• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.143-154
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• 2008

This study focused on the parent.child relationship and its, which has effect on the newly.wedded marital adjustment. Based on the relationship with analyzing attachment to parents, psychological separation, and newly.wedded marital adjustment, the research was conducted focusing on explored the relationships influences among these influences things. The subjects of this study were 216 in the newly-wedded couples with less than 5 years since of marriage. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, as a result of analysis of differences in marital adjustment according to attachment to parents revealed that, the group with stable attachment to parents showed the more a smoother adjustment in their relationships with the spouses after marriage. Second, as a result of analyzing analysis of the difference in marital adjustment according to psychological separation from parents indicated that, the higher psychological separation from parents showed the related to higher marital adjustment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.819-826
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and its origin in arctic area, four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digita, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata), one marine invertebrate (Echinoidea) and sediments were collected from Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen from the late July to early August, 2003. In case of macroalgae, the young blade part above growth point and the old stipes and blades beneath growth point were separated and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an attempt to check the mechanism of uptake in macroalgae to accumulate PAH. There was no difference in PAH concentrations between sampling sites (Stations B and C), species, and blades beneath and above growth point. PAH concentrations in all samples collected in this study were relatively higher than those reported in other areas of arctic. Especially, station C, which is known as an unpolluted area, showed 10 times higher PAH concentration (8,765 ng/g) in sediment than station A (694 ng/g) around harbor. In addition high PAH concentration, station C had very higher proportion of methylated PAH to parent PAH in sediment than station A. Source analysis using PAH isomer pair ratios as indicators showed that Kongsfjorden area seemed to be relatively contaminated with PAH derived from direct petroleum input.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.50
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• pp.325-336
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• 2006

Domestic serpentinite is one of the important industrial minerals utilizing in the iron manufacturing company such as POSCO in Korea. Serpentinite is distributed in the Ulsan Fe deposit, Andong, Hongseong-Cheongyang, and Gapyeong areas. This study tries to interpret the relationship among the formation of carbonate rocks, iron mineralization, and serpentinite alteration throughout the study of field occurrence, mineralogy, and chemical compositions. Serpentine is formed by the break-down of olivine and pyroxene of parent peridotite. The serpentinization is inferred to be formed by the hydrothermal fluid derived from intruded Cretaceous granite and the addition of meteoric water. Variation of major oxides such as $SiO_2,\;Fe_2O_3$, and MgO in serpentinized rocks are controlled by the degree of serpentinization and Fe mineralization. Variation of $Al_2O_3$ and CaO contents of altered rocks is dependent on the amount of the residual minerals such as calcite and homblende, and on the degree of chloritization. The presence of carbonate rocks reported in the sedimentary origin or igneous origin (carbonatite) provided a geological environment to form skarn type Fe deposit regardless of its origin. The geological processes of Ulsan Fe deposits are inferred to be formed as the order of the formation of carbonate rocks ${\to}$ the intrusion of Cretaceous granite ${\to}$ serpentinization ${\to}$ Fe mineralization by the interprelation of field occurrence and mineralogical characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

A study was carried out to investigate the genesis and mineralogical characteristics of clay minerals in three different types of soil derived from the gray shale distributed in Kyeongbuk Province in Korea. The soils have been developed from parent materials of residuum (Daegu series, Sirye series), colluvium(Banho series), and alluvium (Bigog series) of the same origin of parent rock with a topographical sequence. The investigation mainly focussed on the mineralogical aspects of primary minerals of asnd and silt fractions, identification and quantification of clay minerals, and characterization of hydroxy-interlayered mineral (HIM) along with their chemical composition. The identification was done through analyses of chemical, X-ray diffraction, and thermal methods. The major clay minerals in the soils are illite, vermiculite, kaolin and HIM, while chlorite and mixed layer minerals such as illite/chlorite and illite/vermiculite were coexisted as a subsidiary minerals. The distribution of clay minerals, however, varies according to the location and types of parent material. In the soils derived from the parent material of residuum, the upper soil (Daegu series) shows higher of 2:1 type minerals such as illite, vermiculite, and HIM than 1:1 type mineral rich in the lower soil(Sirye series). Soils developed from the parent material of colluvium and alluvium were high in illlte and mixed layer minerals, but low in HIM compared with the residual soils. The predominant weathering sequence of the clay minerals in each soil could be inferred as follows according to the minerlogical distribution and quantification of clay minerals : Daegu series, illite ${\rightarrow}$ vermiculite ${\rightarrow}$ HIM ; Sirye series, vermiculite ${\rightarrow}$ kaolin minerals ; Banho sereies and Bigog series, illite ${\rightarrow}$ illlte/vermiculite and/or illite/chlorlte mixed layer ${\rightarrow}$ vermiculite.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.33
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• pp.153-184
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• 2016

