• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.50
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• pp.75-111
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• 2016

This paper examines the standard codes (Gangnyung: 綱領), basis of the study of Chunchu in Chunchuhak tradition during Chosun dynasty, through Park Sechae's Chunchubopyeon. The author aims to uncover the common awareness of, or an agreed view of, Chunchu among scholars of Chosun dynasty. Since Chunchubopyeon represents the Neo-Confucian understanding of Chunchu, it can be argued that the Gangnyung section of this book contained the standard codes which formed the basis of Chunchu studies. Of five key themes in Gangnyung, this paper addresses two in detail, and . The first argues that Chunchu is the grand principle of governing the world; a living law which drives the reality. The second theme, through a detailed recording of Chunchu, examines the grand principle of Chunchu. When studies after the present paper address the remaining themes in Gangnyung, it is expected that an access to the general characteristics or features of Chunchuhak during Chosun dynasty will be granted.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2017

Research on the rapid and accurate prediction of physical properties of wood using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has attracted recent attention. In this study, partial least squares analysis was performed between NIR spectra and air-dried specific gravity of five domestic conifer species including larch (Larix kaempferi), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), red pine (Pinus densiflora), cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa). Fifty different lumbers per species were purchased from the five National Forestry Cooperative Federations of Korea. The air-dried specific gravity of 100 knot- and defect-free specimens of each species was determined by NIR spectroscopy in the range of 680-2500 nm. Spectral data preprocessing including standard normal variate, detrend and forward first derivative (gap size = 8, smoothing = 8) were applied to all the NIR spectra of the specimens. Partial least squares analysis including cross-validation (five groups) was performed with the air-dried specific gravity and NIR spectra. When the performance of the regression model was expressed as $R^2$ (coefficient of determination) and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), $R^2$ and RMSEC were 0.63 and 0.027 for larch, 0.68 and 0.033 for Korean pine, 0.62 and 0.033 for red pine, 0.76 and 0.022 for cedar, and 0.79 and 0.027 for cypress, respectively. For the calibration model, which contained all species in this study, the $R^2$ was 0.75 and the RMSEC was 0.37.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2016

Background: The unilateral prone arm lift (UPAL) is commonly used to exercise the lower trapezius muscle. However, overactivation of the upper trapezius can induce pain during UPAL exercises in subjects with upper trapezius tenderness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of position of ipsilateral neck rotation (INR) on the inhibition of upper trapezius muscle activity and the facilitation of the lower trapezius muscle when performing UPAL exercises. Methods: In total, 19 subjects with upper trapezius tenderness were recruited for the study. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured in the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles during UPAL with and without INR position. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare EMG activity in the trapezius muscles and the muscle ratios. Results: EMG activity in the upper trapezius muscles was decreased significantly in the INR condition compared to without the position with INR during UPAL exercises (p<.05). EMG activity in the middle and lower trapezius was not significantly different between the with and without INR conditions (p>.05). However, the ratio of lower to upper trapezius activation showed a significant increase in the INR condition compared to the without INR condition (p<.05), indicating greater lower trapezius activation relative to the upper trapezius in the INR position than in the without INR position. Conclusions: The EMG results obtained in this study suggest that the position with INR reduced overactivation in the upper trapezius and improved muscle imbalance during lower trapezius exercises in individuals with upper trapezius tenderness.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.292-294
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cause of lens luxation and to determine the frequency of vision loss, glaucoma, cataract, and corneal edema before and after intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE). The medical records of 8 dogs underwent ICLE for the correction of anterior lens luxation at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University from August 2005 to September 2007 were reviewed. The most frequently affected breed was Miniature Poodle (n = 3). The mean age was $10.8{\pm}2.1$ years. Preoperatively, 5 eyes (67.5%) with anterior luxation had secondary glaucoma, 7 eyes (87.5%) had vision loss, and all eyes (100.0%) had corneal edema. Four weeks after ICLE, 6 eyes (75.0%) had normal intraocular pressure (IOP), and 4 eyes (50.0%) regained vision. Corneal edema was reduced after ICLE in all eyes, but still remained in 4 eyes. It was considered that ICLE was beneficial in the management of anterior lens luxation, but the eyes without glaucoma before ICLE had more favorable prognosis than eyes with.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2008

