• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1223-1247
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• 2012

The need for securing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is essential especially in mission critical fields such as military and medical applications. Security techniques that are used to secure any network depend on the security requirements that should be achieved to protect the network from different types of attacks. Furthermore, the characteristics of wireless networks should be taken into consideration when applying security techniques to these networks. In this paper, energy efficient Security Model for Tree-based Routing protocols (SMTR) is proposed. In SMTR, different attacks that could face any tree-based routing protocol in WSNs are studied to design a security reference model that achieves authentication and data integrity using either Message Authentication Code (MAC) or Digital Signature (DS) techniques. The SMTR communication and processing costs are mathematically analyzed. Moreover, SMTR evaluation is performed by firstly, evaluating several MAC and DS techniques by applying them to tree-based routing protocol and assess their efficiency in terms of their power requirements. Secondly, the results of this assessment are utilized to evaluate SMTR phases in terms of energy saving, packet delivery success ratio and network life time.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권4C호
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• pp.282-294
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• 2002

The modern telecommunication networks are composed of various network-type and are managed by various management technologies, such as TMN, SNMP, TINA etc. Furthermore, the network user's needs of real-time multimedia services are rapidly increasing. In order to guarantee the user-requested quality-of-service(QoS) and keep the network utilization at maximum, it is required to manage the network performance continuously after the network is deployed. The performance management function should provide the useful information for the network expansion and the capacity reallocation in the future. In this paper, we propose a DPE-based performance management architecture for the integrated management of the heterogeneous network elements with TMN and SNMP. We propose an approach to provide the Intranet traffic monitoring and analysis function using layered network management concept and distributed processing technology. The proposed architecture has been designed and implemented based on multiprocess and multithread structure to support concurrent processing. To manage the traffic according to the Intranet service categories, we implemented an ITMA(Intelligent Traffic Monitoring Agent) with packet capture library. With the proposed architecture, we could measure and analyze the real Intranet traffic of Yeungnam University.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

본 논문은 HFC망을 고도화하기 위해 기존의 DOCSIS 규격에 채널-결합방식을 도입한 DOCSIS 3.0 기반 망에서 상향 스트림 패킷을 효율적으로 전송할 수 있는 상향대역 할당 시뮬레이터를 설계하고 구현한다. 다수의CM들이 경쟁 구간을 통해 대역할당을 요청하기 때문에 발생하는 충돌을 최소화할 수 있는 충돌 해소 및 경쟁 구간 설정 알고리즘을 시뮬레이션하고 결과를 분석한다. OPNET 기반의 DOCSIS 시뮬레이터를 개발하기 위해 DOCSIS 3.0의 MAC 프레임 구조를 정의하고 채널-결합 방식을 사용하는 CM과 사용하지 않는 CM을 구현한다. 또한 DOCSIS 망의 핵심 구성 요소인 CMTS 노드와 CM 노드, 각 노드의 프로세스를 모델링하고 구현한다. 개발된 시뮬레이터를 기반으로 상향대역 할당 알고리즘의 성능을 비교 평가한다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2016

This paper presents the implementation for a network structure of railway cars using a point to point communication. Most of network's representative specifications for a train are the FIP (Field Bus), MVB (Multifunction Vehicle Bus), CAN and WTB (Wire Train Bus) which is used by ALSOM, SIEMENS and BOMBADIER as major in this field. These networks in a physical layer use a multi-drop method, connected from $1^{st}$ car to $n^{th}$ car of a train through a cable without any extra services such as an electric part, amplifier. However waveforms which is passed through a long cable in the multi-drop are distorted by a capacitance or resistance of the cable or environments. Also since using a cable connected directly from $1^{st}$ car to $n^{th}$ car, if over two trains make double head, it isn't easy to distinguish ID for each railway cars. So by using the point to point network per each car, it is able to reduce a distortion. Also since reducing distortion, this communication speed can be been higher and transmit and receive any packets more stably. Using proposed token in a packet, this can make ID per each railway car automatically. Finally experimental results show the good performance and effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2000

