• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.222-226
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Paeoniae Radix Extract(PRE) against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the liver. PRE of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On day 21, 5 mg/kg of LPS dissolved in saline was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase(SOD) in mitochondrial fractions, and malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in liver homogenates. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But PRE-pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT, GPT, LDH and MDA, by 59.7%, 43.6%, 59.6% and 63.5%, respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx, by 85.5%, 57.8% and 62.9%, respectively. These results showed that the PRE had the preventive effects against the acute hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the liver.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2000

To compare the contents of well-known effective constituents, paeoniflorin, albiflorin and benzoic acid, of Korean paeony roots cultivated at different regions, this study was to provide the basic information for the quality evaluation of paeony roots. HPLC analysis showed that the paeoniflorin contents of white paeony roots of 3 years grown at Eui-seong gun, Kyungpook was the highest of 2.06% and red paeony roots of 3 years grown at Im-sil gun, Junpook was the lowest of 1.33%. The highest level of albiflorin contents was 2.04% of red paeony root grown at Ul-jin gun, Kyungpook, while the lowest levels were 0.05% of Eui-seong gun, Kyungpook and 0.06% of Im-shil gun, Junpook. The highest level of benzoic acid contents was 0.12% of red paony roots grown at Choung-do gun, Kyungpook and that grown at Ul-jin gun, Kyungpook was the lowest. Based on the average of three available constituents, the paeony roots cultivated at Kyungpook province was the highest contents of 2.03%, while 1.47% at Junpook province. These results suggest that Kyungpook province is the best region for the cultivation of white and red paeony roots, the combining of three available constituents would be more accurate than use of paeoniflorin only.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.571-581
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• 2009

Background : Early in November 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) began to spread throughout thirty-two countries around the world. A total of 5,327 cases were reported in China, including 1,755 cases in Hong Kong and 655 in Taiwan. The total number of cases reported from Canada and Singapore was more than 200. The total number of SARS cases world-wide reached 8,437 with incidences. Mortality from SARS is estimated at around 11%. Under the guidance of the World Health Organization (WHO), clinical studies on the use of integrated herbal medicine and western medicine for treating SARS were carried out in China and Hong Kong. The official report suggested that integrated treatment was more effective than western medicine alone in clinical symptoms, lung inflammation, blood oxygen saturation, immunological functions and others. Objective : To overview the treatment principle and the prescriptions according to the regimens and the stages for SARS of the reports, and further to broaden our knowledge of treatment of acute infectious diseases using natural herbal medicine. Methods : We reviewed nine of WHO SARS reports that comprehensively described the principles and methods of treatment and summarized them into eight treatment methods. We analyzed the herbal formulae on the basis of their treatment principles, evaluated them in accordance with warm disease study, listed frequently used herbs, and assessed patent prescriptions and herbal injections that were mentioned in the reports. Results and Conclusion : The reports divided the course of SARS into 3 to 6 stages such as high fever stage, fastigium stage, and convalescent stage. Frequently used herbs were Radix Scutellariae, Radix Paeoniae, Radix Astragali, Semen Armeniacae, Radix Pseudostellariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, and Fructus Schizandrae. Herbal decoctions were the primary method of treatment, while extracts or injections were secondary. Prescriptions were mainly based on the warm disease study. SARS is a viral disease caused by corona virus, and herbal medicine is proven to be effective against it. We believe that evidences and experiences from SARS cases can be a good reference to further researches on acute infectious diseases.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.363-380
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• 2018

