• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.696-706
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to clarify the palatal forms through palatal curvatures of right to left, anterior to posterior direction, and difference of right and left palatal volumes in the primary and permanent dentition. Samples were consisted of normal occlusion of both dentition(50 males and 50 females each). Their upper plaster casts were used, measuring points were decided, through 3-dimensional laser scanning(3-D Laser Scanner, DS4060, LDI, U.S.A.), and fitting standard horizontal plane were made for measuring the height and sectioned volumes of palate. The results were as follows: 1. Palatal volume and height were greater at the right side of the palate in the primary and permanent dentition of male and female, but there was no significance. 2. Palatal height was greater in male compared to female, especially, there was significant difference at intercuspid, inter-second premolar area in the permanent dentition(P<0.05). 3. To the height of A-P direction of mid-palatal area, the highest point was 20mm in the primary dentition, 30mm in the permanent dentition from interdental papilla of central incisors. 4. Palatal height of inter-cuspid and inter-second premolar became shallow and broad, high and broad each, compared to inter-deciduous canine and inter-second deciduous molar.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.569-578
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to clarify the palatal arch length, width and height in the primary and permanent dentition. Samples were consisted of normal occlusions both in the primary dentition(50 males and 50 females) and in the permanent dentition(50 males and 50 females). With their upper plaster casts were used and through 3-dimensional laser scanning(3D Scanner, DS4060, LDI, U.S.A.), cloud data, polygonization, section curve and loft surface, fit and horizontal plane were based to measure the palatal arch length, width and height(Surfacer 10.0, Imageware, U.S.A.). T-tests were applied for the statistical analyze of the data. The results were as follows : 1. In the measurement values, the values of the male were higher than those of the female except primary anterior palatal height. There were not only statistically significant differences in anterior palatal width(p<0.05) and posterior palatal width(p<0.01) in primary dentition but palatal width(p<0.05), anterior palatal length(p<0.01), middle and posterior palatal length(p<0.05) in permanent dentition between male and female. 2. In the indices of palate, there were statistically significant differences in height-length index(p<0.05) and width-length index(p<0.01) between male and female in primary dentition. In permanent dentition, there was statistically difference between male and female. 3. In the measurement values, posterior palatal width was increased most greatly. Posterior palatal height, anterior palatal width and anterior palatal length were followed by descending order. On the other hand, anterior palatal height and posterior palatal length were decreased. 4. In the indices of palate, the height-length index, the width-length index and posterior height-width index were increased, but the others were decreased.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the palatal dimensions (volume, width, length, and height) in different malocclusions (Class I, II, and III) in mixed dentition using a three-dimensional digital scanner. The study was performed on 30 selected casts from 1400 casts that were taken at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Dankook University. Casts consisted of Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups in Hellman's dental age IIIA. The mean age was 8 years and 6 months ± 11 months. Each cast was scanned by three-dimensional digital scanner, Medit T710 (Medit, Seoul, Korea), and shaped into the three-dimensional image and calculated palatal dimensions using the Plan T program (SMD solution, Seoul, Korea). The values were statistically compared and evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney test. According to our results, subjects with Class II malocclusion showed lower palatal width and longer palatal length compared to those with Class I and Class III. For palatal height, Class III malocclusion subjects in mixed dentition exhibited a larger number than Class II and Class I. Lastly, for palatal volume, compared to other malocclusions, Class III showed higher results; however, there were no significant differences. The form of the palate differs in types of malocclusions and understanding of these differences is important in clinical significance. Based on this study, the understanding of the relationship between the shape of the palate and the skeletal pattern provides useful information about orthodontic treatment plans, early diagnosis of malocclusion, and morphological integration mechanisms. Orthopedic treatment in the maxilla should be performed during early and intermediate mixed dentition to enhance treatment efficiency.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.819-824
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• 1999

