• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.9-21
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to observe and describe the maternal attachment behavior during the mother's first interactions with her newborn and define the factors contributing to differences in maternal attachment behavior. Observations of the mother's first interaction with her newborn can offer valuable information about the mother-infant relationship, and it provides an opportunity for planning individulized care for them. Data was collected from Sep. 1, 1950 to Oct.30, 1980 at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Maternal attachment behaviors of healthy full-term infants were observed and recorded on the .maternal attachment tool and analysed by the use of means, standard deviations and ANEVA test. The following trends of maternal behaviors were observed: 1. Identifying behaviors was the predominant mode and all of the mothers inspects baby's body features. 2. Modalities of interaction, that is, touching was initiated on the babies extremities and heads (57.3%) rather than the trunks (8.7%) and mothers touched their infants with their fingertips (58.2%) more than palm touching (14.6%) 3. Care-taking activities performed by the mother were negligible at the first interaction. 4. Parity of mother, sex of infant, age of mother, planned pregnancy, length of visits by mother to infant appeared to have significant influence on the maternal attachment behaviors.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.807-817
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• 2008

We present a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-based, threaded layered space-time-frequency system with emphasis on the iterative receiver design. First, the unbiased minimum mean-squared-error iterative-tree-search (U-MMSE-ITS) detector, which is known to be one of the most efficient multi-input multi-output (MIMO) detectors available, is improved by augmentation of the partial-length paths and by the addition of one-bit complement sequences. Compared with the U-MMSE-ITS detector, the improved detector provides better detection performance with lower complexity. Furthermore, the improved detector is robust to arbitrary MIMO channels and to any antenna configurations. Second, based on the structure of the iterative receiver, we present a low-complexity belief-propagation (BP) decoding algorithm for LDPC-codes. This BP decoder not only has low computing complexity but also converges very fast (5 iterations is sufficient). With the efficient receiver employing the improved detector and the low-complexity BP decoder, the proposed system is a promising solution to high-data-rate transmission over selective-fading channels.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.341-352
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• 2012

This paper presents a Processing Engine (PE) which is used in Low Density Parity Codec (LDPC) application with a novel charge-recovery logic called pseudo-NMOS boost logic (pNBL), to achieve high-speed and low power dissipation. pNBL is a high-overdriven and low area consuming charge recovery logic, which belongs to boost logic family. Proposed Processing Engine is used in LDPC circuit to reduce operating power dissipation and increase the processing speed. To demonstrate the performance of proposed PE, a test chip is designed and fabricated with 0.18 2m CMOS technology. Simulation results indicate that proposed PE with pNBL dissipates only 1 pJ/cycle when working at the frequency of 403 MHz, which is only 36% of PE with the conventional static CMOS gates. The measurement results show that the test chip can work as high as 609 MHz with the energy dissipation of 2.1 pJ/cycle.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2014년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.246-247
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• 2014

케이블 방송망에서 최대 10Gbps 테이터 전송을 위해 최근 북미에서 표준화된 DOCSIS 3.1(Data over Cable Service Interface Specifications Version 3.1)에서는 고차 혼합 변조(Mixed Modulation) 방식을 제시하였다. DOCSIS 3.1 은 하향 데이터 전송을 위해 최대 192MHz 의 대역에서 4K 또는 8K 다중 직교 반송파를 사용한다. 특히 채널 오류 정정을 위한 채널 부호화 방법으로 유럽의 차세대 케이블 방송 표준인 DVB-C2(Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable Version 2)에 정의된 BCH(Bose, Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem)와 LDPC(Low Density Parity Check) 연접부호를 사용한다. 단, DOCSIS 3.1 에서는 DVB-C2 와 달리 부호율 8/9 의 Short Mode 부호만을 사용하며 최대 16384-QAM 까지 사용한다. 하나의 부호율을 사용하기 때문에 QAM 차수에 따른 요구 SNR 의 차가 크게 된다. 주어진 채널 상황에서 최적의 전송용량을 얻기 위해 QAM 차수에 따른 요구 SNR 의 차를 줄일 수 있는 방법으로 혼합 변조가 도입되었으며, 본 논문에서는 혼합 변조에 따른 수신 성능을 제시한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2019

