• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative success and stability of arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstructions using central one third bone-patellar-tendon bone(BPB) autograft versus quadrupled semitendinos-us(ST) autograft as the medium term review. Materials and Methods : Eighty patients(40 BPBs,40 STs) with isolated ACL injury were available for a mean follow up of 49.4 months(BPB) and 48.8 months(ST). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and sex. We compare the final results between two groups with respect to subjective Lysholm score, objective laxity including anterior drawer test, Lachman test, pivot shift test, KT-2000 measurements and International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) evaluation system. Results : Postoperatively, positive anterior drawer test was found in $22.5\%\;and\;27.5\%$, positive Lachman test was found in $30.0\%$ and $25.0\%$ and positive pivot shift test was found in $15\%\;and\;20\%$ of the ST and BPB group, respectively(p>0.05). Mean side to side difference of KT-2000 at 20 lbs was 2.2 mm for the ST group and 2.1 mm for the BPB group. There was no significant difference between the two groups about Lysholm score(>0.05). Anterior knee pain was knee common in the BPB group. Eighty-three percent of the patients were nearly normal according to the IKDC grade in both groups. Conclusion : We consider that autogenous semitendinosus tendon is a good alternative subsititute in ACL reconstruction together with the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic type II SLAP repair in non-athletes, and to compare the clinical outcomes between those who had isolated type II SLAP lesion and those who had combined partial thickness supraspinatus tear that did not required a combined repair. Materials and Methods: From July 2005 to January 2007, 142 consecutive type II SLAP lesions were treated with arthroscopic surgery. The inclusion criteria for the study were; (1) younger than 50 years old; and (2) non-athletes. Exclusion criteria were; (1) prior surgery, fracture or combined recurrent dislocation history on the affected shoulder; (2) combined full thickness rotator cuff tear or PTST (>50% thickness) patient that needed repair; and (3) combined infection, arthritis or inflammatory disease. Remaining 19 patients meet the criteria. Among them, 13 had combined PTRCT that did not require repair (Group I), and 6 had isolated type II SLAP lesion without combined supraspinatus tear (Group II). The mean age was 36.7 years (29~49 years), mean symptom duration was 39.1 months (3~216 months) and mean follow-up was 19.0 months (12~27 months). In all patients, the range of motion of affected shoulder, pain and function visual analogue scale (PVAS, FVAS), the Constant score and UCLA score were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: In group I, external rotation at side was decreased significantly (p=0.003),but there were no statistical significant change at the remains(p>0.05). And there were no differences between groups (p>0.05). At the final follow-up, all clinical outcome measurements improved after surgery with statistical significance (p<0.05): UCLA score, $22.8{\pm}5.2$ to $32.8{\pm}2.1$; Constant score, $79.4{\pm}8.6$ to $94.9{\pm}4.3$; PVAS $5.4{\pm}2.7$ to $1.1{\pm}1.4$; FVAS $63.2{\pm}15.3$ to $93.4{\pm}7.3$. But, in group comparison of the mean UCLA score and Constant score, there were no statistical significant differences between two groups. Conclusion: Arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesion provided good clinical outcomes in nonathletic population. Combined partial thickness supraspinatus tear does not seem to hamper the final outcome at minimal 1 year follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2017

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is increasingly used to treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures, myeloma and osteolytic vertebral metastases. The purpose of this study was to measure the absorbed radiation exposure dose and time during PVP and to assess the possibility of deterministic radiation effects to the operator and patient. The radiation dose and time measure by three pain physicians performed consecutive procedures using the twenty case PVP. Patient's dosimeter placed at the anteroposterior(AP) side was treatment of the vertebra body located in the upper level 2-3 and lateral(LAT) side was flank proximal to C-arm tube of back. Operator's dosimeter placed at the apron outside of upper sternum (thyroid), left chest, lower extremity and apron inside of left chest. Results: Radiation exposure times were $3.6{\pm}0.71min$. Measurements on the Patient radiation dose were AP $121.4{\pm}48.1{\mu}Sv$, LAT side $614.7{\pm}177.1{\mu}Sv$. Operator radiation dose were outside of the lead apron upper sternum $33.7{\pm}7.3{\mu}Sv$, outside of the lead apron chest $49.2{\pm}15.0{\mu}Sv$, outside of the lead apron lower extremity $12.8{\pm}3.8{\mu}Sv$ and inside of the lead apron chest $4.2{\pm}1.4{\mu}Sv$. To escape from the danger of radiation first long distance from the c-arm tube second exposure time reduced second lead apron used fluoroscopy during PVP is more safety patient and operation from the radiation exposure.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.184-195
