• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Traditional cuisine reflects cooking traditions shaped by political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental conditions characterized by authenticity and uniqueness. Traditional food is not only a part of our cultural heritage but also a knowledge resource. Application of food science and technology in Korean traditional foods was reviewed from six points of view, including food preservation, fermentation, changes in food materials, utilization of food functionality, and packaging and development of cooking appliances. Books from disparate times were chosen in order to cover a wide range of materials from the past to the present. Food preservation and fermentation techniques were applied to various food materials. Combination of science and skills contributes to the accessibility of diverse food materials and better quality foods. Koreans use assorted and resilient plants, which have an abundance of functional substances such as food materials. Among cooking appliances, microwave oven and refrigerator are the most innovative products with huge influences on food eating patterns as well as lifestyle. Packaging effectively reduces post-harvest preservation losses, and better packaging has technical improvements for storage and distribution. Kimchi was chosen as an example in order to study technology from the past to the present. Availability of Kimchi cabbage, enrichment of functional ingredients, identification of useful microbial species, standardization of recipe for commercialization, prevention of texture softening, introduction of salted Kimchi cabbage and Kimchi refrigerators, and packaging were reviewed. The future of traditional foods in the market will be competitive. First, traditional foods market should be maintained to protect the diversity of food materials. Secondly, tailored foods for individuals should be considered using foods with functional properties. Information on health benefits would provide insights into health and traditional food products. Third, speedy transfer of new technology to the traditional food industry is needed to ensure food quality production and new opportunities in the market. Fourth, safety of traditional foods should be ensured without sacrificing the essential characteristics of culturally important foods. Improvement of logistics, distribution, and facility should be carried out. As demand for convenience foods increases, traditional foods should be developed into products.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

An impact bending test method was used to evaluate the reliability for the solder joint of lead-free solder ball. In order to standardize the test method, the four point impact bending test was applied under the conditions of various frequencies and amounts of +/-amplitude respectively. Effects on the results were analysed. The optimum condition for impact bending test achieved in this study was the frequency of 10 Hz, and the amplitude of (+12/-1)~(+15/-1). 3 kinds of surface finishes Cu-OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative), ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold), and ENEPIG (Electroless Nickel, Electroless Palladium, Immersion Gold) were used. Fracture surface showed that cracks were initiated and fractured along the intermetallic layer in the case of surface finishes of Cu-OSP and ENIG, while in the case of ENEPIG the cracks were initiated and propagated in the solder region.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to complete basic study about standardization of corrugated fibreboard containers for apples. Various corrugated fibreboard containers are studied and the results are shown below. 1. WLK, SK, and KA are usually used for outer liner boards, S and $K_2$ are for medium or inner liner boards. 2. According to the study, about twenty different liner compositions are currently used for apple packaging. However, for the containers with white liner board, the liner composition is WLK210/M200/S120/$M200/K_{2}200$, for the containers with colored liner board, SK180/M200/S120/$M200/K_{2}200$ are mostly used. 3. Sixteen percents of cost saving are expected when subsitute white outer liner boards by those of colored.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.211-220
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• 2022

This paper proposes a green closed-loop supply chain network (GCSN) for optimizing closed-loop supply chains. The GCSN focuses on the application of the recycling express box in logistics circulation, accelerates the standardization of logistics operations and the use of express packaging in e-commerce companies, and promotes the reduction and greening of recycling express box in the e-commerce industry. The GCSN is represented as a mathematical formulation and implemented using LINGO. Greening, environmental protection, and wisdom are the general trends for promoting the growth of the e-commerce industry. Meanwhile, the price of raw materials has increased owing to a shortage of resources, which emphasizes the need for e-commerce enterprises to develop green packaging. Therefore, this study considers the shared circular packaging launched by e-commerce enterprises as the research object, and integrates the problem of facility positioning and path planning in the logistics system. The conclusion summarizes the significance of this study.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.83-113
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• 2005

In this study, for purpose of searching for measures to lower the logistics costs which is one of the most difficulties for the small-medium sized manufacturers in Pusan and Kimhae, those manufacturers were surveyed with questionnaire about the facts in the export logistics costs, difficulties related to the costs, and measures they thought for lowering the cost. Taking account of findings from the survey, the comprehensive measures of saving the export logistics costs were to be proposed. In the surveyed manufacturers, the problems they thought over export logistics costs lied in short logistics information and transportation-related difficulties in cargo and distribution, insufficient standardization in packaging and the shortage of material handling equipments in unloading. In transportation, frequent non-fulfillment of in-time shipment, cost increase including over consumption of transportation time due to traffic jam, and the biased heavy use of inland transportation were pointed out as problems. In customs clearance, logistics information, and marine insurance, addressed were complexity in custom clearance and bonded transportation procedures, and the shortage of software and hardware to construct logistics information system.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 1998

