• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

Porphyrin-catalyzed reduction of TNT to triaminotoluene was performed in both batch reactions and a continuous process. Packed-bed reactors were used to study porphyrin-catalyzed reduction in a continuous process. A reactor was packed with DEAD(diethylaminoethyl)-substituted glass beads on which $Co^{+3}$_centered deuteroporpgyrin Ⅸ, -2, 4-disulfonic acid was immobilized, and another containing only DEAE glass beads was used as a control. The porphyrin exhibited catalytic activity in its immobilized state up to 100 hours of operation. Based on the successful abatement of nitrobodies by porphyrin-catalyzed reduction in both batch and continuous process, this process is recommended to be used as a pretreatment for biological treatment or carbon adsorption treatment of TNT wastes.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권2B호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2011

질산성 질소는 대표적인 지하수 오염물질로써 우리나라를 비롯한 여러 국가들이 음용수 중의 질산성 질소 농도를 WHO 권고기준인 10 mg/L as N 이하로 규제하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 처리하고자 하는 물질과의 접촉면적을 극대화 시켜줄 수 있는 영가철 충진 복극전해조를 이용하여 지하수 중의 질산성 질소를 처리하기 위해 다양하게 실험조건을 변화시켜 최적의 효율을 얻고자 하였다. 실험결과로서 영가철을 환원제로 사용할 때, 질산성 질소는 산성조건에서 좋은 제거효율을 보여주었으며, 산성조건을 유지시켜주지 않았을 때 암모니아성 질소로 환원되는 과정에서 수산화기 발생으로 pH가 증가하여 환원반응에 필요한 수소이온이 감소함으로 효율이 점차 감소하는 문제가 발생하였다. 복극전해조에서, 영가철과 주문진규사의 충진비는 0.5~1:1에서 제거효율이 가장 좋았으며 이는 각각의 영가철 입자가 미세전극으로 작용했기 때문이라고 판단된다. 충진비 2:1 이상에서는 점진적인 침전물의 형성 및 clogging의 가속화로 제거효율이 감소하였다. 인가전압이 상승할수록 제거효율이 높아졌으나 반응기 내 bypass current가 증가하는 것으로 확인되었으며 소비되는 전력량이 비례 이상으로 증가하였다. 본 실험에서는 최적 인가전압을 50 V로 결정하였고 그 때 질산성 질소를 94.9% 제거할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2002

Trametes sp.에서 생산되는 laccase는 CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B(CAS4B)에 고정화 되었고, 염료의 연속적인 분해를 위하여 테스트되었다. Laccase는 CAS4B에 효율적으로 고정화되었고, CAS4B에 고정화 된 laccase는 pH, 열, 단백질 구조적인 안정성 면에서 상당히 증가하였다. CAS4B에 고정화 된 accase의 최적 pH는 5, 온도는 4$0^{\circ}C$로서 free laccase와 비교하여 변화가 없었다 기질로서 Reactive Blue 19를 사용하였을 때 free laccase와 고정화 laccase의 $K_{m}$ ($\mu$mol/mL) 값은 각각 0.34와 2.0이었고,V$_{max}$($\mu$mol/mL.min) 값은 각각 0.12, 0.1이었다. Repeated-batch 반응에서 효소의 안정성과 높은 분해 효율 만족하는 조건은 pH 5, 3$0^{\circ}C$이였다. 또한 HBT에 의한 효소의 불활성은 크게 나타나지 않았다. Packed-bed reactor에서 최적으로 운전되었을 때 100 $\mu$M Reactive Blue 19과 0.1 mM HBT가 존재하는 50 $\mu$M Acid Red 57의 연속적인 분해에서 30시간 후에도 분해 효율이 70%로 유지되었다. 고정화 laccase는 Packed-bed reactor에서 azo 염료의 연속적인 분해를 매우 안정적으로 수행하였다.다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.684-688
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• 2007

입자상 알루미늄 충전 복극전해조를 이용하여 불소함유 수용액을 정전위 전해한 결과를 아래에 요약하였다. 이온크로마토그래피로 전해 시료를 분석한 결과 인가전압 1, 5, 10 V에서 불소이온 제거율은 각각 53, 73, 90%이었다. 지지전해질농도를 10, 30, 50, 70 mg/L로 조절하고 알루미늄 충전율을 0, 25, 50, 75%로 충전 후 전기량을 측정한 결과 지지전해질 농도가 50 mg/L일 때와 충전율이 75%일 때에 전기량이 $2.58A{\cdot}hr$이었다. 불소농도를 30, 50, 70 mg/L로 하여 10 V에서 3시간 전해실험 한 결과 불소제거율이 각각 93.3, 80.0, 68.6%이었고 전기량은 2.59, 3.89, $5.43A{\cdot}hr$이었다. 또한 단위전기량 당 불소 제거량은 불소농도 30, 50, 70 mg/L 에서 4.0, 3.5, $2.0mg/A{\cdot}hr$이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.182-187
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• 1991

