• 수면정신생리
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

Sleep disturbance is a one of common complaints among patients with panic disorder. However, clinicians and researchers did not give much attention to the sleep symptoms of panic disorder yet. Several previous studies suggested that the sleep disturbance in panic disorder is mediated by nocturnal panic attack. In terms of the pathophysiology of panic disorder, nocturnal panic attack seems to be closely associated with the sleep problems in panic disorder. In this article, the authors reviewed various previous studies about sleep of panic disorder and intended to give importance of evaluating sleep disturbances and nocturnal panic attack in panic disorder for both clinical and research purpose.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2006

Panic disorder is a relatively common psychiatric illness (life time prevalence 3.5%), and it is known that 91% of patients with panic disorder have at least one other psychiatric disorder. And patients with panic disorder, who have coexisting generalized anxiety disorder, tend to have more severe symptoms and less favorable outcome and respond less well to psychological and pharmacologic treatment. The authors report a 51-year old male who was previously diagnosed as panic disorder in the out-patient clinic, showed poor response to antipanic treatment. However, he showed great improvement after he was treated for panic disorder and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. This case report showed that more effort to identify comorbid conditions is needed in panic disorder patients and the effectiveness of venlafaxine in the treatment of panic disorder with generalized anxiety disorder.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

Objectives:This study was performed to investigate the differences of the clinical feature between panic disorder with agoraphobic patients and panic disorder without agoraphobic patients. Methods:Two hundred nine patients meeting the criteria of DSM-IV panic disorder were recruited. One group was panic disorder with agoraphobia(n=78, 42 male(53.8%), mean age $37.6{\pm}9.9$ years), another was panic disorder without agoraphobia(n=131, 81 male(61.8%), mean age $40.5{\pm}10.3$ years). The numbers and frequency of panic symptoms were compared between two groups with t-test, and the logistic regression analysis were used for predicting panic disorder with agoraphobia. Results:The number of panic symptoms during panic attack was significantly higher in the group of panic disorder with agoraphobia than the group of panic disorder without agoraphobia(p<0.05).'Sweating','nausea or abdominal distress','fear of losing control of going crazy','chills or hot flushes'were more frequent in the group of panic disorder with agoraphobia(p<0.05). Among panic symptoms on logistic regression analysis,'sweating',' nausea or abdominal distress','fear of losing control or going crazy'turned out to correlate significantly with risk of development of agoraphobia in panic disorder. Conclusion:These results suggest that the frequency of some symptoms during panic attack may be a predictor of agoraphobia in patients with panic disorder.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

Panic disorder is a common psychiatric illness that causes considerable morbidity. However, the biological basis of panic disorder remains unclear. In this report, we present and summarize the current literature on functional neuroimaging studies related to the neurobiology of panic disorder. The findings were summarized and divided into six groups : (1) known brain structures related to anxiety, especially panic disorder ; (2) structural results ; (3) functional imaging studies at rest ; (4) functional imaging studies with challenge testing ; (5) neuroreceptor studies ; and (6) changes in the treatment of panic disorder. Based on the findings of these neuroimaging studies, it seems as though panic disorder involves the hippocampal and parahippocampal areas, including the amygdala, as well as some cortical regions, such as the temporal and prefrontal cortices. Panic disorder is known to be associated with an imbalance between the right and left hemispheres of the brain at rest or during panic attacks. During a panic attack, patients with panic disorder are likely to experience an increase in local activity in the cingulate, insula, midbrain, and so on. On the other hand, a widespread reduction in the cortical areas has also been reported in most provocation studies. Thus, panic disorder may be related to the excess activation of the fear networks in response to subtle environmental cues and insufficient inhibition from higher cortical control areas ; however ; further studies are recommended in order to fully understand the neurobiology of panic disorder.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

상황 인식 환경에서 공황장애의 증상을 추출하고자 일상생활을 통해 자연스런 음직임에서 발생하는 신체 상황정보를 추출하여 공황장애의 구성요소를 찾아내고 온톨로지 이론을 적용하여 의미를 추론 과정을 거쳐 공황장애에 증상의 정도에 대해 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 온톨로지 기반의 정보 처리를 위해 공황장애의 구성요소는 클래스로 정의하고 공황장애의 상태를 이해할 수 있도록 온톨로지 모델링을 통해 공황장애지수를 도출하였다. 공황장애 구성요소와 공황장애 지수의 도출은 공황장애에 대한 상황 인식 기반의 정보 서비스를 가능할 것이며, 상황인식 기반 디바이스와 결합되어 상황정보는 주기적으로 동기화된다. 공황장애 지수의 결과를 관찰할 수 있으며 공황장애의 요인이 되는 생활습관을 개선하는데 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to report the effects of oriental demonstration treatment for Panic Disorder. Panic Disorder is an anxiety disorder, characterized by panic attacks which are recurring episodes of fear accompanied by somatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, choking, dizziness, trembling and/or faintness. Objectives: We experienced one case of Panic Disorder treated with Asian medical treatment, acupuncture and herbal medication. 20-year-old female patient suffered from Panic Disorder with nausea and insomnia. Methods: Shihosogantang-gami had been applied to the patient. Results: After treatment her Panic Disorder was improved. Conclusions: Shihosogantang -gami of Asian medical treatment could be safe and effective.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2015