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• 2000

It has been believed that cancer is an omnious factor threatening the future and life itself. Patients having the disease experience anxiety, fear, feeling of weakness, depression and feelings of uncertainty and hopelessness. Most cancer patients, however, have expectations of possible recovery and a better future, very different from the patients who feel hopeless. Therefore. hope allows people to respond effectively to the fatal disease they have and prevents them from detoriorating physically and spiritually, positively influencing their survival, response to treatment and sense of security. Studies previously performed showed that hope is positively correlated with social and family supports, self-esteem, spiritual well-being, responsive action, health promotion behavior and quality of life. Thus, the study attempted to provide basic information on nursing cancer patients by investigating their levels of hope and determining predictive factors which influence hope. For the study 200 cancer patients in two university hospitals located in Pusan were sampled as subjects. Data were collected for twenty nine days from Feburary 1, 1999 to March 1. Instrumets for the study included 10 items from the self-esteem scale by Rosenberg (1965), 39 hope measurements by Kim and Lee(1965), 16 of the social support scale by Tae(1986) and 16 of the general characteristics scale, all of which totaled 81 items. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. General characteristics of the investigated based on numbers and percentage. Hope, self-esteem and social support were analyzed using means, minimum, maximum and standard deviation. Relations among the foregoing three factors were analyzed using Pearson' correlation coefficient. Levels of hope in cancer patients were determined using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. Predictive factors influencing hope were investigated using multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. An average level of hope was $185.55{\pm}23.39$ points(96 min. and 234 max.) 2. Levels of hope showed a significant difference among them according to sex (t=-3.69, P=.000), age(F=4.714, P=.000), job(F=3.247, P=.008), monthly income (F=6.113, P=.003), treatment charge (F=3.796, P=.011), supportive resources (F=10.554, P=.000), diagnosis(F=2.287, P=.029), perceived health status(F=22.184, P=.000), level of pain(F=3.334, P=.021), religion (F=4.911, P=.001) and religion's effect in life (F=11.706, P=.000), 3. For the subjects, self-esteem and social support were $38.32{\pm}7.21$(13 min, and 50 max.) and $52.97{\pm}8.49$points(28 min, 80 max.). Concerning social support, average levels of family support and medical support were found $35.95{\pm}6.05$(18 min, and 40 max) and $27.02{\pm}4.99$ points(20 min and 40 max). The hope the cancer patients showed significant correlations with self-esteem (r=.588, P=.000), family support(r=.224, p=.001) and medical support(r=.221, P=.002). 4. The five variables related to hope (self-esteem, religion's effect in life, perceived health status, social support and age) accounted for 54.2 percent of the hope level; especially, self-esteem was the highest at 34.6%. As shown in the above results, predictive factors which most influence hope in cancer patients were self-esteem and religion's effect of life. Therefore, nursing interventions to increase self-esteem should be developed. Regarding religion's effects, studies on spiritual aspects should be carried out in a way that contributes to promotion of hope.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2006

Background : This report reviews our experience with persistent air leaks in the peumothorax that were not considered candidates for surgical treatment in order to evaluate the efficacy and risks of the OK-432 plus autoblood or OK-432 pleurodesis. Material & Methods : From March 2004 to July 2005, 8 consecutive patients who had an air leak in the pneumothorax over 5 days and had been treated with OK-432 plus autoblood or OK-432 pleurodesis. The patients were not considered candidates for surgical treatments because the chest CT findings revealed severe chronic lung disease with multiple bullae and/or bullous changes. A prolonged air leak with/without dead space was treated with either OK-432 plus autoblood or OK-432 pleurodesis. The efficacy and side effects of OK-432 pleurodesis were assessed by determining the duration of the air leak, the number of pleurodesis, the patients' symptoms, measurements of the white blood cell count and the c-reactive protein level. Results : All of eight patients were male and the mean age was $72.4{\pm}8.5$. The mean number of pleurodesis was $1.9{\pm}1.1$ and the mean duration of the air leak was $4.6{\pm}4.6days$ after pleurodesis. Side effects after pleurodesis were encountered in 7 patients, which included a chilling sensation in 7 cases, chest pain in 5 cases, headache in 3 cases, local heat sensation in 2 cases, and fever in 1 case. Leukocytosis was observed in 6 patients, and the mean of WBC count and CRP were $14500{\pm}2100$ and $21.9{\pm}11.4mg/dL$, respectively. Conclusion : Either OK-432 plus autoblood or OK-432 pleurodesis has acceptable side effects, and can be considered a treatment option for persistent air leaks in the pneumothorax that are not candidates for surgical treatment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

