• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.66
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• pp.193-226
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• 2017

This writing establishes identity of JinSeBaek, a male protagonist from a classical novel Hajinyangmunrok, through examining his relationship with a female character named HaOkJu. The character JinSeBaek was analyzed with attachment theory. JinSeBaek is a type of character who openly expresses his emotions. The evidence that JinSaeBaek falls in love with HaOkJu at a first sight was mainly shown through his physical affection with her. After the breakup, JinSeBaek expresses sadness, depression, and anger, as well as sheds tears. Although JinSeBaek repeatedly breaks up and gets back together with HaOkJu, JinSaeBaek consistently shows his desire to be with HaOkJu. Expressing true emotions was not ideal characteristic for men in this era. JinSaeBaek develops attachment to HaOkJu after he loses his parents, whom he has previously developed attachment to, but repeated break ups with HaOkJu leads to separation anxiety. Although his separation anxiety is caused by HaOkJu, it is also HaOkJu who can resolve the anxiety. The fact that JinSaeBaek honestly expresses his emotions and develops abnormal attachment to woman makes JinSaeBaek unique from other male protagonists. A character like JinSaeBaek is not common in other fictional novels or romance novels as well. Thus, JinSaebaek is claimed to be extraordinary character in literature.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

Objectives : The goals of the study are how to establish the cohort systems for the children and adolescents victims with sexual abuse in Korea and to identify the risk and protective factors that influence mental health in child sexual abuse (CSA). This is initial assessment data based on the analysis of cohort variables for baseline evaluation of subjects. Methods : We constructed the cohort systems for CSA victims recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, CSA victims protection center. The initial assessment data which consisted of demographic and psychological inventories of CSA victims and their parents/families, psychiatric diagnoses were the results of statistical analysis of 65 subjects under 19 years old for 3 years 7 months. Results : The initial data were followings : female participants, N=56; mean age, 11.6 (SD=4.5); the most sexual assault, molestation 71.8%; victims, family and acquaintance 87.1%; 61.5% of the subjects diagnosed with psychiatric disorder; 29.2% diagnosed with PTSD and 23.1% diagnosed with depression. Mean duration for abuse to report is 1.5 years. Mean score of IES-R-K, TSCYC-avoidant and CBCL-problematic behavior were increased above clinical cut-off. Conclusions : CSA victims tend to have high risks in mental health problem. The cohort study could provide the risk and protective factors of CSA in mental health, and construct the predictive model for mental illness in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.543-552
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• 2021

This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a recently developed and applied art therapy program. The subjects of the study were twenty-two students at two middle schools in Busan, Korea. Before conducting the study, the parents' agreement was sought, after which the study program was explained to the participating students in private interviews. The twenty-two students were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with eleven students in each group. Ten sessions of ninety minutes each, twice a week, were conducted for the experimental group. The verification of the effectiveness was done through pre, post, and follow-up examinations. The results of the data analysis are as follows. First, the art therapy program appeared to help reduce suicidal thoughts among those who had them. Second, the art therapy program reduced the depression of adolescents in the study. Third, the art therapy program improved the self-esteem of the study's subjects. In addition, a follow-up examination showed that the effects of the program appear to last. This paper offers proposals for interventions in the suicidal thoughts of adolescents and the practical implication of the interventions and future research paths.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.430-444
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• 2021