Objectives The principal aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristic depressive symptoms in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder in comparison to patients with depressive disorder. Methods This study included 132 patients with SAD, 128 panic disorder and 64 depressive disorder (major depressive disorder, dysthymia etc.) patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders. The Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) is used to measure depressive symptoms. We divided BDI into three categories originally described by Shafer AB, including negative attitude toward self, performance impairment, and somatic symptoms. We compared the depressive symptoms of SAD, panic disorder and depressive disorder by using ANOVA. Results Negative attitude toward self was noticeable in SAD (SAD $0.54{\pm}0.23$, panic disorder $0.41{\pm}0.17$, depressive disorder $0.46{\pm}0.11$, p < 0.001). Performance impairment and somatic symptoms were remarkable in panic disorder than in SAD and depressive disorder (performance impairment : SAD $0.39{\pm}0.21$, panic disorder $0.44{\pm}0.14$, depressive disorder $0.40{\pm}0.09$, p = 0.009 ; somatic symptoms : SAD $0.07{\pm}0.10$, panic disorder $0.15{\pm}0.12$, depressive disorder $0.14{\pm}0.08$, p < 0.001). Conclusions The results facilitate an approach to optimal treatment for patients with comorbidity of anxiety disorder and depression.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

Objective : This case report show the effect of Yonggyechulgam-tang on Panic disorder. Methods : The patient was diagnosed Panic disorder based on DSM-5. According to Shanghanlun six meridian patterns diagnostic system, the patient treated with Yonggyechulgam-tang for 4 months. The level of panic disorder was evaluated by VAS and BAI. Results : After the treatment, VAS and BAI decreased $10{\rightarrow}2$, $42{\rightarrow}4$ each. Conclusions : Yonggyechulgam-tang improved the symptoms of Panic disorder on this study. Although Yonggyechulgam-tang is not an usual treatment for Panic disorder, we could prescribe the medicine due to Shanghanlun six meridian patterns diagnostic system.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

Objective : Panic disorders are frequently accompanied by major depressive disorder (MDD). There is insufficient information about which clinical factors in panic disorder are associated with comorbid MDD. The aim of this study is to identify clinical factors related with comorbid MDD in patients with panic disorder. Methods : Two experienced psychiatrists diagnosed panic disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. This diagnosis in the 275 subjects was confirmed again by Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Lifetime comorbid psychiatric diagnoses were examined by MINI. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were used to assess the severity of depressive, anxiety and panic symptoms. Results : The result of MINI showed that 95 patients (34%) with panic disorder satisfied the diagnosis of MDD. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the symptom of "fear of losing control or going crazy" were associated with MDD in patients with panic disorder. In female patients, the "chills or hot flushes" symptom was also associated with comorbid MDD. Conclusion : These results showed that coexisting GAD and certain symptoms of panic are associated with comorbid MDD.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2016

Objectives We investigated whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and serotonin related gene polymorphisms may be associated with agoraphobia in patients with panic disorder in Korea. Methods The COMT gene (rs4680), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) gene (rs25531), serotonin receptor 1A (HTR1A) gene (rs6295) genotypes were analyzed in 406 patients with panic disorder and age-sex matched 206 healthy controls. Patients with panic disorder were dichotomized by the presence of agoraphobia. The following instruments were applied : the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Results There was a significant difference in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotype between panic patients with agoraphobia and without agoraphobia (p = 0.024). That is, the panic patients with agoraphobia had a significant excess of the less active 5-HTTLPR allele (S allele). (p = 0.039) Also, we replicated previous western reports which indicated a significant difference in the distribution of COMT genotype between the patients with panic disorder and the healthy controls (p = 0.040). However, no significant associations of agora-phobia or panic disorder with HTR1A gene polymorphisms were found. Conclusions This result supports that the COMT polymorphisms may be associated with panic disorder and suggests that the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of agoraphobia in the Korean patients with panic disorder.