This study investigates the funeral rituals practiced by the Joseon Dynasty as recorded about Lee Mun Geon (1494~1567, a.k.a Mukjae), who mourned by the grave of his deceased mother, Ms. Shin (1463~1535), a woman whose family's origin was Goryeon. The study focuse on the rituals performed by Lee after his mother's death, his participation in the funeral, and his mourning specifically as an individual who has lost his parent. Reviewing Lee's mourning life beside the grave, the contents of diary belonging to a nobleman in the middle of Joseon Dynasty were studied aimsing to find out the meaning of rituals, the overall recognition accorded to death, and the filial duties that were carried out by the noblemen of the time. Although noblemen in the middle of Joseon Dynasty ceaselessly attempted to change the observance of funeral rituals through legislation, it was difficult to change the mindset of the people, who fllowed the deep-rooted traditions of long history. It must be acknowledged that the Joseon Dynasty had a different cultural background than that of China. There was a fundamental problem when they tried to adapt The Family Rituals of Zhu Xi, followed by the Chinese, to the Joseon society. Although The Family Rituals of Zhu Xi emphasized ancestral rites focusing on enshrining mortuary tablets and the importance of establishing the family shrine hundred times, noblemen in the mid-Joseon Dynasty period cared for their parents in the grave by mourning for them than by following such practice. The solemn memorial service held in front of the grave, and the annual ritual service on the death anniversary were far more important to the noblemen in the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Amid such contradictions, the noblemen accepted and performed the mourning rituals beside the grave of their parent. Human beings across the ages have always dwelt upon thoughts of the afterlife. Most people believe that they attain a state after the death of their physicalbody. If humans did not have such thoughts, they would not be bothered if death occurs on being hit by a car on the street. Thus, human beings often think of the ritual services related to death, although in different forms. Therefore, mourning by the grave of their parent held great significance among the noblemen of the Joseon Dynasty as a sign of their filial piety.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.253-275
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• 1994

Many flowering plants possess genetically controlled self -incompatibility (SI) system that prevents inbreeding and promotes outcrosses. SI is usually controlled by a single, multiallelic S-locus. In gametophytically controlled system, SI results when the S-allele of the pollen is matched by one of the two S-alleles in the style, while in the sporophytic system self-incompatible reaction occurs by the interaction between the pistil genotype and genotype of, not the pollen, but the pollen parent In the former system the self-incompatible phenotype of pollen is determined by the haploid genome of the pollen itself but in the latter the pollen phenotype is governed by the genotype of the pollen parent along with the occurrence of either to-dominant or dominant/recessive allelic interactions. In the sporophytic type the inhibition reaction occurs within minutes following pollen-stigma contact, the incompatible pollen grains usually failing to germinate, whereas in gametophytic system pollen tube inhibition takes place during growth in the transmitting tissue of the style. Recognition and rejection of self pollen are the result of interaction between the S-locus protein in the pistil and the pollen protein. In the gametophytic SI the S-associated glycoprotein which is similar to the fungal ribonuclease in structure and function are localized at the intercellular matrix in the transmitting tissue of the style, with the highest concentration in the collar of the stigma, while in the sporophytic SI deposit of abundant S-locus specific glycoprotein (SLSG).is detected in the cell wall of stigmatic papillae of the open flowers. In the gametophytic system S-gene is expressed mostly at the stigmatic collar the upper third of the style length and in the pollen after meiosis. On the other hand, in the sporophytic SI S-glycoprotein gene is expressed in the papillar cells of the stigma as well as in e sporophytic tape is cells of anther wall. Recognition and rejection of self pollen in the gametophytic type is the reaction between the ribonuclease in the transmitting tissue of the style and the protein in the cytoplasm of pollen tube, whereas in the sporophytic system the inhibition of selfed pollen is caused by the interaction between the Sycoprotein in the wall of stigmatic papillar cell and the tapetum-origin protein deposited on the outer wall of the pollen grain. The claim that the S-allele-associated proteins are involved in recognition and rejection of self pollen has been made merely based on indirect evidence. Recently it has been verified that inhibition of synthesis of S$_3$ protein in Petunia inflata plants of S$_2$S$_3$ genotype by the antisense S$_3$ gene resulted in failure of the transgenic plant to reject S$_3$ pollen and that expression of the transgenic encoding S$_3$ protein in the S$_1$S$_2$ genotype confers on the transgenic plant the ability to reject S$_3$ pollen. These finding Provide direct evidence that S-proteins control the s elf-incompatibility behavior of the pistil.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.111-118
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• 2024

