• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-40
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• 2022

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of parenting education programs (PEPs) for refugee and migrant parents. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published from 2000 to 2020 were identified through a systematic search of six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, KMBASE). A meta-analysis of the studies was then undertaken. Results: Of the 14,996 published works identified, 23 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, and 19 studies were analyzed to estimate the effect sizes (standardized mean differences) of the PEPs using random-effect models. PEPs were effective for parenting efficacy (effect size [ES]=1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.66), positive parenting behaviors (ES=0.51; 95% CI: 0.30-0.73), parent-child relationships (ES=0.38; 95% CI: 0.22-0.53), and parenting stress (ES=0.64; 95% CI: 0.50-0.79). There were statistically significant differences in the effect sizes of PEPs that included mothers only (ES=0.93), included children under 7 years of age(ES=0.91), did not include child participation (0.77), continued for 19 or more sessions (ES=0.80), and were analyzed in quasi-experimental studies (ES=0.86). The overall effect of publication bias was robust. Conclusion: PEPs were found to be effective at improving parenting efficacy, positive parenting behaviors, parent-child relationships, and parenting stress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.49-62
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• 1998

This paper investigates the parenting stress of fathers who have preschooler. At first, a causal model constructed, including the parenting stress as a dependent variable and the psychological characteristics of paternal self-esteem and parenting efficacy as parameters. Based on the change of parenting stress, self-esteem and parenting efficacy according to various pertinent to fathers, the causal effect of various variables effecting on the paternal parenting stress is analyzed. The SPSS PC program was used for the statistical analysis, where fully exploited were frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, Cronbach α, one-way analysis(ANOVA), path analysis. The results can be summarized into 3 parts, in conclusion: 1) The younger a father is, the higher paternal self-esteem becomes. Paternal self-esteem trend was there, for a father who is a member of large family, and for a father whose education level is high, and for a father whose occupation is professional. Regarding parenting sense of competence, a father shows confidence when he has more income, more educated and less children. 2) The variable analysis effecting on the parenting stress dut to the paternal environment shows that a father feels more stress when his income is less and his spouse is working. The sub-factor analysis on the parenting stress shows that 'typical stress dut to the parenting' increases when his income is less and his spouse is working, and 'pressures pertaning to the parental role and distress' increases for a father with less income, working spouse, less educated and non-professional job. Further 'guilty to the parenting by others' shows higher for a father with less income and a working spouse. 3) The path analysis, which were performed to check the causality of the parenting stress dut to various variables, shows that the self-esteem and the parenting efficacy are significant factors directly effecting on the paternal parenting stress, and the job-satisfaction and marriage-satisfaction are significantly effecting on the parenting stress both directly and indirectly.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.97-112
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale for mothers of 5- to 7-year -old preschool children. After 43 items of the preliminary scale were analyzed for their fitness of structure based on the chi-square test and Cramer's V coefficients, and 27 were selected as the final set for the questionnaire. Further factor analysis on these 27 items confirmed the selection of 26 of the 27 items with a four-factor structure : communication, teaching, general parenting self-efficacy, and control. The internal reliability was evaluated to show a confidence level of .92 for the overall items and a range of .70 to .86 for each individual factor.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.461-473
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• 2016

The study examined whether children's behavioral problem and self-resilience mediated the association between mothers' democratic parenting and their children's school life adjustment perceived by children. We analyzed data from the fourth Korean Children and Youth Panel Study (KCYPS) that included democratic parenting, behavioral problem, self-resilience, and school life adjustment by 1,971 mothers and fourth grade elementary school children. We identified structural relationships among the variables using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 applying structural equation modeling. The measurement model and structure model had a favorable goodness of fit and the results of structure models on each path were as follows. First, school life adjustment had positive correlations with mother's democratic parenting and self-resilience, but there was a negative correlation between school life adjustment and behavioral problems. Second, the relationship between mother's democratic parenting and self-resilience was mediated by behavioral problems and behavioral problems; in addition, self-resilience mediated the relationship between mother's democratic parenting and school life adjustment. The results of this study suggested that children's school life adjustment and children's confidence to control behavioral problems could improve by promoting self-resilience. If fourth grade children could perceive mother's parenting as affection, monitoring children's behavioral problems could be reduced, and children's self-resilience and school life adjustment could be increased.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations of socioeconomic status, parenting style, and grit with children's health behaviors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,040 parents and their children using data from the 2018 Korean Children's Panel Survey. Socioeconomic status was measured in terms of household income and subjective socioeconomic status. Parenting style and grit and were measured using 62 and 8 items, respectively. Health behaviors were measured by assessing healthy eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Results: Higher household income (β=.07, p=.018) and high maternal levels of an authoritative parenting style (β=.20, p<.001) were associated with higher compliance with healthy eating habits among children. Higher grit was associated with a higher number of weekly physical activity days (β=.08, p=.028) and sedentary behavior for <2 hours (odds ratio [OR]=1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.07) in children. A maternal permissive parenting style was associated with sedentary behavior for >2 hours on weekdays (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.27-0.69). Conclusion: We suggest that when planning interventions to improve children's health behavior, it is essential to adopt a multifaceted approach that avoids practicing a maternal permissive parenting style, promotes an authoritative parenting style, and incorporates strategies to increase children's grit.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-62
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• 2018