Objectives : We analyzed the principle of compatibility of socheongnyong-tang and expanded the range of application in clinical practice. Methods : Socheongnyong-tang was analyzed by the compatibility principle through the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, but the basic formulas of "Discussion of Cold Damage" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" was used. Results : Socheongnyong-tang treats exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation. Exterior wind-cold is treated mainly by exterior-releasing herbs constituting mahwang-tang and gyeji-tang in "Discussion of Cold Damage", and interior water accumulation is treated mainly by retained fluid-resolving herbs constituting yeonggamomigangsinha-tang, yeonggamomigagangsinbanhahaengin-tang and yeonggamomigagangsinbanhaengdaehwang-tang in "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber". Depending on the weight of exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation, the disease condition is classified as a case where exterior wind-cold is heavier than interior water accumulation, a case where exterior wind-cold is lighter than interior water accumulation, and a case where it is equivalent. When exterior wind-cold is heavier than interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus of exterior-releasing herbs series and deputy herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series. When exterior wind-cold is equal to the disease condition of interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Ephedrae Herba of exterior-releasing herbs series and Zingiberis Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series, and deputy herbs are Cinnamomi Ramulus of the exterior-releasing herbs series and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series. When exterior wind-cold is lighter than interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series and deputy herbs are Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus of exterior-releasing herbs series. In any case, assistant herbs are Pinelliae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix alba, and Schisandrae Fructus, and envoy herb is Glycyrrhizae Radix preparata. Conclusions : In conclusion, socheongnyong-tang must differently formulate the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy according to the grade of exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation. These results suggest that socheongnyong-tang can be applied flexibly when applied in clinical practice to enhance the therapeutic effect.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

Objectives : This study presents a high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of various active components in Samul-tang, which is composed of four crude herbs. Methods : HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for the determinations of paeoniflorin and 5-HMF (5-hydroxymethyl 2-furaldehyde) in the Samul-tang, the separation method was performed on an COSMOS1L 5C18-AR-Il (2.0 X 150 mm I.D.) column by gradient elution with 0.1% acetic acid and 5% CH3CN in water (A)-0.1% acetic acid and 5% H20 in CH3CN (B) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 300 ${\mu}L/min$ with detection at quadrupole mass spectrometer. The all marker substances were always detected as the base peaks in the positive ion mode. Results : The paeoniflorin of Paeoniae Radix in Samul-tang showed a strong base peak [M+H2O]+ in the positive detection mode to give the following as; paeoniflorin (498.109 [M+H2O]+, 479.8 [M]+, 301 [M-glucose]+, 179.3 [glucose]+). Based on the HPLC retnetion time and MS of standard compounds confirmed the identity of active compounds in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata as follows; 5-HMF (127.0[M+H]+, 109.3 [M-OH]+) in the positive ion mode. Conclusion : According to the above results, HPLC-ESI-MS method permits assignment of tentative structures such as paeoniflorin and 5-HMF in the Samul-tang.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 1999

Oriental herbal medicines were examined for mutagenicity in the reverse mutation test on Salmonella typimurium T A98/100 and chromosomal aberration test on cultured mammalian cells (Chinese hamster cell lines). The reverse mutation test was performed by a plate incorporation method with and without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). The tested herbal medicines did not significantly increase revertible colonies on any of the test strains with and without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix) at concentrations of 1 mg/ml. In the chromosomal aberration test, most tested herbal medicines did not significantly increase the number of aberrant cells on any of the test strains with a metabolic activation system (S9 mix) at concentrations of 1 mg/ml, compared with the vehicle control. However. Ansu Semen significantly increased the number of aberrant cells without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). Paeoniae Radix. Hoelen, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Cnidii Rhizoma, Angeliacae gigantis Radix, Perillae Herba and Moutan Cortex Radicis slightly increased revertible colonies on any of the test strains with a metabolic activation system (S9 mix), These results indicate that most herbal medicines might be carefully used in obstetrics and gynecology, although they do not have the potent mutagenic potential under the present test conditions.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.141-155
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• 2003

Method : Chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders are characterized which have one of the two kinds of tics for more than a year. It is characterized chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders that have one of the two kinds of tics for more than a year. But Tourette's disorder is a disease which has one or more motor tics and vocal tics for more than a year. Contemporary empirical studies have suggested the rate of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) or obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD) in children with tic disorders be high. Objects : As society is confusing, tic disorders are increasing. Therefore, determining the treatment strategy in children with tic disorders is very important. So we studied the literatures of traditional chinese medicine about tic disorders and reported the results. Results : The principals for medical treatment were So-gan(疏肝), I-gi(理氣), Sik-pung(熄風), Gin-kyung(鎭痙), Chung-oel(淸熱) etc. Medicines treatment is used more than acupuncture treatment. The herbs are used Uncariae ramulus et Uncus(釣鉤藤), Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥), Poria(白茯岺), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Bupleuri Radi.x(柴胡), Fossilia ossis Mastodi(龍骨) etc. in the order named. Acupuncture points were used Naegwan(PC6), Shinmuin(HT7), P'ungnyur4(ST40), Paek'oe. (GV20), Chung-wan(CV12), Samumgye(SP6), Kongson(SP4), T'aech'ung(LR3) and so on.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.460-466
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• 2006