The concept of social stratification and hierarchy among human dates back to the origin of human race. Presently, the growing reputation of social networks has given us with an opportunity to analyze these well-studied phenomena over different networks at different scales. Generally, a social network could be defined as a collection of actors and their interactions. In this work, we concern ourselves with a particular type of social networks, known as trust networks. In this type of networks, there is an explicit show of trust (positive interaction) or distrust (negative interaction) among the actors. In other words, an actor can designate others as friends or foes. Trust networks are typically modeled as signed networks. A signed network is a directed graph in which the edges carry an edge weight of +1 (indicating trust) or -1 (indicating distrust). Examples of signed networks include the Slashdot Zoo network, the Epinions network and the Wikipedia adminship election network. In a social network, actors tend to connect with each other on the basis of their perceived social hierarchy. The emergence of such a hierarchy within a social community shows the manner in which authority manifests in the community. In the case of signed networks, the concept of social hierarchy can be interpreted as the emergence of a tree-like structure comprising of actors in a top-down fashion in the order of their ranks, describing a specific parent-child relationship, viz. child trusts parent. However, owing to the presence of positive as well as negative interactions in signed networks, deriving such "trust hierarchies" is a non-trivial challenge. We argue that traditional notions (of unsigned networks) are insufficient to derive hierarchies that are latent within signed networks In order to build hierarchies in signed networks, we look at two interpretations of trust namely presence of trust (or "good") and lack of distrust (or "not bad"). In order to develop a hierarchy signifying both trust and distrust effectively, the above interpretations are combined together for calculating the overall trustworthiness (termed as deserve) of actors. The actors are then arranged in a hierarchical fashion based on these aggregate deserve values, according to the following hypothesis: actor v is assigned as a child of actor u if: (i) v trusts u, and (ii) u has a higher deserve value than v. We describe this hypothesis with additional qualifiers in this thesis.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

Purpose: The present study is a descriptive research on the content of sex education conducted at home by the mothers of young children who are attending five kindergartens located in Busan, Korea. This study aims to provide basic materials for systematic sex education at home and in the school. Method: Based on the literature review and prior researches, the writer made a questionnaire consisting of 30 items regarding necessities, contents and difficulties of sex education. The 307 questionnaires were collected out of 480 which were distributed by the kindergarten teachers. Data was analysed with frequency and percentage using the SPSS Win 10.0 Program. The main subjects of the study were mothers in their thirties, who understood the necessity of sex education. However, they were lack of enough sexual knowledge in accordance with the transforming sexual culture and lack of suitable materials. They did not plan to educate their children according to their developmental stages, but just taught them verbally rather than using common materials for the situation. Result Regarding the origin of life that children often asks, mothers did not give a scientific and correct response to satisfy their curiosity about sex, saying that a baby was created after marrying a loved one. While more mothers than the prior research responded correctly to the queries of the path of delivery, some mothers did not. It may cause some children to suppress the questions, which may result a distorted sexual knowledge. That is because mothers understood that sex education was to deliver sexual knowledge, but not realized that sex education was a human education carried out throughout life. Mothers fell short of sexual knowledge, capability, and confidence, comparing with swift social changes and children's capacity. As a result, it is necessary to inspire sexual awareness into mothers and educate them through training. It is also needed to secure a training program similar to a teacher training program. Conclusion: It is essential to develop and to provide evaluation tools as well as proper materials in accordance with the children's developmental stage, so that organic management system among home, education institute and society must lead sex education Further, it is necessary to provide teaching methods and materials to mothers regularly, so that the school and home may conduct sex education together to cope with difficulties.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-66
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• 2020

This study analyzed Korean children's books that include ethnically and racially diverse characters, focusing on representation of ethnic minority and cultural sensitivity. Drawing from fiction recommendations by Happy Morning Reading from 2005 to 2017, only 32 books out of 3,214 books, less than 1%, include people with racially and ethnically diverse background. Among the 32 books, 23 featured educative messages inspired by the belief of social justice; four could be categorized as so-called 'melting pot' books, five depicted stories featuring characters that respect different cultures from their own. The issue tackled in the stories differed with the economical standing of the character's country of origin. When a character or her/his parent is from a developing country, the main issues of the book were racial discrimination, bullying, hostility against foreign-born parents, or harsh experience of migrant workers. On the other hand, when a character or her/his parent is from a developed country, the plots often surround the character's hopes, wishes, or personal worries. Only one book was illustrated by a person with immigration background; the others were all written and illustrated by Koreans with no immigration background.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

As an attempt to determine the identity of the old trees of flowering cherries planted in the yard of the Catholic Archdiocese of Daegu, we conducted comparative phylogenetic analyses between wild and cultivated Prunus yedoensis Matsum. We generated the phylogeny (MP) and haplotype network (TCS) of 25 individuals, including wild P. yedoensis, from Jeju Island, cultivated P. ${\times}$yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino' from Korea and Japan, and P. spachiana f. ascendens (Makino) Kitam. from Jeju Island and Japan based on highly informative sequences of two cpDNA regions (rpl16 gene and trnS-trnG intergenic spacer). The wild and cultivated P. yedoensis were distinguished from each other in both the phylogeny and haplotype networks, and the old flowering cherry trees in Daegu had a cpDNA haplotype identical to that of the cultivated P. ${\times}$yedoensis 'Someiyoshino'. Compared to the cultivated P. ${\times}$yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino', wild P. yedoensis appears to have greater haplotype diversity, presumably originating from the genetic diversity of P. spachiana f. ascendens that functioned as a maternal parent in the hybrid origin of wild P. yedoensis. A future detailed study requires extensive sampling of P. spachiana f. ascendens from Japan and Korea to determine their precise phylogenetic relationships relative to wild and cultivated P. yedoensis. We concluded that the old flowering cherry trees planted in the yard of the Catholic Archdiocese of Daegu are highly likely to be of cultivated origin rather than wild types from Jeju Island, as previously speculated.