Objective: This study employed a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Respected Parents & Respected Children(RPRC) parent education program developed for working mothers of dual-income families with young children. Methods: A total of 32 working mothers were randomly assigned to two groups, an intervention group (n = 16) and a control group (n = 16). Mothers in the intervention group participated in the parent education program. After the termination of the program, differences between the pretest and posttest in terms of mothers'parenting behaviors, parenting efficacy and parental role satisfaction were compared in both groups. Results: Mothers in the intervention group were significantly improved in their parenting behaviors and parenting efficacy, whereas mothers in the control group did not show any significant differences between pretest and posttest scores. However, there was no significant difference in parental role satisfaction between the intervention group and the control group. Conclusion/Implications: These findings suggest that RPRC parent education program is effective in bringing about positive changes in working mothers'parenting confidence, which can be crucial for the future developmental outcomes of their children.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting stress on elementary school children's self-efficacy and daily stress. The subjects were 355 children selected from 4 elementary schools and their mothers. Data was collected using the parenting efficacy index, parenting stress index, children's self-efficacy inventory and children's daily stress inventory. Data was statistically analyzed using the t-test, one way ANOVA(Duncan test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's self-efficacy according to the child's grade, gender, scholastic achievement, mother education, father education, and income. There were some significant differences in children's daily stress according to the child's grade, gender, and scholastic achievement. Correlation analysis indicated that the maternal parenting efficacy and children's self-efficacy, especially self-confidence had a significant positive correlation, and indicated a negative correlation with children's daily stress. Correlation analysis indicated that maternal parenting stress and children's self-efficacy had a significant negative correlation, and indicated a positive correlation with children's daily stress. It was also found that scholastic achievement, educational distress of the mother, father education were significant predictors of the children's self-efficacy, and healthy parenting ability, father education, stress of a difficult child, scholastic achievement, gender were all significant predictors of the children's daily stress.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of fatherhood among fathers of high-risk neonates and their confidence regarding neonatal care. Methods: A study was conducted of 100 fathers whose neonates had been admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for at least 48 hours. Perceptions of fatherhood, neonatal characteristics, and fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care were measured using a self-reported questionnaire. The survey took approximately 10 minutes to complete and was completed anonymously. The factors that affected fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care were analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The scores for positive and negative perceptions of fatherhood were relatively high at 4.27 and 3.42 out of 5 points, respectively. A positive perception of fatherhood was found to influence fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care. Conclusion: NICU nurses should encourage fathers to effectively perform their parenting roles by implementing educational programs and interventions to promote positive perceptions of fatherhood and fathers' confidence regarding neonatal care after discharge.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2017

This study aimed to validate the effect of newborn care education program to parenting confidence, knowledge and self-efficacy using systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature search was used, Library of Congress, KERIS, KISS, domestic Journal, and until 2016, a total of 11 articles were used for meta-analysis to convergence this kind of results. As the result of the meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall effect of parenting confidence on the neonatal care education program, but there was a statistically significant difference in the sub-group analysis. The overall effect of knowledge and self-efficacy was statistically significant. Based on the results of this study, it will be helpful to understand the newborn care education program and the basis for the effect of education. The research that measures the related variables should be repeated and generalization should be planned in the future research.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.141-150
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was the development of the parenting stress scale, necessary to understand the details of the difficulties for a working mother having children from infant to preschooler. Relevant works were reviewed to collect 44 items for the questionnaire from the previous researchs, and additional 34 are combined as a set of measure items. The 78 items were analyzed for the fitness of structure based on the chi-square test and Cramer's V coefficients, and 35 were selected as a final set for the questionnaire. Further factor analysis on the 35 items showed that they could be selected 32 items of the 35 item scale and composed of 3 subscales; namely, the first factor(12 items) as‘typical stress due to the parenting’, the second(12 items) as‘pressures pertaining to the parental role and distress’, and the third(8 items) as’guilty to the parenting by others’. This final questionnaire composed of 32 items was also tested for the concurrent validity based on Pearson's correlation with Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), which is a well-known index to represent the socio-psychological stress. The correlation factor is .41(p＜.001), which justifies the fitness of the newly designed questionnaire. To find the confidence level, the Cronbach α was evaluated, which results .88 for the overall questionnaire and ranges between .76 and .82 for each subcale. This parenting scale can be also utilized as a measure to exploit proper programs for the parent-child relations, parent education and rehabitilation of the family function.