm for automatic valet parking for various types of vehicles is presented and its feasibility is shown experimentally via field tests for the given parking scenario. First, a trajectory generation algorithm for forward driving and backward multi-step parking maneuvers is developed. Then, with consideration of different types of vehicles and operating conditions, a kinematic vehicle model is used and validated using field test data. Using the nonlinear vehicle model, the lateral controller is designed based on dynamic surface control. Finally the proposed lateral control law is validated via hardware-in-the-loop simulations for different types of vehicles and experimentally using a test vehicle through field tests.