• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1587-1592
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• 2011

The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug in human body, using a solid dispersion technique (hot melt extrusion). The solid dispersion was prepared by cooling the hot melt of the drug in the carrier (Vitamin E TPGS and PVP). The dissolution rate of formulation 1 from a novel formulation prepared by solid dispersion technique was equal to release of formulation 6 (40% of eprosartan mesylate is in contrast to teveten$^{(R)}$) within 60 min (Table 1). The oral bioavailability of new eprosartan mesylate tablet having vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29 was tested on rats and dogs. Of the absorption enhancer and polymer tested, vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29, resulted in the greatest increases of AUC in animals (about 2.5-fold increase in rat and dog). When eprosartan mesylate was mixed with the absorption enhancer and polymer in a ratio of 2.94:2:1, vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29 improved eprosartan mesylate bioavailability significantly compared with the conventional immediate release (IR) tablet Teveten$^{(R)}$ (formulation 7). These results show that solid dispersion using vitamin E TPGS and PVP K29 is a promising approach for developing eprosartan mesylate drug products.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 2005

Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)$_5$) Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as surface-modifying agent to control the size of the iron oxide nanoparticles. The crystalline structure of PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles was determined by XRD. The size of PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles was determined by TEM and ELS. The particle sizes of PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles were controlled by adjusting the molar ratio of PVP/Fe (CO)$_5$, solvent and molecular weight of PVP Particle sizes increased with increasing PVP content. Spherical $50\~100$ nm sized iron oxide nanoclusters were produced when dimethylformamide was used as a solvent. And well-defined 10 nm iron oxide nanoparticles were produced in Carbitol. The prepared PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a well-dispersed property in water. The results obtained in this study confirmed the feasibility of the PVP-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a biomaterial for MRI contrast agent.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.174-182
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• 2020

The printed electronics field using ink-jet printing technology is in the spotlight as a next-generation technology, especially ink-jet 3D printing, which can simultaneously discharge and precisely control various ink materials, has been actively researched in recent years. In this study, complex structure of an insulating layer and a conductive layer was fabricated with photo-curable silica ink and PVP-added Cu nano ink using ink-jet 3D printing technology. A precise photocured silica insulating layer was designed by optimizing the printing conditions and the rheological properties of the ink, and the resistance of the insulating layer was 2.43 × 10¹³ Ω·cm. On the photo-cured silica insulating layer, a Cu conductive layer was printed by controlling droplet distance. The sintering of the PVP-added nano Cu ink was performed using an IPL flash sintering process, and electrical and mechanical properties were confirmed according to the annealing temperature and applied voltage. Finally, it was confirmed that the resistance of the PVP-added Cu conductive layer was very low as 29 μΩ·cm under 100℃ annealing temperature and 700 V of IPL applied voltage, and the adhesion to the photo-cured silica insulating layer was very good.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 1999

Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) was used as a screening technique for assessing the compatibility of some drugs with excipients. On the basis of DSC results, interaction of ibuprofen with PVP K40 was found and eutectic formations with PEG 6000 or magnesium stearate were demonstrated. Fenoprofen Ca was found to interact with PEG 6000. Naproxen showed interactions with PEG 6000, PVP K40, PVPP and Mg stearate. Interactions of tiaprofenic acid with PVP K40 or PVPP were found and eutectic formations with PEG 6000 or Mg stearate were observed. Bisoprolol hemifumarate, metoprolol tartrate and penbutolol sulfate were found to interact with lactose.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.632-643
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• 1994

Background: The objective responses of cisplatin and etoposide (PVP) combination chemotherapy as second-line therapy following CAV was high (40~50%) and, in several reports, PVP yields survival results that are at least as good as those obtained with cyclophosphamide or doxorubicin-based regimens and with less host-related toxicity in chemotherapy-naive patients. We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the effect of a combination of cisplatin and etoposide as a fitst-line therapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. Methods: Sixty-one previously untreated small cell lung cancer patients with measurable lesion (s) received cisplatin(30 $mg/m^2$ IV, day 1~3) and etoposide(100 $mg/m^2$ IV, day 1~3). In patients with limited disease, after completion of 6 cycles of PVP chemotherapy, chest and prophylatic brain irradiation was performed in case of complete responder, chest irradiation on1y in partial responder. Results: 1) Of 55 evaluable patients, 13(24%) had a complete response and 29(53%) had a partial response. 2) The median survival time was 55.8 weeks for all patients(N=55), 61.1 weeks for limited disease(N=31), 51.3 weeks for extensive disease(N=24). 3) The response duration was 29.1 weeks for responders(N=42). 4) There was no significant prognostic factors influencing response rates. 5) The toxicity was tolerable and there was no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: The PVP combination chemotherapy as a first-line therapy was effective and well-tolerated in patients with small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2005

