• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2007

This study is aimed at classifying different types of parks in Gwang-Ju city and providing efficient Planning and guidelines to satisfy the needs of park users. The first stage of this study was accomplished by site surveys of neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju where park types, locations, neighboring conditions, park layout, and other physical environments were surveyed for the specific status of parks. With those basic data, urban neighborhood park types were classified into different categories: 1) urban neighborhood parks; 2) riverside neighborhood parks; and 3) natural(mountain side) neighborhood parks. For the second stage of this study, behavior patterns and satisfaction were investigated to provide empirical data on the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The highest level of satisfaction for the users of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city is the accessibility of the parks which are small but located in neighborhoods, The users tend to visit the nearby parks regardless of size. 2. The users have relatively high levels of satisfaction for urban neighborhood parks which have a lot of green zones or park facilities. Therefore, the park planner should consider the natural environment in the park area and should reconsider the type of park in the planning process. 3. The different types of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city do not affect the level of satisfaction and the motivation of park visits. However, the accessibility of the parks is the most important factors of users' satisfaction regardless of the type of the park. 4. The level of user satisfaction for all of the urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city indicates that the users have a relatively low level of satisfaction. Especially, 26.2% of the users have a high level of dissatisfaction. The new parks, which have recently been developed, have a higher level of satisfaction than the old parks which have a lack of facilities, insufficient maintenance, and poor management planning in the park. 5. As a result of factor analysis, all city neighborhood parks showed a similar tendency with urban type parks, but showed a tendency that was different from the other park types.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the ecological attributes in the two types of urban park at Suwon and Goyang city. 'Directly linked park' is forests and rivers in the vicinity, it is capable of re-supply of the species and 'Isolated park' is forests and rivers apart, it is a difficult re-supply of the species. The result of assessment of the ecological attributes in the two types of urban park was analyzed as the percentage of 'Forest zone' was high, but the percentage of 'Area of permeable pavement' and 'Bush area' was low. 'The planting structure' was mostly 1-layer structure(47%) and 'Foreign tree species' is high by half the proportion. 'Age classes' were a 2-3age classes level, and 'Water body' could barely. Thus, ecological attributes degree was very low. In addition, results of investigation whether the difference of ecological attributes degree between the two types of urban park, also statistically analyzed that there is no difference. Therefore, when establishing the composition of the future plans of the city park, to take full account of the ecological situation in the surrounding parkland, and identify the ecological potential with the parkland. Next, it should be designed and planned of the park that fully utilizing the potential of this ecological attributes.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2003

This study focuses on design method of the memorial park for the improvement of the funeral culture in Korea. Through the comparative analysis between domestic and overseas cases, this study articulates the issues that should be taken into consideration in the design of memorial park and categorizes such issues in accordance with their types. According to comparative analysis, the characteristics of domestic and overseas cases can be summed up as follows. Most of the overseas cases can be characterized with creative concepts and images in their designs because designs are not only based on the issues articulated in this study but also show a various patterns issue by issue. On the other hand, domestic cases do not show differentiated images from others, which results from the uniform design that disregards the issues articulated in this study. The memorial park for the future should be designed to play a significant role of citizens´ park under the new conceptual framework. Therefore, the issues articulated from this study should be reflected in the design of memorial park. In addition, various types by issue should be introduced to design of memorial park. The purpose of this study is to suggest basic criteria for the design of future pattern, not simply to compare the strength and weakness of different types. This study has a limitation in that it does not offer comprehensive information of what types of memorial park will coincide with the Korean's collective sentiment. Therefore, impending tasks of further researches should involve the opinion and preferences of citizens concerning the design of memorial park.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.166-181
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• 1996

오대산 국립공원 상원사-비로봉지구의 노령임분에 대한 식물군집구조 및 식생과 환경인자와의 관계를 밝히기 위하여 45개의 조사구를 설치하여 조사. 분석하였다. 조사된 자료는 TWINSPAN과 DCA를 이용하여 분석하였다. TWINSPAN에 의해 전체조사구는 6개의 식물군집으로 분리되었으며, 이들 분리된 군집은 전나무-까치박달나무군집, 전나무-신갈나무군집, 피나무군집, 신갈나무-피나무군집, 신갈나무군집, 신갈나무-잣나무군집이었다. 각 군집은 토양인자 중 토양산도, 유기물함량의 차이가 있었으며 이들의 분포특징은 지형적인 차이에 의해 설명될 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2004