We present characteristics of hydrothermal chlorite and its interstratification with 7-$\AA$ mineral phase that occur in the propylitic alteration zone of the Bobae sericite deposit formed in rhyodacitic tuff. Chlorite is found as disseminated fine-grained aggregate or replacement materials of precursor minerals such as Fe-oxides and amphibole. Based on X-ray diffraction(XRD), all chlorites belong to IIb polytype and the (060) reflections averaging $1.53~1.54\AA$ indicate a trioctahedral structure. Chemical compositions of chlorite show that the Fe/(Fe+Mg) values are mostly in the range of 0.44~0.53, and cation deficiencies in octahedral sites range from 0.06 to 0.37. Under scanning electron microscope(SEM) chlorite occurs as well-crystallized aggregates and is subparallely stacked in interstices or between grain boundaries of associated minerals. transmission electron microscopic(TEM) images reveal that chlorite shows regular layers with $14-\AA$ spacings, locally interstratified with $7-\AA$ or $21-\AA$ periodicities. The $21- \AA$ periodicity corresponds to the sum of the $d_{001}$ values of chlorite and $7-\AA$ phase. The chlorite packet coexisting with 7-$\AA$ layers displays abundant defects such as edge dislocations and layer terminations. Selected-area electron diffraction(SAED) indicates that chlorite and $7-\AA$ phase are randomly interstratified in the mixed-layer areas. We propose a lateral change of layers for the polymorphic transition of $7-\AA$ phase to chlorite.e.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2012

This paper presents a transceiver module for human body communications whereby a spread signal with a group of 64 Walsh codes is directly transferred through a human body at a chip rate of 32 Mcps. Frequency selective digital transmission moves the signal spectrum over 5 MHz without continuous frequency modulation and increases the immunity to induced interference by the processing gain. A simple receiver structure with no additional analog circuitry for the transmitter has been developed and has a sensitivity of 250 ${\mu}V_{pp}$. The high sensitivity of the receiver makes it possible to communicate between mobile devices using a human body as the transmission medium. It enables half-duplex communication of 2 Mbps within an operating range of up to 170 cm between the ultra-mobile PCs held between fingertips of each hand with a packet error rate of lower than $10^{-6}$. The transceiver module consumes 59 mA with a 3.3 V power supply.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2010

차세대 이동통신 시스템에서는 고속 패킷 서비스가 주요 기능으로 부각되고 있다. 이러한 고속 패킷 서비스의 경우 불 연속적인 데이터의 전송 및 비 대칭적 대이터 트래픽의 특성으로 인하여 D-CDMA 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 터보 부호를 적용한 D-CDMA에 대하여 고찰하였다. 시스템의 특성을 고려하여 전송 프레임의 구성 방식, 물리채널 구조 및 채널 부호화 방식등에 대하여 고찰하였다. 또한 TD-CDMA 시스템에 HARQ 기법중 하나인 hase Combining 기법을 적용하여 그 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.312-313
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• 2017

모든 사물들이 다양한 네트워크를 통해 상호 소통하는 지능형 기술 및 서비스인 사물인터넷(Internet of Things)은 최근 ICT산업의 발전으로 주목받고 있는 분야 중 하나이다. 사물인터넷에서 주로 사용되는 프로토콜 중 하나인 MQTT(Message Queue Telemetry Transport)는 메모리 및 전력 이용을 효율화시키기 위해 가벼운 패킷 구조를 채택하였으며 보안성을 제공하기 위해 TLS 방식을 사용하는 안전한 프로토콜이다. 본 논문에서는 MQTT에서 TLS을 사용할 때 Broker에서 처리되는 암복호화 과정 대신, 인증 서버 추가를 통하여 중앙 집중식 키 관리를 수행하는 효율적인 MQTT 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2015

This study analyzes the performance of power-line communications for sending open automated demand response (OpenADR) signals. In particular, we study main channel disturbances that can affect end-to-end communications and which have not been previously studied in detail. Our analysis takes into account physical phenomena, such as background and impulsive noise sources, channel attenuation, and multipath effects, and considers the physical, network, and applications layers of the communications structure. The performance of the physical layer is the basis for computing the packet error rate. In analyzing application performance, we focus specifically on the latency in several communication environments. If a channel is impaired only by background noise, latencies are less than 40 seconds. With the addition of impulsive noise in the channel, this value increases as long as 68 seconds. Using these figures, we find that power-line technology is more suitable for "slow" demand programs, such as day-ahead or day-of curtailments, rather than ancillary services markets, which require near-real-time communication.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2011

The scalable extension of the H.264/AVC video coding standard (SVC) demonstrates superb adaptability in video communications. Joint source and channel coding (JSCC) has been shown to be very effective for such scalable video consisting of parts of different significance. In this paper, a new JSCC scheme for SVC transmission over packet loss channels is proposed which performs two-dimensional optimization on the quality layers of each frame in a rate-distortion (R-D) sense as well as on the temporal hierarchical structure of frames under dependency constraints. To compute the end-to-end R-D points of a frame, a novel reduced trellis algorithm is developed with a significant reduction of complexity from the existing Viterbi-based algorithm. The R-D points of frames are sorted under the hierarchical dependency constraints and optimal JSCC solution is obtained in terms of the best R-D performance. Experimental results show that our scheme outperforms the existing scheme of [13] with average quality gains of 0.26 dB and 0.22 dB for progressive and non-progressive modes respectively.