• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2016

The fixed effects panel probit model faces "incidental parameters problem" because it has a property that the number of parameters to be estimated will increase with sample size. The maximum likelihood estimation fails to give a consistent estimator of slope parameter. Unlike the panel regression model, it is not feasible to find an orthogonal reparameterization of fixed effects to get a consistent estimator. In this note, a hierarchical Bayesian model is proposed. The model is essentially equivalent to the frequentist's random effects model, but the individual specific effects are estimable with the help of Gibbs sampling. The Bayesian estimator is shown to reduce reduced the small sample bias. The maximum likelihood estimator in the random effects model is also efficient, which contradicts Green (2004)'s conclusion.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2014

We introduce a MCMC sampling for a generalized linear normal random effects model with the ordered probit link function based on latent variables from suitable truncated normal distribution. Such models have proven useful in practice and we have observed numerically reasonable results in the estimation of fixed effects when the random effect term is provided. Applications that utilize Korean Welfare Panel Study data can be difficult to model; subsequently, we find that an ordered probit model with the random effects leads to an improved analyses with more accurate and precise inferences.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.75-95
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• 2002

본 연구는 빈곤과 실업의 결정요인과 상호관계를 살펴보고, 복지정책의 효과를 분석해 본다. 특히, 빈곤가구와 가구주의 특성, 가구주의 경제활동상태 변화 및 이들 변수에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 분석해 본다. probit 모형과 bivariate probit 모형을 이용한 실증분석 결과, 빈곤의 주된 원인으로 실업이 작용했고, 가구월수, 가구주의 연령 및 저학력 등도 원인으로 작용했음이 밝혀졌다. 사회보험 수급 등을 포함하는 복지정책은 이러한 실업이 빈곤에 미치는 영향을 축소시키는 요인으로 역할하고 있음이 추정 결과 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 선택모형을 이용하여 소비자패널자료를 분석함에 있어 시간의 흐름에 따라 동적(dynamic)으로 변화하는 소비자내부의 특성 차이를 반영한 특정소비자의 종적인 변화인 소비자동태성을 분석하였다. 선택모형 내에서 소비자동태성은 효용함수에 시변계수(time-varying coefficient)를 도입함으로써 표현될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 계층적모형(hierarchical model)과 상태공간모형(state-space model)에 기반하여 Random-Walk 계수를 지니는 이산프로빗모형을 개발하였고, 개발된 모형을 패널자료로부터 추정하기 위하여 Gibbs 표본법을 적용하였다. 모형추정결과 효용함수의 시변계수들에 유의한 소비자동태성이 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 소비자동태성이 존재할 경우 이에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서는 동적시장세분화가 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.413-439
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• 2009

This study conducts a survey and test to understand U.S. public's perception about multifunctionality. The questionnaire suggests seven alternative way of providing questions about intangible benefits provided by agriculture in the U.S. The final questionnaire was administered as an e-mail survey in June 2008 to a nationally representative household panel maintained in the U.S. by the Ipsos Observer. Data analysis shows that 64 percent of respondents considered the multifunctionality of agriculiture as an important issue and 45 percent of respondents were in favor of increasing government expenditure to support farmland preservation. Using Fishbein's multi-attribute model as a theoretical background, this paper develops an empirical model to assess and attributes of multifunctionality. For the analysis, bivariate orderd probit model was set up to reflect respondent's attitude. Regression analyses show that two questions (how much you agree with agriculture's intangible benefit and increasing government expenditure to support agriculture) are shaped by different sets of facts.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.124-140
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국노동패널(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, KLIPS) 제1차~제15차년도 자료와 환경부에서 제공하는 수질자료를 이용하여, 개인의 전반적인 생활만족도(life satisfaction)가 수질오염으로 대표되는 환경오염에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는가를 실증적으로 분석한 것이다. 서수적 순서를 가진 종속변수의 특성과 패널자료의 이질성을 감안하여 패널 확률효과 순서형 프로빗(panel random-effects ordered probit) 모형으로 추정하였다. 수질오염도를 반영하는 지표로는 생물화학적 산소요구량(biochemical oxygen demand, BOD), 총인(total phosphorus, TP) 농도를 사용하였다. 또한 기존의 연구에서와 같이 개인의 경제적 특성, 사회 인구학적 특성을 동시에 고려하였다. 분석 결과 BOD, TP 모두 개인의 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외 다른 변수들은 선행연구에서 나타난 결과와 유사하다. 자신의 소득 증가, 연령, 기혼, 자가주택 보유, 건강, 여성, 높은 교육수준은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 타인의 소득 증가, 실업자, 도시거주, 자영업자인 경우는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2019

