• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.227-245
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• 1998

A most appropriate model of 3-D conformal radiotherapy has been induced by clinical evaluation and animal study, and therapeutic gains were evaluated by numerical equation of tumor control probability(TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). The radiation dose to the tumor and the adjacent normal organs was accurately evaluated and compared using the dose volume histogram(DVH). The TCP and NTCP was derived from the distribution of given dosage and irradiated volume, and these numbers were used as the biological index for the assessment of the treatment effects. Ten patients with liver disease have been evaluated and 3 dogs were sacrificed for this study. Based on the 3-D images of the tumor and adjacent organs, the optimum radiation dose and the projection direction which could maximize the radiation effect while minimizing the effects to the adjacent organs could be decided. 3). The most effective collimation for the normal adjacent organs was made through the beams eye view with the use of multileaf collimator. When the dose was increased from 50Gy to 70Gy, the TCP for the conventional 2-port radiation and the 5-port multidimensional therapy was 0.982 and 0.995 respectively, while the NTCP was 0.725 and 0.142 respectively, suggesting that the 3-D conformal radiotherapy might be the appropriate therapy to apply sufficient radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing the damages to the normal areas of the liver. Positive correlation was observed between the NTCP and the actual complication of the normal liver in the animal study. The present study suggest that the use of 3-D conformal radiotherapy and the application of the mathematical models of TCP and NTCP may provide the improvements in the treatment of hepatoma with enhanced results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6967-6972
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• 2015

Background: Cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing are common modes of consuming tobacco all over the world. Parents need to be aware that germ cell integrity is vital for birth of healthy offspring as biological parenting begins much before birth of a child and even before conception. The present study was conducted to determine the etiology of non-familial sporadic heritable retinoblastoma (NFSHRb), by evaluating oxidative sperm DNA damage in fathers due to use of tobacco (smoking and chewing). Materials and Methods: We recruited 145 fathers of NFSHRb children and 53 fathers of healthy children (controls) in the study. Tobacco history was obtained by personal interview. Seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in semen, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and 8 hydroxy 2' deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in sperm were evaluated. The RB1 gene was screened in genomic blood DNA of parents of children with NFSHRb and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) derived from conditional logistic regression models. Results: There was significant difference in the levels of ROS (p<0.05), DFI (p<0.05) and 8-OHdG (p<0.05) between tobacco users and non-users. The OR of NFSHRb for smokers was 7.29 (95%CI 2.9-34.5, p<0.01), for tobacco chewers 4.75 (2.07-10.9, p<0.05) and for both 9.11 (3.79-39.2; p<0.01). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the adverse effect of tobacco on the paternal genome and how accumulation of oxidative damage in sperm DNA may contribute to the etiology of NFSHRb. In an ongoing parallel study in our laboratory, 11 of fathers who smoked underwent. Meditation and yoga interventions, showed significant decline in levels of highly mutagenic oxidised DNA adducts after 6 months. Thus our lifestyle and social habits impact sperm DNA integrity and simple interventions like yoga and meditation are therapeutic for oxidative damage to sperm DNA.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.713-718
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies have indicated that university students majoring in nutrition and dietetics or sport sciences may have more obsessions associated with eating attitudes and body shape perception compared to other disciplines i.e. social sciences. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the risk of eating disorders and body shape perception. MATERIALS/METHODS: Data was collected from 773 undergraduate students at the Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics (NDD) (n = 254), Physical Education and Sports (PESD) (n = 263), and Social Sciences (SOC) (n = 256).A socio-demographic and personal information questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), Perceived Figure Rating Scale (FRS) were applied; and body weights and heights were measured. RESULTS: Mean EAT-40 scores showed that, both male and female students of PESD had the highest scores ($7.4{\pm}11.6$) compared with NDD ($14.3{\pm}8.3$) and SOC ($13.0{\pm}6.2$) (P < 0.05). According to EAT-40 classification, high risk in abnormal eating behavior was more in PESD (10.7%) compared to NDD (2.9%) and SOC (0.4%) students (P < 0.05). Students of PESD, who skipped meal, had higher tendency to the risk of eating disorders (P < 0.05). In parallel, body shape perception was found to be marked with higher scores in NDD ($72.0{\pm}28.7$) and PESD ($71.5{\pm}32.8$) compared with SOC ($64.2{\pm}27.5$) students (P < 0.05). Considering BSQ-34 classification, high concern (moderate and marked) for body shape were more in PESD (7.4 %) compared to NDD (5.2%) and SOC (1.9%) students (P < 0.05). The body size judgement via obtained by the FRS scale were generally correlated with BMI. The Body Mass Index levels were in normal range (Mean BMI: $21.9{\pm}2.8kg/m^2$) and generally consistent with FRS data. CONCLUSIONS: Tendency to the abnormal eating behavior and substantial body shape perception were higher in PESD students who have more concern on body shape and were not well-educated about nutrition. In conclusion, substantial concern on physical appearance might affect eating behavior disorders in PESD students.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 1995