As late as middle of 1980s, what was referred to as new model cars consisted, on the premise of a standardized packaging layout, principally of the endeavor to transform their style images by changing little by little the form of layouts almosts similar to or with larger bodies than those of the old model ones. Afterwards even in the period of competition of engeineering and mechanical body styles for reducing fuel cost and improving comfortability in riding, the standardized packaging layout did not change visibly, simply trying to ameliorating commercialism through high output and high efficacy on the engineering part. Today the sudden prevalent motorization in every walk of life has brought about the development of the car industry, thus producing surplus supply and technical standardization. This phenomenon of technical standardization leads the concept of the renovation of car design to a way quite different from that of the past and so may be said to be confronted with an era that requires genuine-sense car design in a way. It seems that interior design plans are of much more importance than external shapes. This is because the effort for enhancing comfortability to keep car passengers' needs of transportation is one of the essences of car design. The objective of this study consists in inquiring into how to plan motorcar interior design, an essential prerequisite in determining the external or of a car, obtaining data needed via analysis of interior design plans of the car models that have won favorable criticism from consumers, thus contributing to the use of the data obtained for reference in car design activities in a genuine sense.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2011

Shearing characteristics of Sn-3.0wt%Ag-0.5wt%Cu ball for standardization of high speed shear test were investigated. The solder ball of 450 ${\mu}m$ in diameter was reflowed at $245^{\circ}C$ on FR4 PCB (Printed Circuit Board) to prepare a sample for the high-speed shear test. The metal pads on the PCB were OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative, Cu pad) and ENIG (Electroless Nickel/Immersion Gold, i.e CulNi/Au). Shearing speed was varied from 0.5 to 3.0 m/s, and tip height from 10 to 135 ${\mu}m$. As experimental results, for the OSP pad, a ductile fracture increased with tip height, and it decreased with shearing speed. In the case of ENIG pad, the ductile fracture increased with the tip height. The tip height of 10 ${\mu}m$ (2% of solder ball diameter) was unsuitable since the fracture mode was mostly pad lift. Shear energy increased with increasing shearing tip height from 10 to 135 ${\mu}m$ for both of OSP and ENIG pads.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

The increase of international and domestic trade according to global industrialization and economic growth has raised the national logistic cost in connection with physical distribution of articles. In order to reduce these costs and rise up national industrial competitiveness, Korea has also tried to improve the efficiency of logistics with various methods as advanced countries did. Especially, Korea government has decided standard dimension of pallets with T11 ($1100{\times}1100mm$) on the basis of unit load system in early 2000s, and certification program for logistics equipments has been operated to keep up the compatibility for the equipments and packaging with modulation of T11. Consequently, this certification program has contributed to extend standardization for logistics and to grow up 3 party logistics, but compared with advanced countries, the rate of national logistics cost to GDP (gross domestic product) still shows about 3% gap as demands for certification have been decreased in the recent. In this study, therefore, we proposed the development of logistics certification system based on social needs as a policy device to activate logistic industry as well as improve the efficiency of national logistics after we had analyzed all of certification programs for logistics being run in Korea. Namely, the first is the development of certification project for Northeast Asia's logistics corresponding to necessity for applying returnable transport system according to increasing the amount of trade between Northeast Asia's countries. The second is the development of certification project for safe transportation of packaging corresponding to costumer's needs for safe transit according to the growth of electronic commerce and the increase of global distribution.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.85-90
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• 2011

With regard to reliability of solder joint, the significant failures include open defects that occurs from alignment problem, Head in Pillow by PCB's warpage, the crack of solder by CTE mismatch, and the crack of IMC layer by mechanical impact. Especially as PCB down-sizing and surface finish is under progress, brittle failure of IMC layer between solder bump and PCB pad becomes a big issue. Therefore, it requires enhancing the level of difficulty in the existing assessment method and improving the measurement through the study on the mechanism of IMC formation, growth and brittle failure. Under this circumstance, this study is intended to suggest the direction of research for improving the reliability on the crack such as improvement of IMC brittle fracture.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.5-10
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• 2011

Under the full frontal crash event, seatbelt system is the most typical and primary restraint device that prevents the second impact between an occupant and vehicle interior parts by limiting the forward motion of an occupant in the vehicle occupant packaging space. Today's restraint systems typically include the three-point seat belt with the pretensioner and the load limiter. A pretensioner preemptively tightens the seat belts removing any slack between a passenger and belt webbing which leads to early restraint of a passenger. After that a load limiter controls level of belt load by releasing the belt webbing to reduce occupant injurys. In this study, load characteristics of load limiters are optimized by the computer simulation with a MADYMO model for a frontal impact against the rigid wall at 56kph and then we suggest performance requirements. We derived optimum load characteristic from the results using four vehicle simulation models represented by the vehicle. Based on the results, we suggest the performance from the results of the second optimization using the simulation considering the design and the standardization. Finally, the performance requirements is verified by the sled tests including the load limiter device for the full vehicle condition.