We wondered whether the mechanisms of antiplatelet aggregation of DJS-WE were through multiple pathways. Danggijakyak-san(DJS) consisting of 6 herbes of Paeoniae Radix, Poria Cocos, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Alismatis Rhizoma, is a crude mixture of a commonly used Korean herbal medicine. The water extract (DJS-WE) of DJS has been known to have an anti-platelet aggregation activity. We have reported that DJS-WE inhibited ADP-induced aggregation as well as arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of human platelet. Clinical studies on the cardiovascular effects of DJS-WE have been done in Korea. The DJS has been used as a remedy for gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal pain, dysentery), headache, amenorrhea, and postpartum hemorrhage. It has also been claimed to have a remarkable central stimulant effect, a transient hypertensive effect, and positive inotropic and chronotropic effects. In this paper, we evaluated the possible mechanisms of the antiplatelet activity of DJS-WE using human platelets. On the other hand, the role of DJS-ethanol extract on the inhibition of platelet aggregation and hemolytic effect have not yet been investigated in detail. We also used the method of activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) for the first time to study the inhibition on platelet aggregation activity of DJS-ethanol extract. The effect of DJS-WE on hemolysis was also investigated. DJS-WE showed a high hemolysis ability on human blood.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.327-337
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to review the current clinical studies about the effect of herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease in China over the last 5 years and then to suggest the foundation for treatment and further studies. We had searched for studies in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI, http://www.cnki.net) and PubMed from January 2010 to December 2014. Key words were the various combinations of '帕金森', '湯', '丸', '散', '中醫藥', 'Parkinson's disease', and 'herbal medicine'. Total 53 clinical studies were selected and analyzed. The most frequently used diagnostic criteria of Parkinson's disease was the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS). The most frequently used medical herb was Paeoniae Radix alba(白芍藥) more 30 times and the highest amount was Astragali radix(黃芪) 100g per day. The most frequent syndrome differentiation was liver kidney yin deficiency(肝腎陰 虛). We found out there are many clinical studies of herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease in China. These studies would be able to provide the basis of clinical research on Parkinson's disease, and also applied to the treatment of Parkinson's disease in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.390-410
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• 1995

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of Composite Preparation (Samulchungkan-Tang) extract (SCTE), Scutellarias Radix extract (SRE), Artemisiae iwayomogii Herba extract (AIHE), Artemisia capillaris Flos extract (ACFE), Paeaniae Radix extract (PRE) and Gardeniae Fructus extract (GFE) on the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH, and Content of total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_4$ and ${_D}-galactosamime$ intoxicated rats, and bile flow in rats. 1) In $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rats-The activities of S-GOT and S-GPT which were elevated by $CCl_4$ were significantly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively as compared to $CCl_4$ intoxicated rats. ALP activity increased by $CC1_4-treatment$ was markedly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHE 400 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg, and LDH activity in SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively compared to $CCl_4$ treated rates. ACFE 400 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg decreased the content of total cholesterol increased by $CCl_4$, the liver weight in all sample administered groups was decreased significantly as compared to $CCl_4$ treated groups. 2) In ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated rats-Sample of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHF 400 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg decreased the activities of S-GPT, ALP and LDH which was increased by ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxication, compared to ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated groups. In S-GOT activity elevated by ${_D}-galactosamine$ was significantly decreased by SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600mg/kg, AIHE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg, GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg. However, SCTE 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and AIHE 400 mg/kg were not effected significantly. 3) In bile secretion-SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 500mg/kg increased significantly the amount of bile secretion as compared to normal groups, but AIHE 400 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and PRE 300 mg/kg did not effected significantiy.