This study focused on 15 parks to investigate the actual developmental conditions for preservation type parks and artificial type parks in the 9 residential land development sites managed by the Korea Land Corporation in Daegu and Gyeongsangbukdo area from 1994 to 2002. Emphasis is placed upon the types of land use, park arrangements, park facilities, types of planted trees and landscaping expense, with a view to discovering ways of improving the efficiency of future park development.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2009

Haemocyte characterization in the surf clam, Mectra veneriformis was carried out based on morphological, cytochemical, and phagocytic characteristics. The haemocytes were classified into two cell types, granulocytes and agranulocytes on the basis of presence of cytoplasmic granules. Granulocytes were then classified again into 2 types, large eosinophilic granulocytes and small eosinophilic granulocytes after staining with May-Grünwald Giemsa. In electron microscopy, both types of granulocytes contained electron-dense and electron-lucent cytoplasmic granules. Agranulocytes (hyalinocytes) were also divided into two cell types, large agranulocytes and small agranulocytes based on their sizes. Both cell types did not have granules in cytoplasm. Granulocyte and agranulocyte were negative for the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and $\beta$-glucuronidase but positive for phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase activities. Both types of haemocytes have phagocytic activity, with the exception of small agranulocyte, and granulocytes seemed more active in this respect than agranulocytes. This present study is the first study to characterize haemocytes of M. veneriformis.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

According to the Korean Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS), more than 200,000 traffic accidents occur every year. Also, the statistics including auto insurance companies data show 1.3 million traffic accidents. In the case of TAAS, the types of traffic accidents are simply divided into four; frontal collision, side collision, rear collision, and rollover. However, more detailed information is needed to assess for advanced driver assist systems at intersections. For example, directional information is needed, such as whether the vehicle in the car accident way in a straight or a left turn, etc. This study intends to redefine the type of accident with the more clear driving direction and path by referring to the Negligence standards used in automobile insurance accidents. The standards largely divide five categories of car-to-car/motorcycle /pedestrian/cyclist, and highway, and the each category is classified into dozens of types by status of the traffic signal, conflict situations. In order to present more various accident types for auto insurance accidents, the standards are reclassified driving direction and path of vehicles from crash situations. In results, the car-to-car accidents are classified into 33 accident types, car-to-pedestrian accidents have 19 accident types, car-to-motorcycle accidents have 38 accident types, and car-to-cyclist accidents are derived into 26 types.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2012

This study was conducted from February 2005 to October 2007 to investigate bird distribution at three types of forest (mixed, broadleaf and coniferous) in Gwangneung forest. As a result, more birds used mixed forests than broodleaf and coniferous forest. During forest was opened to public, more birds also frequently used mixed forests. When forest was closed to public, there was no preference among three forest types. We also compared the number of species and individuals between open and restricted area. More species and individuals used restricted area.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2014

Interacting galaxy pairs are important for study of galaxy evolution. We selected 8,542 interacting galaxy pairs out of 593,514 KIAS-VAGC galaxy sample with 0.02 < z < 0.047 and r_mag <17.6. We then classified by their interacting features into 6 types by visual inspection. We focused on two types whose spiral tidal features extend to the center of early type galaxy (ETG) or to the edge of ETG. We compared galactic parameters of these two types with those of entire 8,542 pairs as well as between the two types. Preliminary result shows both types are very close pairs (projected distance ~ 20 kpc). Spiral galaxies in the center type are more massive but less bright than those in edge type. ETGs in the edge type are brighter but not more massive than those in the center type. The center type has a mass ratio 3.4 times greater than the edge type, but the edge type has a higher angular momentum than the center type.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.358-366
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• 2005

본 연구는 인천시 백마도시자연공원을 대상으로 현존식생 유형과 특성을 파악하여 산림 식생관리를 위한 기초자료 제시를 위해 실시하였다. 현존식생유형 분석 결과 총 39개 유형으로 분류되었다. 인공식재림 유형중 아까시나무림이 가장 넓게 분포하였고($34.0\%$), 자연식생 유형은 신갈나무림이 가장 넓은 면적을 점유하고($12.1\%$) 있었다. 현존식생유형의 층위구조와 식생발달 경향, 환경요인 등을 기준으로 현존식생 특성도를 작성하여 총 16개 유형으로 재분류하였으며 각 유형 별 관리방안을 제안하였다.