The traditional calculation of gestation length (GL) in Holstein cows relies solely on the insemination day and has a high error rate for actual calving dates. The present study was conducted to develop a more accurate method of estimating GL. Among 3,578 Holstein cows, the number of fetuses had a significant (p < 0.05) effect, with GLs of 282.4 ± 2.5 days for singletons and 276.0 ± 1.6 days for twins. Within the singleton group, the GLs were 284.6 ± 1.9 days for males and 280.3 ± 1.5 days for females, a significant difference (p < 0.05). However, within the twin group, there was no difference in GLs among twin males, twin females, or twins of both sexes. Gestation was significantly shorter for singleton males born from June to August but significantly longer for twin males born in the May to June period (p < 0.05). Neither parity nor housing type was associated with any significant difference in GL. In order to predict the calving dates of Holstein cows accurately and improve their management, calculations should consider the number and sex of fetuses as well as the insemination season.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to investigate the correlation among body weight, body composition, delivery method, parity, weight gain during pregnancy and obesity before pregnancy of patients who received postpartum care in one oriental medicine hospital. Mothods: From September 1, 2009 to August 31, 2008, we included 34 postpartum patients who had body composition analysis when admission and discharge among 47 postpartum patients who were hospitalized and received postpartum care in $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ University $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ Hospital. We used SPSS 14.0 for window to test for statistical significance. Results: After postpartum care, body weight and BMI of mothers was significantly decreased and the weight loss was almost body water. Mothers who had cesarean section had relatively severe edema and mothers who had been overweight before pregnancy had high BMI, body fat and abdominal fat. After delivery, body fat percentage was increased highly and body weight retention lasted long in mothers who had gained over 12.5kg during pregnancy. Conclusion: Living habits including diet has a significant effect on weight change of mothers during early puerperium, therefore it is required to teach mothers about breast-feeding, diet, and exercise to help their weight return to normal.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2000

These days Women have repented their past when they were inactive in attaining their own rights and they've payed attentions in gaining their fundamental rights, especially health rights. The spread of contraception use is important to fulfill women's health right. There are a lot of meanings in the contraception use. It makes women can control their reproductive activities such as pregnancy, delivery, and raising children etc. It gives each woman has autonomy of her life. The review reveals high contraceptive rate and high experienced artificial abortion rate in Korea. It means Korean married couples use contraception inefficiently. From 1970's to 1980's, most of the researches in contraceptions were descriptive and survey studies. Since 1990's, the studies have researched in the feministic perspectives. In order to understand experiences of contraceptive behaviors, qualitative researches through indepth interview did. But the number of researches were limited. The relating factors to contraceptive behavior are knowledge, communication between couples, efficiency of contraceptives, self efficacy, attitudes toward contraception, national policy, mass media, public opinion, age, parity, abortion history, ever-used contraceptive method and educational level. Theses factors affect contraception directly and indirectly. Therefore. researches about contraceptives in the future must focus on development of contraceptive behavior assessment tools and further study should be comprehensive and multidementional.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제47권11호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 MIMO 시스템에서 부분 증분 리던던시 방식 Hybrid ARQ를 위한 결합 기법을 제안한다. 제안 결합 기법은 부분 증분 리던던시 방식 Hybrid ARQ에서 반복 전송되는 정보 심볼들을 위한 심볼 레벨 결합 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 제안 결합 기법이 반복 전송되는 정보 심볼들뿐 아니라 매 전송마다 새로이 전송되는 패리티 심볼들의 검출 성능 또한 향상시킴을 보인다. 모의실험 결과를 통해 제안된 결합 기법이 특히 Zero Forcing 검출 사용 시에 기존의 비트 레벨 결합 기법보다 부분 증분 리던던시 방식 Hybrid ARQ의 성능을 크게 향상시킴을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1149-1159
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 여분을 갖는 결함허용 시스템에 이용할 수 있는 자체검사 특성을 갖는 검사기를 제안한다. 특히 시스템이 출력의 정확성을 요하는 바이탈(Vital) 정보와 일반적인 정보를 동시에 취급할 때 정보의 중요성에 따라 선택적으로 검사할 수 있는 제어 가능한 자체검사 특성 검사기(Controllable Self-Checking Checker)를 설계하였다. On-Line 모드에서 결함을 검출할 수 있기 위해서 최소 입력 벡터로 시험할 수 있는 결정적 시험 방법을 이용하였다. 실험 결과 설계한 패리티 2-레일 검사기는 기존의 검사기 보다 더 간단한 구조로 동일한 자체검사 기능을 유지할 수 있었다. 또한 패리티 2-레일 검사기를 이용하여 설계한 제어 가능한 자체검사 특성 검사기 역시 정의된 결함에 대해서 높은 결함 커버리지를 나타냈다.

• 정보학연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 역 전파 신경회로망의 학습파라미터를 발생한 오차에 따라서 유동성 있게 갱신할 수 있고 이 학습알고리즘의 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 초기연결강도 설정 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 국소 점을 벗어날 수 있는 것으로 기대되고, 수렴환경에 알맞은 초기 연결강도 발생을 설정할 수 있다. 모의실험에서는 세 가지의 학습패턴을 가지고 실험하였다. 첫 번째 3-패리티 문제에 대한 학습을 수행하였고, 두 번째는 $7{\times}5$ 알파벳 영문자 폰트에 대한 학습이고 세 번째는 필기체 숫자 및 한글의 기본 획에 적용하였다. 모의실험결과, 제안된 방법은 기존의 표준 역 전파 알고리즘에 비하여 약 27%~57.2%정도 학습효율이 향상됨을 고찰하였다