Purpose: This study is an integrated literature review to analyze health problems and social determinants of multicultural adolescents in South Korea. Methods: An integrative review was conducted according to Whittemore & Knafl's guideline. An electronic search that included publications from 2018 to 2020 in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, and KISS databases was conducted. Of a total of 67 records that were identified, 13 finally met full inclusion criteria. Text network analysis was also conducted to identify keywords network trends using NetMiner program. Results: The health problems of multicultural adolescents were classified into mental health (depression, anxiety, suicide and acculturative stress) and health risk behaviors (smoking, risky drinking, smartphone dependence and sexual behavior). As social determinants affecting the health of multicultural adolescents, the biological factors such as gender, age, and visible minority, and the psychological factors such as acculturative stress, self-esteem, family support, and ego-resiliency were identified. The sociocultural factors were identified as family economic status, residential area, parental education level, and parents' country of birth. As a result of text network analysis, a total of 41 words were identified. Conclusion: Based on these results, mental health and health risk behaviors should be considered as interventions for health promotion of multicultural adolescents. Our findings suggest that further research should be conducted to broaden the scope of health determinants to account for the effects of the physical environment and health care system.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.325-345
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is a exploratory study for understanding the process of the social isolation of the socially isolated elderly through the approach to their life history. The research was analyzed by one of the methods of qualitative research on life history, the conceptual framework of 'Dimensions, turning, and adaptation' of Mandelbaum(1973). According to the results of this study, the socially isolated elderly people were found to be socially isolated by experiencing complex difficulties such as family disconnection, poverty, poor job and health deterioration. Specifically, in the area of life, there was experience of poor relationship with parent, absence of family, poverty of family and unfavorable relationship with surrounding people in life with original family before isolation. They had bad jobs in the labor market, such as hard labor, delivery, business, and chores. In the area of turning point, we experienced family break due to the separation of the original family and the spouse due to various reasons such as financial crisis, parental divorce and death, spouse affair, economic difficulty. In a transitional stage in the life, many reasons such as the financial crisis, the death of parents, the extramarital affair and economic difficulties led to the disconnection from their original family and their spouses. In an adaptive phase, participants accepted the changed life at each turning point in their lives, carrying out their roles, compromising and trying to adapt properly. He said that their current life, which has entered the social safety net system of the people's basic recipients, has led him to live a more stable life and is adapting to personal hobbies and vicarious satisfaction through networks. This result is somewhat different from previous studies in which isolated elderly people were severely exposed to the risk of depression and loneliness. However, we should also consider the characteristics of this study that interviewed elderly people with relatively low isolation. Based on the results of this research, he presented various practical policy implications.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.83-100
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• 2007

It is the aim of present paper to examine the effects of experienced violence and observed violence in original family on adaptation in college students. In addition, the degree of contribution of two types of aggression in family were examined. Participants were 220 college students. Among them, those who have experienced violence from mother are 60.3%. And 52.3% reported violence from father. Those who have observed their parents violent behavior are 28.8%. These childhood 'experienced violence' and 'observed violence' was significantly associated early adulthood adaptation. But its effect is dependent on participant's sex. Experienced violence from mother is positively related to confidence in scholastic achievement in female. Experienced violence from father is positively related to trumatic symptoms and trait anxiety in male. On the other hand, observed violence showed significant relationship with traumatic symptoms, impulsivity, depression, self-esteem and trait anxiety. Most importantly, multiple regression analysis showed observed violence explains early adulthood adaptation more significantly than experienced violence. The discussion addressed implications of the findings for future research and for clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2713-2723
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• 2014

This study adopts an ecological perspective to empirically navigate the issues surrounding the impact of parental abuse on the emotional development of adolescents. The data is used from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2011 (KCYPS 2011), which was conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute (n=2,270). Path models were constructed in which adolescents' environmental mediators (i.e., the relationship with parents, friends, and teachers; and school life) control their negative emotions (i.e., aggressiveness, negative physical symptoms, social weakness and depression); in turn to compare the difference between two groups based on parental abuse by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). As with the non-abused group (n=1,644), all the environmental mediators remained significant to control their negative emotion; whereas, the abused group (n=626) showed no significant pathway from their relationship with teachers and school life to negative emotion. This indicates that the abused group have limited number of the mediators to control their negative emotion than those of the non-abused group. For the non-abused group, the mediator with the highest total effect to control their negative emotion was the relationship with their friends; on the other hand, the abused group's mediator that showed the highest total effect to control their negative emotion was the relationship with their parents. Although the relationship with teachers remained significant as a mediator to affect school life for the both groups, teachers were not significant to control the negative emotion of the abused group. These findings suggest that the negative relationship with teachers in the abused group is a factor to threat the school adaptation of adolescents, which also leads to problems that are related to the emotional development of adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 1995

Family is a primary unit of the major socialization processing for children. Parents among the family members are one of the most important figures from whom the child and adolescent acquire a wide variety of behavior patterns, attitudes, values and norms. An organization of family members product family structural functioning. Abnormal family structure is one of the most important reference models in the learning of antisocial patterns of behavior. Therefore incest and child sexual abuse including spouse abuse, elderly abuse, and neglect occurs in the abnormal family structural setting. In particular, incest, a specific form of sexual abuse, was once thought to be a phenomenon of great rarity, but our clinical experiences, especially over the past decade, have made us aware that incest and child sexual abuse is not rare case and on the increasing trend. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the family problem and dynamics of incest family, and character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim in Korea. A total of 1,838 adolescents from middle and high school(1,237) and juvenile correctional institute(601) were studied, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutes, using proportional stratified random sampling method. The subjects' ages ranged from 12 to 21 years. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Data analysis was done by IBM PC of Behavior Science Center at the Korea university, using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square, principal component analysis and t-test etc. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) Of 1,071 subjects, 40(3.7%) reported incest experiences(sibling incest : 1.6% ; another type of incest : 2.1%) in their family setting. 2) The character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim was more socially maladjusted, immature, impulsive, rigid, anxious and dependent than non-incest adolescent. Also they showed some problem in academic performance and their assertiveness. 3) The other family members of incest family revealed more psychological and behavioral problem such as depression, alcoholism, psychotic disorder and criminal act than the non-incest family, even though there is no evidence of the context between them. 4) The family dynamics of incest family tended to be dysfunctional trend, as compared with non-incest family. It showed that the psychological instability of family member, parental rejection toward their children, coldness and indifference among family member and marital discordance between the parents had significant correlation with incest.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 1999