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2003

Hepatic lipase is a key enzyme that is involved in HDL-C metabolism. The goal of this study was to find out the frequency of the hepatic lipase C514T polymorphism, and evaluate its relationship with plasma HDL-C levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Koreans. Two hundred and twenty four subjects with no previous history of lipid-lowering therapy, 118 patients with significant CAD, and 106 controls were examined with respect to their genotypes, lipid profiles, and other risk factors for CAD. The frequency of the -514T allele was 0.37 in men and 0.35 in women, which were higher than the frequency that was reported in Caucasians, but lower than the frequency that was reported in African-Americans. The -514T allele was associated with significantly higher HDL-C levels in women. After controlling for age, gender, BMI, DM, and smoking, the non-CC genotype was significantly associated with HDL-C levels, and explained 6% of the HDL-C variation in this study. When the genotypes-distribution was compared between the CAD and non-CAD patients, the hepatic lipase C-514T polymorphism was not associated with the presence of CAD. Koreans have a higher frequency of the hepatic lipase gene 514T allele than Caucasians, and the -514T allele is associated with higher plasma HDL-C levels in Korean women, and perhaps non-smoking men. However, our data does not suggest an association between the polymorphism and an increased risk of CAD.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.212-216
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• 2006

Root of Scutellaria baicalensis G. was extracted with methanol and water to give the yield of 30.0% in order to find the antioxidant substance. The extract was fractionated with diethyl ether, n-butanol and water to test the inhibitive activity against xanthine oxidase. Three fractions inhibited the activities of xanthine oxidase by 48.2%, 10.2% and 2.8%, respectively, at the amount of $0.1\;{\mu}g$. A component that exhibited strong inhibition of xanthine oxidase was isolated from diethyl ether fraction (SE Fr.) by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC, and then identified by $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$ and MS spectrophotometry. EDA (Electron Donating ability) of the compound was 28.5% at the concentration $100\;{\mu}g/3\;ml$. That was identified to be 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2'-methoxyflavanone by spectrophotometric analysis using $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$ and Mass spectrophotometry.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.84-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to establish the identity of the traditional residential space in Korea and Japan as analyzing the spatial characteristics and sociocultural roles of the 'in-between space' shown in their traditional dwelling space. Although they share culture area, it is meaningful to clarify the identity of both countries with many differences as the point of localization In globalization and the point of presenting the current and future directions of residential culture in both countries. Records and field studies have been carried out for the spatial characteristics and the sociocultural role focused on Ma-dang and Dae-chung in case of the 'in-between space' in Korean traditional dwellings and Inner housing, Doma, and Engawa in Japan. According to these findings, the spatial characteristics in common between Korea and Japan are open, half-open, separation, mitigation, integration, variation, continuation, hierarchy, mediation, and expansion. The 'in-between space', built by the separate Chae and Kan, of Korean traditional dwellings shows the separation by closed walls and the exclusive use by the fixed walls. In case of Japan, the integrated in-between space built by the separation of Kan shows open and connective tendencies and the variableness of walls has the tendency making ambiguous space with spatial softness. The sociocultural role of the 'in-between space' in Korean traditional dwelling space functions as the mitigation between the interior and exterior of the house as well as the male and female. Because the conception for protecting the private life is too weak, the sociocultural role of the 'in-between space' in Japanese traditional dwelling space seldom forms the space for an individual or the specific person among family. The space to welcome a guest functions as the mitigation between residents and outsiders as it is located in the inside of the private dwelling space.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Kimchi intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults (over 19 years old), using data from the Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007~2012. A total of 30,630 participants were analyzed in this study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the NCEP ATP III criteria standards. Out of the 30,630 participants, 8,230 (23.45%) had meatabolic syndrome. When the subjects were grouped by their Kimchi intake, those who consumed a sufficient amount (36.0~82.125 g) showed a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P<0.001). However, multiple logistic regression analysis results after adjusting for sex and age, exercise status, smoking status, drinking status, energy intake, income level, occupation, area, frequency of eating-out, showed that the Kimchi intake did not significantly affect the odds ratio of metabolic syndrome. High sodium contents of Kimchi was the major cause of various cardiovascular diseases, and was associated with the hypertension risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. However, in this study, the Kimchi intake, even after adjusting sodium intake, did not have negative influence on the development of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.51-65
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• 2024

With the advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology, aerial spraying has been rapidly increasing in the agricultural field. Drones offer many advantages compared to traditional applicators, but they pose challenges such as spray drift risk and spray uniformity. To address these issues, it is essential to understand the characteristics of complex airflow generated by drones and its consequences for the spray performance. This study aims to identify the air velocity distribution of drone downwash and the resulting spray deposition distribution on the ground, ultimately proposing optimized spraying widths and criteria. Experiments were conducted using two agricultural drones with different propeller arrangements under various flight and measurement conditions. The results showed that during hovering, the downward airflow affected the area within a distance of the radius of the blade (R) from the center of the drone. When the drone was flying, the downward airflow was effective up to a distance of 2R. Droplet deposition was concentrated at the center of the drone during hovering. However, during flying, the droplet deposition was more evenly distributed up to the distance of R. The drone downwash and droplet deposition were significantly different during flying compared to the hovering state. At an effective spray width of 3R, the coefficient of variation (CV) was generally less than 16%, indicating a significant improvement in spray uniformity. These findings help optimize effective spraying techniques in drone-based applications.