The effects of acrylonitrile and acrylamide on the enzyme action of nitrile hydratase of Brevibacterium sp. CH1 and CH2 strains used for the biotransformations of nitriles were studied. The excessive substrate (acrylonitrile) and product (acrylamide) inhibited the enzyme activity competitively. In comparison with 0.2 mol/l of CH1 strain, the substrate inhibition of CH2 strain began to appear only at a high acrylonitrile concentration of 0.91 mol/l. In a packed bed reactor, dispersed plug flow model was proposed and this model was proved to be valid by the experiment. Also acrylamide productivity decreased sharply when acrylamide concentration in the substrate solution exceeded 20％ (wt/v).

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2001

Minimized canister flow restriction and maximized flow uniformity are desired to maximize a purge capability. With the impending ORVR(On Board Refueling Vapor Recovery) systems, the reduction of restriction and increase of flow uniformity in a carbon canister becomes even more critical to meet the stringent regulation. In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the three-dimensional internal flow patterns in a carbon canister during purge. The effects of the declined angle of the purge pipe and the number of partitions on the pressure drop and purge efficiency in a carbon packed bed are examined. Results show that the purge efficiency and space velocity distribution are affected in the upstream region of 40% of total canister bed by porosity of carbon granule and angle of purge pipe. It is also found that the purge efficiency decreases with increasing the number of partitions.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2017

A study on the modeling of the methane Chemical Looping Reforming system was carried out. It is aimed to predict the temperature and concentration behavior of the product through modeling of oxygen carrier fixed bed reactors composed of multiple stacks. In order to design the reaction system, first of all, the flow rate of the hydrogen to be produced was calculated. The flow rate ratio of the oxidation/reduction reactor was calculated considering the heat of reaction between adjacent reactors. Finally, in this paper, kinetic model including empirical coefficients was suggested.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2000

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) can produce three-dimensional objects directly from a CAD solid model without part-specific tooling. In this study, a simple rapid prototyping through selective laser sintering on brass powder is investigated using a Nd-YAG laser. Experiments are conducted to produce single lines on a powder-packed bed for various process parameters. Also, temperature distribution in the powder bed and the thickness of a melted line are predicted by finite element analysis. In the numerical analysis, the thermal conductivity of the brass powder which is obtained as a function of state and temperature is used.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.372-379
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• 2018

The improvement of $NO_x$ reduction by $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ with a hydrocarbon ($n-C_7H_6$) in the early state was investigated in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor. The results revealed that the combination of plasma with the catalyst enhanced $NO_x$ reduction efficiency at low operating temperatures, depending on the temperature and specific input energy. To sum up, the poor performance of the catalytic $NO_x$ reduction at low temperatures in the early stage before reaching thermochemical steady state can be greatly compensated for by using the atmospheric-pressure plasma generated in the catalyst bed.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2005

Mixed-mode hydrophobic/ionic matrices exhibit a salt-tolerant property for adsorbing target protein from high-ionic strength feedstock, which allows the application of undiluted feedstock via an expanded bed process. In the present work, a new type of mixed-mode adsorbent designed for expanded bed adsorption, Fastline $PRO^{\circledR}$, was challenged for the capture of nattokinase from the high ionic fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis. Two important factors, pH and ion concentration, were investigated with regard to the performance of nattokinase ad-sorption. Under initial fermentation broth conditions (pH 6.6 and conductivity of 10 mS/cm) the adsorption capacity of nattokinase with Fastline PRO was high, with a maximum capacity of 5,350 U/mL adsorbent. The elution behaviors were investigated using packed bed adsorption experiments, which demonstrated that the effective desorption of nattokinase could be achieved by effecting a pH of 9.5. The biomass pulse response experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the biomass/adsorbent interactions between Bacillus subtilis cells and Fastline PRO, and to demonstrate a stable expanded bed in the feedstock containing Bacillus subtilis cells. Finally, an EBA process, utilizing mixed-mode Fastline PRO adsorbent, was optimized to capture nattokinase directly from the fermentation broth. The purification factor reached 12.3, thereby demonstrating the advantages of the mixed-mode EBA in enzyme separation.