Panel data sets have recently been developed in various areas, and many recent studies have analyzed panel, or longitudinal data sets. Often a dichotomous dependent variable occur in survival analysis, biomedical and epidemiological studies that is analyzed by a generalized linear mixed effects model (GLMM). The most common estimation method for the binary panel data may be the maximum likelihood (ML). Many statistical packages provide ML estimates; however, the estimates are computed from numerically approximated likelihood function. For instance, R packages, pglm (Croissant, 2017) approximate the likelihood function by the Gauss-Hermite quadratures, while Rchoice (Sarrias, Journal of Statistical Software, 74, 1-31, 2016) use a Monte Carlo integration method for the approximation. As a result, it can be observed that different packages give different results because of different numerical computation methods. In this note, we discuss the pros and cons of numerical methods compared with the exact computation method.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.62-80
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing the attitude toward the increasing role of private health insurance(PHI). In the Korea Welfare Panel Data 2007, a sample of 1,675 (adjusted by weight value: 1,607) respondents on an opinion on promoting PHI was used in the study. With independent variables including socio-demographic characteristics, health status, health-related behavior, and opinions on welfare service, ordered-probit model was used to analyze the attitude toward PHI. Negative opinion on the increasing role of PHI were responded by 54.6%(n=877) of the respondents, whereas 22.2%(n=373) were positive and 23.2%(n=357) were neutral. Old people, the better off, those with worse self-assessed health status, and those having an experience of health examination tend to have the positive attitude toward the increasing role of PHI. Women, those with chronic diseases or disorders and those who do not agree that comprehensive welfare benefits reduce work incentive showed negative attitude toward PHI. When comparing the needs for PHI before and after medical utilization, ex-ante need tends to strengthen the tendency to support private health insurance. This study will contribute to the discussion on the optimal mix of public and private health insurance in Korea by a better recognition of attitude toward PHI and health care system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

This study uses the panel probit model to investigate and evaluate the relationship between exchange rate regimes, political stability, and carbon dioxide during currency crises. To understand currency crisis times, we study a panel dataset of seven South Asian nations that contain annual observations from 1996 to 2020. Furthermore, we created the EMPI exchange market pressure indicator to detect crises. Our results strongly suggested that fixed exchange rate is negatively associated with currency crises, with good regulatory quality and better effective governments. Simultaneously, the floating exchange rate is positively related to the currency crises in those countries where the rule of law has less adequately flowed. However, CO₂, exports, and interest rates are buoyantly associated with crises. The floating exchange rate, the rule of law, exports, and interest rate are associated positively and contribute more prone to the crisis episodes. Negatively associated variables contributed less amid crises episodes: fixed exchange rate regime, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality. Meanwhile, CO₂ has a positive relationship with a currency crisis and contributes more likelihood to the probability of a currency crisis. Countries that adopted the fixed exchange rates with effective governments and regulatory quality faced more minor currency crises.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권6_3호
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• pp.1293-1302
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• 2022

The relationship between homeownership and participation in giving and volunteering overall indicates that homeowners are more likely to give and participate in volunteering organizations than renters. This study compared 'giving and participation in volunteering between homeowners(n=6,078) and renters(3,587) in the 14^th Korean Welfare Panel Survey data collected in 2019. The outcome measure of study is a binary outcome of giving and volunteering participation. This study accounted for a bias arising from selection on observables. Specifically, this study employed a recursive bivariate probit model to simultaneously estimate respondents' participation in giving and volunteering participation and their selection of homeownership. Findings from this study have provided some evidence that homeowners and renters have different behaviors in giving and volunteering participation. Finally, issues relating to homeownership and social outcomes were discussed. Implications for social work practice and research were further discussed.