• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.665-676
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• 1996

안정적인 천연자원의 공급을 통해 오랫동안 국가산업화에 이바지해온 일본의 광산산업은 산업구조의 개편에 따라 하향추세를 맞아 현재는 세 곳의 주요 광산만이 가행중이다. 최근 경제사정의 변화로 새로운 비금속광상의 개발이 어려워짐에 따라 매장량과 품위에 있어 경제적 가치를 갖는 천열수금광상으로 관심이 옮겨가고 있는 추세이다. 1970년대 후반의 급격한 금가격 상승은 환태평양 지역의 천열수금광상에 대한 지질학적 정보와 이해를 증가시키는 역할을 했으며, 특히 판구조론의 확립과 더불어 지열수계와 화석천열수계의 대비라는 가장 중요한 발전이 이루어졌다. 1988년에는 광산협회에서 천열수금광상의 개발을 목표로 일본내 19개 지역의 탐사를 인가했으며, 1989년부터는 준정부기관인 금속광업국에서 이 지역들의 금탐사를 수행해왔다. 광상성인에 관한 신개념과 새로운 탐사기술로 유망한 금광화대가 발견되어 왔으며 개발이 진척된 곳은 홋카이도 북부의 세타지역과 큐슈 중부의 노야지역이다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.639-648
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• 2018

The pyranometer for observing the solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth is manufactured by various companies around the world. The sensitivity of the pyranometer at the observatory is required to be properly controlled based on the reference value of the World Radiometric Center (WRC) and the observatory environment; otherwise, the observational data may be subject to a large error. Since the sensitivity of the pyranometer can be calibrated in an indoor or outdoor calibration, this study used a CSTMUSS-4000C Integrating Sphere by Labsphere Inc. (USA) to calibrate the sensitivity of CMP22 pyranometer by Kipp&Zonen Inc. (Netherlands). Consequently, the factory sensitivity of CMP22 was corrected from $8.68{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$ to $8.98{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$, and the result from the outdoor calibration according to the observatory environment was $8.90{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$. After the indoor calibration of the pyranometer sensitivity, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the observational data at the observatory on a clear day without clouds (July 13, 2017) was $7.11Wm^{-2}$ in comparison to the reference pyranometer. After the outdoor calibration of the pyranometer sensitivity based on these results, the RMSE of the observational data was $1.74Wm^{-2}$ on the same day. Periodic inspections are required because the decrease of sensitivity over time is inevitable in the pyranometer data produced at the observatory. The initial sensitivity after indoor calibration ($8.98{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$) is important, and the sensitivity after outdoor calibration ($8.90{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1})$ can be compared to the data at the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) or can be used for various studies and daily applications.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.267-267
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• 2016

1987년 백중사리 기간 중 태풍 "위니"의 영향으로 인해 전남 목포, 신안, 무안 등 서해안 일대에서의 침수피해 및 2002년 발생한 태풍 "루사"와 2003년 발생한 태풍 "매미" 등으로 인해 우리나라 남부지방에 막대한 재산과 인명의 피해를 가져와 사회적 혼란과 함께 자연재해에 대하여 국민의 관심이 고조되고 있다. 특히 우리나라는 지형과 해안선이 복잡하고 삼면이 바다로 둘러싸여 강우 및 조석 등 다양한 조건에 따라 동해, 남해, 서해의 해양특성은 물론 강우특성이 달리 나타날 뿐아니라 최근 이상기후로 인하여 해수위 상승 또한 달리 나타나고 있어 수재해 발생 빈도 및 피해 규모가 증가하고 있으나, 해안 도시 유역의 수재해 저감에 대한 설계기술 및 대응기법은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 해안지역에 영향을 주는 강우특성을 분석하고 해수위 상승 원인별 위험도를 고려하여 침수를 모의하였다. 천수방정식을 지배방정식으로 하고 유한체적법과 well-balanced 기법이 적용된 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 침수를 예측하고 실측치와의 비교 분석을 통해 모의의 적절성을 검토하였다. 침수심 예측결과는 해안 도시유역 특성에 맞는 다양한 수재해 저감기법을 제시하는 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2021

This paper measures the economic impacts of the U.S. port investment strategies coping with the Panama Canal expansion. Using secondary import data, negative and positive estimates of the impacts were presented in this study. Reduced port activities into the West Coast Customs Districts negatively affect transportation and warehousing industries, among other effects. Still, they have simultaneous positive effects in other states from increased imports resulting from modal shifts and changes in the entry port located in the South and East coasts. This study applied the supply-driven National Interstate Economic Model that measures all interstate trade among the U.S. states to divert foreign imports from 15 Pacific Rim countries. For this purpose, the following assumption was adopted: larger ships using the canal will lead to a redirection of seaborne trade among U.S. (and other) ports and result in secondary effects, e.g., using different freight modes and regional growth spillovers. This study also accounted for the entry point change and significant port investments for foreign trade under alternative scenarios. The choice of ports for international trade depends on decisions about how to minimize multimodal delivery costs. The total direct reduction of transportation and warehousing activities associated with foreign imports in the West Coast ports was estimated at $3.3 billion, leading to total negative effects of $5.8 billion. Total positive impacts from the shift of transportation modes with the choice of an entry port and new warehousing activities for foreign imports in the selected 12 states varied. As expected, states that involved an entry port had the most prominent benefits, but Texas, New York, and New Jersey may be benefited through all the port enhancement projects in the U.S. Also, except for Transportation and Postal, and Warehousing industries, Construction is another dominant positive affected industry of the Canal expansion in the U.S.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.107-134
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• 2021

