• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2022

Background: The PyeongChang 2018 Winter Paralympic Games (WPG) being one of the most successful Paralympic Games (PG) in modern athletic world history, hosted the largest number of elite athletes representing 49 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs). Objects: The present investigation highlighted the demographic and clinical characteristics of injured athletes and non-athletes and the physiotherapy services provided during the PyeongChang 2018 WPG. Methods: Prospective descriptive epidemiology study, in which the study group comprised of 201 participants (51 athletes and 150 non-athletes) who were admitted to and utilized the polyclinic physiotherapy service of 2018 PyeongChang WPG in Physiotherapy Department of Paralympic Village from March 1, 2018 to March 20, 2018. Results: Qualitative frequency analysis of injury type demonstrated highest number of chronic injuries (51%, n = 100) in athletes and non-athletes. Anatomical injury site analysis revealed that the spine and shoulder areas were affected with equal frequency for athletes (54.9%, n = 14), whereas for non-athletes, the frequencies of spine and shoulder area injuries were 36.7% (n = 55) and 26% (n = 39), respectively. The Pyeongchang WPG showed a high rate of athletes visiting the physiotherapy service during the pre-competition period (33.3%, n = 50), which may have led to smaller incidence rate of traumatic injury. The physiotherapy treatment service analysis demonstrated that manual therapy (35.4%, n = 230) was most commonly utilized, followed by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation/interference current therapy (TENS/ICT), therapeutic massage and therapeutic exercise. Conclusion: We established the importance of prophylactic and preventive physiotherapy services to reduce the risk of sports injuries during WPG.

• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.163-178
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• 2022

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of retrieved horizontal winds with different quality control methods from three Doppler lidars deployed over the complex terrain during the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic games. To retrieve the accurate wind profile, this study also proposes two quality control methods to distinguish between meteorological signals and noises in the Doppler velocity field, which can be broadly applied to different Doppler lidars. We evaluated the accuracy of retrieved winds with the wind measurements from the nearby or collocated rawinsondes. The retrieved wind speed and direction show a good agreement with rawinsonde with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.9. This study minimized the sampling error in the wind evaluation and estimation, and found that the accuracy of retrieved winds can reach ~0.6 m s^-1 and 3° in the quasi-homogeneous wind condition. We expect that the retrieved horizontal winds can be used in the high-resolution analysis of the horizontal winds and provide an accurate wind profile for model evaluation or data assimilation purposes.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2019

In this study, the effect of gamified disability awareness program was researched to examine its potential to be used as a disability awareness curriculum particular to Korean schools. The gamified program consisted of lessons related to disability skiing such as learning about Paralympic skier, experiencing mono skis, and participating in cooperative games. To examine its effectiveness, Multidimensional Attitudes Scale towards persons with disabilities (MAS) was used. Results indicate that the attitude of the experiment group showed significant change.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.235-240
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the texts of the mass media reported mainly on the hosting of the Seoul Ferrules and the upcoming Pyeongchang Paralympics in Korea, and to present the interest of the current paralympics and future development directions of the paralympics. First, the broadcasting / communication sector accounted for 21%, and second, the intellectual disability was more than twice as much as the mental retardation. In conclusion, it is expected that positive and continuous reporting and analysis will be needed through the quantitative growth of mass media.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the injury and rehabilitation of athletes with disabilities in racket sports projects (i.e., badminton, table tennis, and wheelchair tennis). In addition, the characteristics of each project and the differences among those projects are discussed. Methods: Business team athletes with disabilities in racket sport were enrolled as subjects (i.e., 19 badminton athletes, 19 table tennis athletes, and 19 wheelchair tennis athletes). The real conditions of the injury, injury severity, injury site, symptoms, and rehabilitation methods after injury were analyzed. Results: No significant differences were observed among the actual condition, injury severity, symptoms and the methods of rehabilitation on racket sport for athletes (i.e., badminton, table tennis, and wheelchair tennis athletes) with disability. The differences were focused mainly on the injury sites due to the characteristics of the different projects, and specific technical actions. Conclusion: This study examined the real condition of the injury, injury severity, injury site, symptoms and rehabilitation methods after the injury on the rackets (i.e., badminton, table tennis, and wheelchair tennis) athletes with disabilities. The data can be used to eliminate the incidence of injury and minimize the injury severity for racket athletes with disabilities. In addition, it can also be used for the disabled, who like racket projects, as the fundamental material to prevent injury and assist in recovery.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2018