This paper develops practical and reallstic reliabllity models and methods for the evaluation of system rehability and system rellabllity based ratlng of R.C box glrder bridge superstructures. The precise prediction of reberved carrying capacity of bridge as d system is extremely difficult especially when the brldges are highly redundant and slgnlficantly deter 1or;itcd or dainagetl. Thls papel proposes a nt2w approach for the evaluation of reseived system c,drrying capaaty of br~dges in terms ot equ~vdleiit system strength, which may b~ ddcflned as a brtdge system strength correipcmdlng tu the system rehability of the bridge. This cm be ticrAvcd from an Inverse process bami or1 the con~ept of FOSM(F1rst Order Second Moment) form of system reliabihty index. The sf rength llmt state models for K C box girder br~dges suggested In the paper dre based on the basi~ bending and shear strength And thc system reliatxllty pro,~lerri of box gritier super structure 1s formuldted as parallel serles models obtalncd f ~ o m thc FMA(Fdilure blode Rp proath) based on major failure mc>clmusrns or c~itlcal fdure ,>tatcs of each nuder .WOSM(Ad-vanced First Order Second Moment) and IST(1mportance Sampling Technique) simulation algorithm are used for the reliability analysis of the proposed models.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2003

Background: There is abundance of studies on the decrease in body fat through limited calorie intake or exercise; however, studies focusing simultaneously on functional foods and exercise are rare. This study was aimed to identify the effects of combination of a functional beverage and exercise on body composition and biochemical metabolic profiles. Method: Eighty-one healthy volunteers (69 females aged 19 to 50 years and 12 males aged 19 to 55 years), who maintained their body weight stable with 23 or higher in BMI (kg/$m^2$) and 25% or higher body fat for the last three months, were recruited in the study through written advertisement. All the subjects gave their informed consent, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel group design. All participants were given 12-week programed-exercise, which was performed 3 times a week. One bottle (100 ml) of test (Garcinia cambogia 300 mg, L-carnitine 20 mg, Soy peptide 1,000 mg) or placebo solution was given daily 30 min before each session of programed-exercise. BMI (body mass index), %fat, local fat amount (visceral and mid-thigh), waist circumference, skin fold thickness and some biochemical metabolic parameters like glucose, insulin and free fatty acids, etc in the blood were measured and compared before and after 12-week intervention within groups as well as between groups according to the protocol Results: Twenty six volunteers were dropped out and fifty five volunteers completed the study. At the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks, approximately 1.98%, 3.00% and 3.50% losses of initial body weight were observed, respectively, in the test group (P<0.01), and 0.29, % ,0.74%, 1.60%, respectively, in the placebo group (P>0.05). BMI changed by 2.40%, 3.41% and 4.46%, respectively, in the test group, and 0.38%, 0.95% and 1.75%, respectively, in the placebo group, at each period of time. The reductions of body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the test group than in the placebo group at each period of time (P<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that the combination of functional beverage, which contains mostly garcinia cambogia, L-carnitine, and soy peptide, and exercise have synergy effects on reducing body fat.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2008

The Carved Buddhist Triad on Rock-cliff in Sinarnri (Treasure No. 680) consists of biotite granodiorite, which were positively carved on fore and west planes of four subvertical cliffs by two joint sets of NE-SW and NNW-SSE directions. The cliffs are $N50^{\circ}E\;85^{\circ}SE$ in fore plane, $N25^{\circ}W\;90^{\circ}$ in west plane, $N40{\sim}50^{\circ}E\; 82{\sim}85^{\circ}NW$, back plane, $N20^{\circ}W\;75^{\circ}SW$ in east plane, which are parallel to two joint sets of NE-SW and NNW-SSE directions in geology around it. The chemical index of alteration ranges 60.3 to 62.0 from the major elements in the rock that was weathered into producing kaolin minerals from alteration of feldspars and biotite. The Buddhist image has been deteriorated into joints, brown rusts, discolorations and granular disintegrations by such deterioration causes as deformation, moisture, temperature variation and microorganic living. The moisture, which leaks from groundwater in the rock, dissolve to decompose minerals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.669-678
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• 2018