Purpose - Korean firms have entered the Mongolia, the world's top 10 resource rich country with huge market potential, since the diplomatic relations between Korea and Mongolia were established in 1990, but little is known about Korean firms' entry strategy in the Mongolian market. With this background, this study aims to investigate the seven cases of Korean firms doing business in Mongolia (SK Telecom, Samsung S1, T-Money, E1 Energy, Cafe Bene, E-Mart, and CU). Methodology - this study is based on numerous primary and secondary data about the Mongolian market, as well as Korean firms in Mongolia. Findings - the following three implications were derived from our case analysis: first, when entering into Mongolia, a thorough analysis of political and social risks and a good understanding of institutional voids should be preceded. Second, for this reason, entering through cooperation with local partners, such as joint ventures or franchising, is expected to increase the possibility of success. Third, unlike in the early days of Korean firms in Mongolia, the business environment in Mongolia has become more stable and predictable, and a friendly atmosphere for Koreans and Korean firms is forming, increasing the possibility of success and settlement of Korean firms. Research implications - this study contributes to extant literature by providing more systematic research on Korean firms in Mongolia and by presenting practical implications through the analysis of success and failure cases of Korean firms in the Mongolian market.

• 수완나부미
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-53
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• 2016

Debates continue to multiply on the definition and rationale of Southeast Asia as a region and on the utility of the multidisciplinary field of area studies. However, we have now entered a post-colonialist, post-Orientalist, post-structuralist stage of reflection and re-orientation in the era of globalization, and a strong tendency on the part of insiders to pose these issues in terms of an insider-outsider dichotomy. On the one hand, the study of Southeast Asia for researchers from outside the region has become fragmented. This is for very obvious reasons: the strengthening and re-energizing of academic disciplines, the increasing popularity of other non-regional multidisciplinary studies, and the entry of globalization studies into our field of vision. On the other hand, how has the local Southeast Asian academy addressed these major issues of change in conceptualizing the region from an insider perspective? In filling in and giving substance to an outsider, primarily Euro-American-Australian-centric definition and vision of Southeast Asia, some local academics have recently been inclined to construct Southeast Asia in terms of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): a nation-state-based, institutional definition of what a region comprises. Others continue to operate at a localized level exploring small-scale communities and territories, while a modest number focus on sub-regional issues (the Malay-Indonesian world or the Mekong sub-region are examples). However, further reflections suggest that the Euro-American-Australian hegemony is a thing of the past and the ground has shifted to a much greater emphasis on academic activity within the region. Southeast Asia-based academics are also finding it much more important to network within the region and to capture, understand, and analyze what Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scholars are saying about Southeast Asia, its present circumstances and trajectories, and their increasingly close involvement with the region within a greater Asia-Pacific rim. The paper argues that the insider-outsider dichotomy requires considerable qualification. It is a neat way of dramatizing the aftermath of colonialism and Orientalism and of reasserting local priorities, agendas, and interests. But there might be a way forward in resolving at least some of these apparently opposed positions with recourse to the concepts of culture and identity in order to address Southeast Asian diversities, movements, encounters, hybridization, and hierarchies.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2013

2012년 통가해저열수광상 개발 사업의 일환으로 통가아크 해저산 TA25에서 ROV와 GTV를 이용하여 열수황화물광체를 채취하였다. 채취된 광체 중 본 연구에서는 약 $200^{\circ}C$의 열수분출을 보인 고온성 활성침니(ROV01), $80^{\circ}C$의 열수분출을 보인 저온성 활성침니(GTV01), 그리고 비활성침니(ROV02)를 이용하여, 암석자기학적 특성을 규명하고 이를 바탕으로 광체의 진화과정을 알아보고자 하였다. ROV01의 자기적 특성은 주로 자류철석에 의해 나타나며, GTV01의 경우 광체내부는 자류철석이 주로 나타나지만 외곽으로 갈수록 자류철석과 적철석이 혼재하게 된다. 비활성침니인 ROV02는 오랜 산화작용으로 인해 외곽에서 적철석뿐만 아니라 침철석이 자류철석과 함께 나타나고, 최외곽에서는 magnetotactic bacteria의 작용에 의해 자철석이 존재한다. 포화잔류자화(saturation magnetic remanent magnetization, SIRM), 비자기이력잔류자화(anhysteretic remanent magnetization, ARM)/SIRM으로 나타낸 자성광물의 함량과 입자크기 변화는 침니의 특성에 따라 뚜렷한 차이가 난다. 고온의 ROV01에서 가장 적은 함량과 작은 입자크기를 보이며, 저온의 GTV01에서 점차 증가하다가 비활성침니인 ROV02에서 가장 높은 함량과 큰 입자크기를 나타내게 된다. 이러한 결과는 자성광물의 종류, 함량, 입자크기 변화 등의 암석자기학적 특성을 이용하여 기존 광물학적 접근방법으로 추적에 한계가 있었던 열수황화물광체의 진화과정에 대한 정보를 획득할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2013