The purpose of this article is to present a clinical case report for palateless complete denture. Despite the contravacy of palatal uncoverage in upper complete denture, palateless complete denture has some merits for upper edentulous patient. Following the uncovering of the palatal portion, the patient became easy to talk and restored the lost good tastes. He is happy despite of the decrease of the retention of the upper complete denture. Palateless complete denture is a compatible alternative fir upper edentulous patients in cases of gagging, large palatal torus and restoring the lost good tastes. The clinical points are as follows : 1. The remaning alveolar ridge should be ovoid and have enough width and height for the sup-port and retention. 2. The patient must have strong wish to the palateless complete denture. 3. Palatal beading made on the palatal peripheral border give good border sealing of the palatal flange and minimaized the prominence of the denture flange 4. The peripheral border of the palatal flange should be reduced as thin as possible for more comfort. 5. Upper artificial posterior teeth should be arranged over the alveolar ridge crest and inner incline of the buccal cusp relieved for denture stability while chewing. 6. For stability of palateless complete denture, bilateral balanced occlusion should be sttained. Palateless complete denture will restore the lost good tastes and more comfortable and physiologic to upper edentulous patients and a good alternative to full palatal coverage complete denture in the properly selected cases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.313-322
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• 2017

Objective: Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) is a means for expanding the basal bone without surgical intervention in young adults. Here, we assessed the differences in dental, alveolar, and skeletal measurements taken before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 1 year after (T2) MARPE. Methods: Twenty-four patients (mean age, 21.6 years) who had undergone MARPE and cone-beam computed tomography at T0, T1, and T2 were included. Changes in the following parameters were compared using paired t-tests: intercusp, interapex, alveolar, nasal floor, and nasal cavity widths; inclination of the first molar (M1) and its alveolus; and thickness and height of the alveolar bone. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine variables that affected periodontal changes in the M1. Results: MARPE produced significant increases in most measurements during T0-T2, despite relapse of some measurements during T1-T2. The alveolar thickness decreased on the buccal side, but increased on the palatal side. The alveolar crest level at the first premolar moved apically. Changes in the thickness and height of the alveolar bone were affected by the corresponding initial values. Conclusions: MARPE can be used as an effective tool for correcting maxillomandibular transverse discrepancy, showing stable outcomes 1 year after expansion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.42-48
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• 1990

This is a case report on an unusual - heavy buccal frenum in young lady which was treated by frenectomy, vestibuloplasty and total-palatal mucosal free graft. The authors noticed that this abnormal condition lead several chronic complications in young patient as like as premature loss of upper molar teeth, early and rapid loss of alveolar bone around insertion of frenum, over - extended eruption of lower molar teeth and abnormal mandibular movements, etc. After frenectomy and surgical extension of buccal vestiblue on both upper and lower posterior regions, we obtained a full - sized palatal mucosal graft and moved it on upper and lower extension area seperately as two pieces of free grafts to offer inherent function of denture - bearing mucogingiva and same color - matching with oral mucosa and to prevent post - operative relapse of vestibular height. We discussed here about unusual abnormality and their complications of unusual buccal frenum and its treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.227-231
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• 2010