Design is already an integral part of our lives and is in many different forms. Creating a variety of designs has made it more important to establish the value of the design, and maintaining consistency through correct use and distribution of the developed design as important as development. The 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games and the Winter Paralympics, which were held at the groval level, played an important role in creating and operating diverse contents to promote Korea to the world. He created emblems with the motif of " Hangul, " which can reflect Korean characteristics, and a mascot that reveals the identity of the competition. The generated contents were created as design guides for the convenience of users (sponsors, media, relevant agencies, etc.) and managed through the Design Distribution System (DDS). The researcher wants to determine the effectiveness and value of the design distribution and management system based on the results obtained by operating the DDS of POCOG.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1114-1121
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypobarichypoxic training program on competitive performance. This was done by observing their conditioning and measuring their blood constituents before and after a multi-staged intermittent training program, over 2 weeks. Three national handicapped cyclists were placed in a multi-leveled hypobaric-hypoxic (flat-4000 meter (m) high elevation) environment with consistent temperature and humidity ($23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}5%$) for 2 weeks. After the training, the blood constituents and average heart rate (HR) were measured and the following results were obtained. In all three athletes, there were no unique changes in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, while there was a rise in the reticulocyte count. Observations of the difference in average HR during exercise at varying altitudes showed that athlete A had an average increase in the HR for the first 5 days at 2000 m. For athlete B, the comparison of the first and last training sessions at an altitude of 2000 m showed an HR increase of approximately 17%. For athlete C, there was a steady increase in the HR until day 7 of the training. As such, hypobaric-hypoxic training suggested that improvement of aerobic exercise performance in these athletes and it is recommended that there be a development for future training programs at high altitude, geared towards handicapped athletes of various disciplines.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1641-1648
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• 2017

Many researchers had examined the validity of using the high-to-low ratio between two fixed frequency band amplitudes (H/L-FFB) from the surface electromyography of a face and body as the first spectral index to assess muscle fatigue. Despite these studies, the disadvantage of this index is the lack of a criterion for choosing the optimal border frequency. We tested the potential of using the high-to-low ratio between two signal spectral moments (H/L-SSM), without fixed border frequencies, to evaluate muscle fatigue and predict endurance time ($T_{end}$), which was determined when the subject was exhausted and could no longer follow the fixed contraction cycle. Ten healthy participants performed five sets of voluntary isotonic contractions until they could only produce 10% and 20% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The $T_{end}$ values for all participants were $138{\pm}35s$ at 10% MVC and $69{\pm}20s$ at 20% MVC. Changes in conventional spectral indices, such as the mean power frequency (MPF), Dimitrov spectral index (DSI), H/L-FFB, and H/L-SSM, were extracted from surface EMG signals and were monitored using the initial slope computed every 10% of $T_{end}$ as a statistical indicator and compared as a predictor of $T_{end}$. Significant correlations were found between $T_{end}$ and the initial H/L-SSM slope as computed over 30% of $T_{end}$. In conclusion, initial H/L-SSM slope can be used to describe changes in the spectral content of surface EMG signals and can be employed as a good predictor of $T_{end}$ compared to that of conventional spectral indices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.691-700
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• 2016

This study was performed to provide data for developing a more effective and practical pilates exercise program for young women. To meet this purpose, 20 young women were assigned to both groups. The experiment was conducted according to the experimental procedure. Ten subjects in the pilates exercise group performed exercise for 60 minutes everyday at a frequency of 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The subjects in both groups were measured for their physical composition, isokinetic muscular strength in legs, and body balance before and after the experiment. After 8 weeks, the pilates exercise group's body composition showed significantly increased muscular amount (p <.01). There was a statistical increase in knee joint muscle function. For the right knee joint and left knee joint, right knee joint extensor muscle's maximum muscular strength and total work significantly increased under conditions of $60^{\circ}/sec$ (p<.05). Under conditions of $180^{\circ}/sec$, there were statistically significant increases in left knee joint flexor muscle's maximum muscular strength (p<.05). For balance, balance of both legs and right leg showed statistically increases (p<.05).

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.369-382
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• 2018

Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), produced by the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS), was verified using RawinSonde (RS) data obtained from observation at Daegwallyeong (DGW) and Sokcho (SCW) during the International Collaborative Experiments for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic winter games (ICE-POP 2018). The PBLH was calculated using RS data by applying the bulk Richardson number and the parcel method. This calculated PBLH was then compared to the values produced by LDAPS. The PBLH simulations for DGW and SCW were generally underestimation. However, the PBLH was an overestimation from surface to 200 m and 450 m at DGW and SCW, respectively; this result of model's failure to correctly simulate the Surface Boundary Layer (SBL) and the Mixing Layer (ML) as the PBLH. When the accuracy of the PBLH simulation is low, large errors are seen in the mid- and low-level humidity. The highest frequencies of Planetary boundary layer (PBL) types, calculated by the LDAPS at DGW and SCW, were presented as types Ι and II, respectively. Analysis of meteorological factors according to the PBL types indicate that the PBLH of the existing stratocumulus were overestimated when the mid- and low-level humidity errors were large. If the instabilities of the surface and vertical mixing into clouds are considered important factors affecting the estimation of PBLH into model, then mid- and low-level humidity should also be considered important factors influencing PBLH simulation performance.