Objectives: Emerging evidence indicates that sleep duration is associated with health outcomes. However, the relationship of sleep duration with long-term health is unclear. This study was designed to determine the relationship of sleep duration with mortality as a parameter for long-term health in a large prospective cohort study in Korea. Methods: The study population included 13 164 participants aged over 20 years from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort study. Information on sleep duration was obtained through a structured questionnaire interview. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were estimated using a Cox regression model. The non-linear relationship between sleep duration and mortality was examined non-parametrically using restricted cubic splines. Results: The HRs for all-cause mortality showed a U-shape, with the lowest point at sleep duration of 7 to 8 hours. There was an increased risk of death among persons with sleep duration of ${\leq}5$ hours (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.41) and of ${\geq}10$ hours (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.72). In stratified analysis, this relationship of HR was seen in women and in participants aged ${\geq}60$ years. Risk of cardiovascular disease-specific mortality was associated with a sleep duration of ${\leq}5$ hours (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.93). Risk of death from respiratory disease was associated with sleep duration at both extremes (${\leq}5$ and ${\geq}10$ hours). Conclusions: Sleep durations of 7 to 8 hours may be recommended to the public for a general healthy lifestyle in Korea.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

최근 환태평양 조산대를 중심으로 일본 및 동남아, 중국 지역 등에서 지진 및 화산활동이 상당히 활발하게 발생하고 있으며, 발생 주기간격도 짧아지고 있다. 또한, 국내에도 활동 중인 대형화산인 백두산이 있으나 현재 존재하고 있는 화산재해 관련된 법규체계 및 지침 등은 화산재난에 대하여 대처하는데 있어 대응내용이 매우 부족한 실정이며, 대형 화산폭발 매뉴얼 역시 화산재해에 대한 대응방안이 구체적으로 제시되지 않고 있다. 현재 지속적으로 발생되고 있는 일본과 중국의 화산활동과 분화조짐이 점점 확실해져가는 백두산의 분화에 대하여 체계적인 방재대책을 수립하여 대비가 필요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 기존 화산재해 관련 항공안전 매뉴얼 및 관련된 법규 체계를 분석하여 화산재해에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있도록 관련 법규 및 규정 등에 대한 개선안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구의 결과는 화산재해 발생 시 항공교통분야와 관련된 법규체계의 정리를 통해 현행 법규제도의 문제점을 개선하고, 보다 효율적인 매뉴얼 및 지침의 작성으로 재난현장에서 매뉴얼이 원활히 작동하여 제 기능을 발휘하는데 바탕이 되게 할 것으로 기대된다

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.827-830
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• 2006

The tsunami from the megathrust earthquake magnitude 9.3 on 26 December 2004 is the largest tsunami the world has known in over forty years. This tsunami destructively attacked 13 countries around Indian Ocean with at least 230,000 fatalities, displaced people 2,089,883 and 1.5 million people who lost their livelihoods. The ratio of women and children killed to men is 3 to 1. The total damage costs US$ 10.73 billion and rebuilding costs US$ 10.375 billion. The tsunami's death toll could have been drastically reduced, if the warning was disseminated quickly and effectively to the coastal dwellers along the Indian Ocean rim. With a warning system in Indian Ocean similar to that operating in the Pacific Ocean since 1965, it would have been possible to warn, evacuate and save countless lives. The best tribute we can pay to all who perished or suffered in this disaster is to heed its powerful lessons. UNESCO/IOC have put their tremendous effort on better disaster preparedness, functional early warning systems and realistic arrangements to cope with tsunami disaster. They organized ICG/IOTWS (Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System) and the third of this meeting is held in Bali, Indonesia during $31^{st}$ July to $4^{th}$ August 2006. A US$ 53 million interim warning system using tidal gauges and undersea sensors is nearing completion in the Indian Ocean with the assistance from IOC. The tsunami warning depends strictly on an early detection of a tsunami (wave) perturbation in the ocean itself. It does not and cannot depend on seismological information alone. In the case of 26 December 2004 tsunami when the NOAA/PMEL DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) system has not been deployed, the initialized input of sea surface perturbation for the MOST (Method Of Splitting Tsunami) model was from the tsunamigenic-earthquake source model. It is the first time that the satellite altimeters can detect the signal of tsunami wave in the Bay of Bengal and was used to validate the output from the MOST model in the deep ocean. In the case of Thailand, the inundation part of the MOST model was run from Sumatra 2004 for inundation mapping purposes. The medium and high resolution satellite data were used to assess the degree of the damage from Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 with NDVI classification at 6 provinces on the Andaman seacoast of Thailand. With the tide-gauge station data, run-up surveys, bathymetry and coastal topography data and land-use classification from satellite imageries, we can use these information for coastal zone management on evacuation plan and construction code.