Purpose: The healing process following tooth extraction apparently results in a pronounced resorption of the alveolar ridge. As a result, the width of alveolar ridge is reduced and severe alveolar bone resorption occurs. The purpose of this experiment is to clinically and histologically evaluate the results of using horse-derived bone mineral for socket preservation. Methods: The study comprised 4 patients who were scheduled for extraction as a consequence of severe chronic periodontitis or apical lesion. The extraction was followed by socket preservation using horse-derived bone minerals. Clinical parameters included buccal-palatal width, mid-buccal crest height, and mid-palatal crest height. A histologic examination was conducted. Results: The surgical sites healed uneventfully. The mean ridge width was $7.75{\pm}2.75\;mm$ at baseline and $7.00{\pm}2.45\;mm$ at 6 months. The ridge width exhibited no significant difference between baseline and 6 months. The mean buccal crest height at baseline was $7.5{\pm}5.20\;mm$, and at 6 months, $3.50{\pm}0.58\;mm$. The mean palatal crest height at baseline was $7.75{\pm}3.10\;mm$, and at 6 months, $5.00{\pm}0.82\;mm$. There were no significant differences between baseline and 6 months regarding buccal and palatal crest heights. The amount of newly formed bone was $9.88{\pm}2.90%$, the amount of graft particles was $42.62{\pm}6.57%$, and the amount of soft tissue was $47.50{\pm}9.28%$. Conclusions: Socket preservation using horse-derived bone mineral can effectively maintain ridge dimensions following tooth extraction and can promote new bone formation through osteoconductive activities.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.294-304
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different palatal vault configurations on the accuracy and scan speed of intraoral scans (IO) of completely edentulous arches. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three different virtual models of a completely edentulous maxillary arch with different palatal vault heights- Cl I moderate (U-shaped), Cl II deep (steep) and Cl III shallow (flat)-were digitally designed using CAD software (Meshmixer; Autodesk, USA) and 3D-printed using SLA-based 3D-printer (XFAB; DWS, Italy) (n = 30; 10 specimens per group). Each model was scanned using intraoral scanner (Trios 3; 3Shape^TM, Denmark). Scanning time was recorded for all samples. Scanning accuracy (trueness and precision) were evaluated using digital subtraction technique using Geomagic Control X v2020 (Geomagic; 3DSystems, USA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to detect differences in scanning time, trueness and precision among the test groups. Statistical significance was set at α = .05. RESULTS. The scan process could not be completed for Class II group and manufacturer's recommended technique had to be modified. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference in trueness and precision values among the test groups (P=.959 and P=.658, respectively). Deep palatal vault (Cl II) showed significantly longer scan time compared to Cl I and III. CONCLUSION. The selection of scan protocol in complex cases such as deep palatal vault is of utmost importance. The modified, adopted longer path scan protocol of deep vault cases resulted in increased scan time when compared to the other two groups.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.523-534
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• 1996

This study was to investigate the horizontal & vertical bone change pattern when using cervical headgear in Class II malocclusion of growing children and compared the skeletal features between the group with increased lower facial height and the group without increase in lower facial height. The results are as follows ; 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited, downward tipping of anterior palatal plane could be seen and distal movement of maxillary first molar was observed. 2. There was relative forward movement of Mandible against the Maxillary cranial base, and relative forward movement of mandibular 1st molar against the Maxilla and vertical increase due to alveolar growth of Mandible. 3. There was significant increase in anterior and posterior facial heights but the ratio of facial height showed no significant difference. 4. The group with increased lower facial height has shorter ramus length, than the smaller palatal plane angle, and more distal movement of Maxillary 1st molar than the group without increase Ha-young Hyun

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this finite element study was to clarify the mechanics of tooth movement in palatal en-masse retraction of segmented maxillary anterior teeth by using anchor screws and lever arms. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element method was used to simulate overall orthodontic tooth movements. The line of action of the force was varied by changing both the lever arm height and anchor screw position. Results: When the line of action of the force passed through the center of resistance (CR), the anterior teeth showed translation. However, when the line of action was not perpendicular to the long axis of the anterior teeth, the anterior teeth moved bodily with an unexpected intrusion even though the force was transmitted horizontally. To move the anterior teeth bodily without intrusion and extrusion, a downward force passing through the CR was necessary. When the line of action of the force passed apical to the CR, the anterior teeth tipped counterclockwise during retraction, and when the line of action of the force passed coronal to the CR, the anterior teeth tipped clockwise during retraction. Conclusions: The movement pattern of the anterior teeth changed depending on the combination of lever arm height and anchor screw position. However, this pattern may be unpredictable in clinical settings because the movement direction is not always equal to the force direction.