• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2014

누룩군과 입국군을 달리 첨가하여 제조한 막걸리의 발효 중의 이화학적 특성과 항균활성을 조사하였고 발효 과정 중 항균활성이 있는 미생물을 동정하였다. 발효 3일째 pH 결과는 누룩군이 입국군에 비해서 낮았다. 그러나 산도와 알코올의 함량은 발효 15일째에서 누룩군이 입국군에 비해서 유의적으로 높았다. 총당과 총균수는 입국으로 만든 막걸리가 누룩으로 만든 막걸리보다 더 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 평가 결과, 색, 단맛, 향, 목넘김, 전반적 기호도는 입국군(DKB)이 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 항균활성 결과 누룩 샘플 GND, ANF에서 Salmonella enterica, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus에서 항균력이 나타난 미생물을 동정하였다. 균주 ST-1은 GND에서 분리하여 16S rRNA 염기서열에 기초하여 동정한 결과 Paenibacillus polymyxa strain RCP6과 99%의 상동성을 보였다. 따라서 P. polymyxa ST-1은 항진균활성과 항세균활성을 가진 bacteriocin-like substances를 생산함을 알 수 있고 이와 같은 새로운 항미생물 물질은 천연식품보존제 및 사료보존제뿐만 아니라 항생제 대체 의약품으로도 활용이 기대되며, 이를 위하여 향후 이 물질들의 보다 정확한 구조 및 특성을 규명하는 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1650-1655
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• 2006

Bacteria belonging to the genus Paenibacillus are facultatively anaerobic endospore formers and are attracting growing ecological and agricultural interest, yet their genome information is very limited. The present study surveyed the genomic features of P. polymyxa ATCC $842^T$ using pulse-field gel electrophoresis of restriction fragments and sample genome sequencing of 1,747 reads (approximately 17.5% coverage of the genome). Putative functions were assigned to more than 60% of the sequences. Functional classification of the sequences showed a similar pattern to that of B. subtilis. Sequence analysis suggests nitrogen fixation and antibiotic production by P. polymyxa ATCC $842^T$, which may explain its plant growth-promoting effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2019

Fusaricidin analogs, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa, were tested for selective control of a major bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis sp. Fusaricidin (A and B mixtures) and four analogs were isolated from P. polymyxa E681 and investigated for their inhibition of cyanobacterial cell growth. Among the four fusaricidin analogs, fraction 915 Da (designated as Fus901) showed growth inhibition activity for Microcystis aeruginosa but not for Anabaena variabilis and Scenedesmus acutus. Microcystin concentration decreased up to 70% and its content per cell also decreased over 50% after 3 days. Fusaricidin exhibited growth inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria but Fus901 did not. Molecular weights of fusaricidin A and B were 883 Da and 897 Da, whereas that of Fus901 was 915 Da. Structure analysis by a ring-opening method revealed a linear form for Fus901. Expression of the pod gene related to oxidative stress was increased 2.1-fold by Fus901 and that of mcyD decreased up to 40%. These results indicate that Fus901 exerts oxidative stress against M. aeruginosa. Thus, Fus901 can be used as a selective cyanobactericide without disturbing the ecological system and could help in decreasing the microcystin concentration.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.598-605
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• 2017

To isolate rhizobacteria exhibiting antifungal activities for for five pathogenic fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani, Collectotricum gloeosporides, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea) which cause damage to Ginseng root in Ginseng grown fields, four soils were collected from Cheorlwon gun, in Korea. From 4 soils, a total of 160 bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plate method. Among 160 strains, 32 strains showed antifungal activities for one or more pathogens. From 32 strains, three strains exhibited antifungal activities for all pathogens. These are two Burkholderia cepacia (ATCC 25416 and ET 13) and one Paenibacillus polymyxa (ATCC 842). These potent antifungal strains showed high identities (99% using 16S-rRNA sequencing).

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2002년도 제2차워크샵
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• pp.127-137
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• 2002

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.984-991
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• 2005

Soil or seed applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been used to enhance growth of several crops as well as to suppress the growth of plant pathogens. In this study, we selected a PGPR strain, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain E681, out of 3,197 heat-stable bacterial isolates from winter wheat and barley roots. Strain E681 inhibited growth of a broad spectrum plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, and treatment of cucumber seed with E681 reduced incidence of damping-off disease caused by Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, or Fusarium oxysporum. When inoculated onto seeds as vegetative cells or as endospores, E681 colonized whole cucumber root systems and root tips. Different temperatures such as $20^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C$ did not affect root colonization by strain E681. This colonization was associated with a consistent increase in foliar growth of cucumber in the greenhouse. These results indicate that strain E681 is a promising PGPR strain for application to agricultural systems, particularly during the winter season.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2004