This study was performed by the children and adolescents who were abused or neglected physically, emotionally that were selected in child & adolescents psychiatric ward. We investigated the number of these case in admitted children & adolescents, and also observed characteristics of symptoms, developmental history, characteristics of abuse style, characteristics of abusers, family dynamics and psychopathology. We hypothesized that all kinds of abuse will influnced to emotional, behavioral problems, developmental courses on victims, interactive effects on family dynamics and psychopathology. That subjects were 22 persons of victims who be determined by clinical observation and clinical note. The results of the study were as follows：1) Demographic characteristics of victims：ratio of sex was 1：6.3(male：female), mean age was $11.1{\pm}2.5$. According to birth order, lst was 12(54.5%), 2nd was 5(23%), 3rd was 2(9%) and only child was 3(13.5%). 2) Characteristics of family：According to socioeconomic status, middle to high class was 3(13.5%), middle one was 9(41.% ), middle to low one was 9(41%), low one was 1(0.5%). according to number of family, under the 3 person was 3(13.5%), 4-5 was 17(77.5%), 6-7 was 2(9%). according to marital status of parents, divorce or seperation were 5(23%), remarriage 2(9%), severe marital discord was 19(86.5%). In father, antisocial behavior was 7(32%), alcohol dependence was 10(45.5%). In mother, alcohol abuse was 5(23%), depression was 17(77.3%), history of psychiatric management was 6(27%). 3) Characteristics of abuse：Physical abuse was 18(81.8%), physical and emotional abuse and neglect were 4(18.2%). according to onset of abuse, before 3 years was 15(54.5%), 3-6 years was 5(27.5%), schooler was 1(15%). Only father offender was 2(19%), only mother offender was 8(35.4%), both offender was 8(35.4%), accompaning with spouse abuse was 7(27%), and accompaning with other sibling abuse was 4(18.2%). 4) General characteristics and developmental history of victims：Unwanted baby was 12(54.5%), developmental delay before abuse was9(41%), comorbid developmental disorder was 15(68%). there were 6(27.5%) who didn‘t show definite sign of developmental delay before abuse. 5) Main diagnosis and comorbid diagnosis：According to main diagnosis, conduct disorder 6(27.3%), borderline child 5(23%), depression4(18%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) 4(18%), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified 2(9%), selective mutism 1(5%). According to comorbid diagnosis, ADHD, borderline intelligence, mental retardation, learning disorder, developmental language disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, chronic tic disorder, functional enuresis and encoporesis, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder due to medical condition. 5) Course of treatment：A mean duration of admission was $2.4{\pm}1.5$ months. 11(15%) showed improvement of symtoms, however 11(50%) was not changed of symtoms.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of clinical and psychological factors on the parental stress of children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods : Children and adolescents with epilepsy (n=90, age range=6-17 years) completed questionnaires on epilepsy-related variables, children's depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory, CDI), children's anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMAS) and performed the scale for children's intelligence (IQ). Parents who have children and adolescents with epilepsy completed questionnaires on parental stress (Questionnaire on Resources and stress, QRS), parental anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI), children's attention problems (Abbreviated Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised, CPRS), and children's behavioral problems (Korean Child Behavior Checklist, K-CBCL). Stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictive variables that affect parental stress. Results : In the correlational analysis, duration of seizure treatment (r=0.253, p=0.016), children's IQ (r=-0.544, p<0.001), children's attention problems (r=0.602, p<0.001), children's depressive symptoms (r=0.335, p=0.002), children's anxiety (r=0.306, p=0.004), children's behavioral problems (r=0.618, p<0.001), and parental anxiety (r=0.478, p<0.001), showed a significant correlation with parental stress. Children's behavioral problem (β=0.241, p=0.010), children's IQ (β=-0.472, p<0.001), and parental anxiety (β=0.426, p<0.001) were significantly related to the parental stress (Adjusted R²=0.619). Conclusions : Clinicians should pay attention to children's intelligence and behavioral problems and parental anxiety, which affect parental stress with children and adolescents with epilepsy.