PDiabetic neuropathy is one of the most common diabetes related complications including diabetic nephropathy and retinopahty. In clinical practices, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been used as a standard method for diagnosing diabetic neuropathy. However, it applies maximum current of 100mA to nerves causing stress and pain to patients. In this study, as a non-invasive method, $TcpO_2$ was utilized to investigate the difference and relationship between $TcpO_2$ and $SpO_2$ of normal and diabetic neuropathy subjects. In addition, a new method of diagnosing diabetic neuropathy using $TcpO_2$ is suggested. 50 normal subjects and 50 diabetic patients with neuropathy diagnosed by NCV participated in this study. Parameters used in this study were $TcpO_2$, $TcpCO_2$, and $SpO_2$. As a result of the $TcpO_2$ measurements, statistical significances were found from $TcpO_2$ of hands and feet from normal and patients group(p<0.01). $SpO_2$ measured from index finger of normal and patient groups showed no statistical significance(p>0.05). On the other hand, $SpO_2$ measured from great toes of normal and patient groups showed statistical significance(p<0.01). Correlation coefficient between $SpO_2$ of finger and $TcpO_2$ of hand was 0.400 (p<0.01) and $SpO_2$ of toe and $TcpO_2$ of foot was 0.471(p<0.01). Both correlation values were statistically significant. Sensitivities and specificities of the $TcpO_2$ method were found to be 66 % and 92 %, respectively. If the suggested $TcpO_2$ method is used periodically, prevention and early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy would be possible.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the measured values of the talus in Koreans. Materials and Methods: We measured 88 tali from 44 cadavers that have been donated between December 2012 and December 2015. Of the cadavers, 27 were male and 17 were female. Their mean age was 73 years. The length and width of the talus were measured using a digital goniometer and vernier caliper. Results: The values of cadaveric measurement, mean maximal width and length, width and length of the dome anterior, width and length of the posterior facet, height and length of the trochlear medial facet, and height and length of the trochlear lateral facet were $43.6{\pm}2.6mm$, $56.5{\pm}3.3mm$, $32.5{\pm}2.0mm$, $42.2{\pm}2.7mm$, $22.2{\pm}2.2mm$, $34.7{\pm}2.0mm$, $15.3{\pm}1.3mm$, $33.3{\pm}2.9mm$, $25.3{\pm}3.3mm$, and $30.8{\pm}2.4mm$ for men and $38.9{\pm}1.6mm$, $53.6{\pm}2.4mm$, $27.9{\pm}2.1mm$, $37.4{\pm}3.2mm$, $20.6{\pm}0.8mm$, $31.9{\pm}1.2mm$, $13.6{\pm}2.6mm$, $28.4{\pm}2.5mm$, $24.9{\pm}2.1mm$, and $28.9{\pm}1.4mm$ for women, respectively. The size of the talus showed an accuracy of 86% when anteroposterior diameter was greater than 59 mm. A difference in the size of the right and left talus was not observed. The mean inclination and declination angles were $24.4^{\circ}{\pm}4.2^{\circ}$ and $28.2^{\circ}{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$ for men, and $24.6^{\circ}{\pm}3.6^{\circ}$ and $24.7^{\circ}{\pm}6.7^{\circ}$ for women (p=0.980, p=0.018), respectively, at least $15^{\circ}$, which showed a big difference for every object up to $37^{\circ}$. Conclusion: This paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study to measure the talus in Koreans. There were differences by gender and ethnicity in the in measured talus values. The measurements were smaller than European-Americans and greater than Japanese.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to provide basic biometric data on Korean adults through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measurements of the distances between the apex of sacral hiatus (SH) and the termination of dural sac (DS), and between SH and conus medullaris (CM) because they are critical to the performance of epidural neuroplasty. A total of 200 patients(88 males and 112 females) with back pain, who had no spine fracture, significant spinal deformity, and spondyloisthesis were selected for this study. The subjects were of mean age 54.3 (20~84) years and mean height 161.3 cm (135~187). T2-weighted MRI images were used for correlation analysis to evaluate the relationships between the distances, and variables such as sex and height. In all patients, the mean distance between SH and DS was $62.8{\pm}9.4mm$ and the mean distance between SH and CM was $232.2{\pm}21.8mm$. The minimum distance and the maximum distance between SH and DS were 34.8 mm and 93.9 mm respectively, and the minimum distance and the maximum distance between SH and CM were 155.0 mm and 284.0 mm respectively. In female patients, both the distances between the SH and DS, and between SH and CM were shorter when compared to those of the male patients(p<0.05). Both the distances between SH and DS and between SH and CM showed a significant correlation with height(p<0.01). The results of this study will provide a useful biometric data on the distances between SH and DS and between SH and CM in Korean in ensuring clinical safety and in the development of more effective catheterization techniques for epidural neuroplasty in Korean.