Paenibacillus polymyxa 유래의 cycloinulooligosaccharide fructanotransferase(CFTase) 유전자(cft)를 Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEY2102 에 발현시키기 위해 대장균과 효모의 shuttle vector인 pYES 2.0(GALI) promoter)에 subcloning하였다. 구축된 pYGCFT(9.9kb) plasmid를 S. cerevisiae SEY2102에 형질전환하였고, uracil이 결핍된 SD 배지에서 선별하였다. 선별된 형질전혼체(S. cerevisiae SEY2102/pYGCFT)는 galactose 첨가에 의해 성공적으로 발현되어 cyclofructan(CF)을 생셩함을 TLC로 확인하였다. 그러나 균체외로의 효소 분비는 이루어지지 않았고 cytoplasm 보다 periplasmic space에 많이 존재하였다. 효소반응 3시간부터 CF가 생성됨을 확인하였고, 최적온도와 pH는 각각 45$^{\circ}C$와 pH 8.0로 나타났으며, pH 10.0에서도 효소활성이 안정적으로 유지되었다. Inulin 기질에 따른 반응산물 분석결과, Jerusalem artichoke와 dahlia tuber로부터 CF가 가장 효과적으로 생성되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Abstract A direct approach was used to retrieve active lipases from Paenibacillus polymyxa genome databases. Twelve putative lipase genes were tested using a typical lipase sequence rule built on the basis of a consensus sequence of a catalytic triad and oxyanion hole. Among them, six genes satisfied the sequence rule and had similarity (about 25%) with known bacterial lipases. To obtain the six lipase proteins, lipase genes were expressed in E. coli cells and lipolytic activities were measured by using tributyrin plate and pnitrophenyl caproate. One of them, contig 160-26, was expressed as a soluble and active form in E. coli cell. After purifying on Ni-NTA column, its detailed biochemical properties were characterized. It had a maximum hydrolytic activity at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7- 8, and was stable up to $40^{\circ}C$ and in the range of pH 5- 8. It most rapidly hydrolyzed pNPC$_6$ among various PNPesters. The other contigs were expressed more or less as soluble forms, although no lipolytic activities were detected. As they have many conserved regions with lipase 160-26 as well as other bacterial lipases throughout their equence, they are suggested as true lipase genes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2004

Paenibacillus polymyxa E681, with its plant growth promotion and root colonization ability, has been proven to be a promising biocontrol agent of cucumber and barley. This study investigated the attributes related to the movement of bacteria from the seed to the radicle and to the whole root system. It also illustrated the existing form and population changes of the bacteria on seed and root using the scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bacteria invaded and colonized the inside of the seed coat while the seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension. Almost the same number of bacteria on seed surface invaded the inside of the seed coat right after seed soaking. The population densities of E681 increased greatly inside as well as on the surface of the seed before the radicle emerged. The bacteria attached on the emerging radicle directly affected the initial population of newly emerg-ing root. The colonized cells on the root were arranged linearly toward the elongation of the root axis. In addition to colonizing the root surface, strain E681 was found inside the roots, where cells colonized the inter-cellular space between certain epidermal and cortical cells. When the cucumber seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension and sown in pot, the bacterial populations attached on both the surface and inside of the root were sustained up to harvesting time. This means that E681 successfully colonized the root of cucumber and sustained its population density up to harvesting time through seed treatment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2016

Background: This study aims to describe the characterization of Paenibacillus polymyxa GBR-1 (GBR-1) with respect to its positive and negative effects on plants. Methods: The morphological characteristics of GBR-1 were identified with microscopy, and subjected to Biolog analysis for identification. Bacterial population and media optimization were determined by a growth curve. The potential for GBR-1 as a growth promoting agent, to have antagonistic activity, and to have hydrolytic activity at different temperatures was assessed. The coinoculation of GBR-1 with other microorganisms and its pathogenicity on various stored plants, including ginseng, were assessed. Results: Colony morphology, endospore-bearing cells, and cell division of GBR-1 were identified by microscopy; identification was performed by utilizing the Biolog system, gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters (GC-FAME). GBR-1 showed the strongest antagonistic activity against fungal and bacterial pathogens. GBR-1 cell numbers were relatively higher when the cells were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium when compared with other media. Furthermore, the starch-hydrolytic activity was influenced by GBR-1 at higher temperature compared to low temperatures. GBR-1 was pathogenic to some of the storage plants. Coinoculation of GBR-1 with other pathogens causes differences in rotting on ginseng roots. A significant growth promotion was observed in tobacco seedlings treated with GBR-1 suspensions under in vitro conditions, suggesting that its volatile organic compounds (VOCs) might play a role in growth promotion. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that GBR-1 has both positive and negative effects on ginseng root and other stored plants as a potential biocontrol agent and eliciting in vitro growth promotion.