This study developed information technology infrastructures for building a driving environment analysis platform using various big data, such as vehicle sensing data, public data, etc. First, a small platform server with a parallel structure for big data distribution processing was developed with H/W technology. Next, programs for big data collection/storage, processing/analysis, and information visualization were developed with S/W technology. The collection S/W was developed as a collection interface using Kafka, Flume, and Sqoop. The storage S/W was developed to be divided into a Hadoop distributed file system and Cassandra DB according to the utilization of data. Processing S/W was developed for spatial unit matching and time interval interpolation/aggregation of the collected data by applying the grid index method. An analysis S/W was developed as an analytical tool based on the Zeppelin notebook for the application and evaluation of a development algorithm. Finally, Information Visualization S/W was developed as a Web GIS engine program for providing various driving environment information and visualization. As a result of the performance evaluation, the number of executors, the optimal memory capacity, and number of cores for the development server were derived, and the computation performance was superior to that of the other cloud computing.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2007

In network intrusion prevention, attack packets are detected and filtered out based on their attack signatures. Pattern matching is extensively used to find attack signatures and the most time-consuming execution part of Network Intrusion Prevention Systems(NIPS). Pattern matching is usually accelerated by hardware and should be performed at wire speed in NIPS. However, that alone is not good enough. First, pattern matching hardware should be able to generate sufficient pattern match information including the pattern index number and the location of the match found at wire speed. Second, it should support pattern grouping to reduce unnecessary pattern matches. Third, it should always have a constant worst-case performance even if the number of patterns is increased. Finally it should be able to update patterns in a few minutes or seconds without stopping its operations, We propose a system architecture to meet the above requirement. The system architecture can process multiple pattern characters in parallel and employs a pipeline architecture to achieve high speed. Using Xilinx FPGA simulation, we show that the new system stales well to achieve a high speed oner 10Gbps and satisfies all of the above requirements.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.261-289
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• 2011

This study has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the elderly employment programs through change of social capital by understanding how the elderly employment programs in the elderly employment policy of Korea has effected the change of social capital. The method of research was to design the research in the nonequivalent control groups design from the quasi-experimental design for the 500 elderly who participated and 250 who have not participated in the elderly employment programs through distributing structured questionnaire by classifying into before and after the project during 7 months from March 1, 2010 to September 30, 2010 to those above 65 living in Changwon. The social capital which is an important variable among the measurement index of the study has been set as trust, network, and social participation fields based on the aforementioned theoretic background. When the fact that there is a partial difference in the change of social capital of the elderly according to the participation in the elderly employment programs and the timing (before/after) is looked at in terms of change of social capital after controlling the general character of the elderly and the pre-score, there are differences per timing according to the participation in the elderly employment programs. Thus, the participation in the elderly employment programs had a significant difference in the change of social capital. It is possible to see that the trust, network, and social participation of the social capital all increased in the elderly with difficulties in their living status. It can be seen that the participation in the elderly employment programs brings forth increase of social capital for the elderly with difficulties in their living status. Among the social capitals, the elderly who participated in the elderly employment programs showed that the trust increased the most. Consequently, in order to increase the comprehensive social capital, the programs must be carried out focused on the vulnerable class in parallel to the elderly employment programs for the general elderly of other classes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.352-363
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• 2004

Lipid-lowering effects of the inulin have been demonstrated in animal, yet attempts to reproduce similar effects in humans have generated conflicting results. In this study, the lipid-lowering potential of inulin and especially its effect on bile acid and neutral sterol excretion were investigated in Korean postmenopausal women. Nineteen postmenopausal women were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blind parallel design and consumed one of two supplements for 12 weeks; placebo of 8g maltodextrins/sucrose mixture (placebo group) or 8g inulin (inulin group). There were no significant changes in body weight during the supplementation period in either inulin or placebo group. Dietary consumption of animal fat in both group tended to decrease after 12 weeks of experiment. Intake of cholesterol was lower in placebo group, whereas the decrease of cholesterol intake in inulin group did not reach statistical significance after 12 weeks. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased in both placebo (p＜0.05) and inulin group (p＜0.01) after supplementation for 12 weeks compared with the baseline. The levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significantly affected by inulin supplements, but atherogenic index (AI) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (LHR) as a predictor for coronary heart disease were improved (p＜0.01) significantly after inulin supplementation. Therefore, inulin supplement may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease via improving blood cholesterol level. Fecal weight and pH were not changed after 12 weeks of supplementation. There were no statistically significant changes for the fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In inulin group, fecal deoxycholic acid (DCA) was significantly lowered compared with the baseline (p＜0.05) whereas other bile acids were not changed. During the 12 weeks of intervention, no differences were found in fecal excretion of neutral sterol in the two groups. In summary, dietary inulin decreases serum TC, LDL-C, AI, LHR and lowers excretion of fecal DCA in the Korean postmenopausal women. These results support the use of inulin for reducing risk factors for hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women. However, the exact mechanism (s) responsible for the blood lipid lowering action of inulin including altered fecal bile acid remain to be elucidated.