The present study examines the effects of kinds and concentrations of cryoprotectants, PVP and sucrose and trehalose on the survival rate of vitrified porcine embryos. 1. The developmental stages for the embryos used in vitrification were $245(23.0\%)$ for 2 cell stage, $256(24.1\%)$ for the blastocyst, $234(22.0\%)$ for the early blastocyst $221(20.8\%)$ from the expanded blastocyst and $107(10.1\%)$ from hatching blastocyst out of 1,063 embryos. 2 The survival rate of morula, early blastocyst and expanded blastocyst vitrification-thawed with EDT and EGS were $69.1\%,\;70.3\%,\;69.8\%\;and\;62.5\%,\;61.7\%,\;63.6\%$, respectively. The expanded blastocyst treated with EDS showed the highest survival rate compared with the other cryoprotectants. 3. The survival rate of early blastocyst, expanded blastocyst and hatching blastocyst vitrification-thawed with EDS diluted in $medium + 10\%$ FCS were $61.1\%,\;27.8\%,\;16.7\%$, respectively. This result were love. than the control of group $(92.3\%,\;71.2\%,\; 55.8\%)$. 4. The survival rate of embryos vitrified with EDS and EDT supplemented with $10\%\;and\;20\%$ PVP were $74.3\%,\;77.5\%\;and\;79.4\%,\;71.1\%$, respectively. The survival rate of vitrified embryos cultured for $24\~48$ hours were $37.1\%,\; 40.0\%\;and\;35.3\%,\;31.6\%$ which were significantly lower than that of non-cultured embryos. The survival rate of embryos vitrified with EDS and EDT supplemented between $10\%\;or\;20\%$ PVP did not have a significant difference. 5. The survival rate of embryos vitrification-thawed with EDS to morula, early blastocyst, expanded blastocyst and hatching blastocyst were $58.2\%,\; 36.4\%,\;14.5\%$ to morula, $62.5\%,\;45.8\%,\;20.8\%$ to early blastocyst, $74.1\%,\;61.1\%,\;29.6\%$ to expanded blastocyst and $60.0\%,\;40.0\%,\;14.0\%$ to hatching blastocyst.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1484-1490
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• 2000

Objectives : In spinal metastasis and myeloma, percutaneous vertebroplasty could be an effective treatment method to provide spinal stabilization and to relief pain for early rehabilitation. The authors report twenty-five cases the clinical results of percutaneous vertebroplasty for twenty-five cases of spinal metastasis and myeloma. Materials and Methods : From September 1998 to December 1999, seventy percutaneous vertebroplasties(PVP) were performed for spinal metastases and myeloma in 25 patients, sixteen women and nine men ranging in age from 34 to 74. The primary malignancies were 6 multiple myelomas, and in metastatic tumore from various origin. All patients complained of severe pain and had osteolytic vertebral body destructions without spinal cord compression. To evaluate clinical improvement, suObjective verbal analogue pain score(VAS) and Karnofsky performance scale(KPS) were used. Thin sliced(2mm-thickness) sectional computed tomography(CT) was performed before and after PVP. Plain X-ray film was followed up every 1 month to assess the vertebral column stability. Results : In 25 patients, a total of seventy PVPS were performed successfully : 6 cervical, 33 thoracic and 31 lumbar vertebrae. Most patients had clear improvement of pain after PVP ; mean as score was 8.1 and 2.9 before and after PVP, respectively. Improvement was maintained in most patients. No further collapse of treated vertebrae was observed(mean follow-up, 7 months). Leakage of PMMA was notod in the spinal canal(13 levels), neural foramen (2 levels), adjacent disk(15 levels), paravertebral soft tissue(14 levels) and vein(8 levels). Pulmonary embolism was detected in three patients after the procedure, but was not associated with clinical symptoms. Conclusion : These results indicate that percutaneous vertebroplasty can be valuable treatment method in osteolytic spinal metastasis and myeloma, providing immediate pain relief and spinal stabilization and contributing to early rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.379-382
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• 2019

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles (NPs) made an aqueous environment via the reduction of HAuCl₄ by ascorbic acid (AC) with the surfactant of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Highly monodisperse gold particles with size ranges from 4 to 20 nm were prepared in high-yield by pH control. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were analyzed for structural and optical properties using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. In this study, we could reveal that the prepared nanoparticles exhibited efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties, and their SERS activities depends on size.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.348-354
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• 2019

Recently, the application range of organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) technology has been expanding, requiring membranes with better performance. In this work, thin film composite (TFC) OSN membrane was fabricated. First, ultrafiltration support membrane was prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) technique using polysulfone (PSf) and polyethersulfone (PES). Then, the effect of pore forming additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and pluronic F-127 were employed to improve the membrane permeance. The well-known interfacial polymerization technique was employed using MPD-TMC chemistry to form a thin film on top of the fabricated support, and its solvent permeance and nanofiltration performance was characterized. It was found that polyethersulfone support exhibited more reliable performance compared to polysulfone, and PVP additive was more effective compared to Pluronic F-127. As for the oSN performance, polar aprotic solvents like acetonitrile show significantly higher flux (986.5 L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1) compared to water and EtOH (9.5 L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1).

• Investigative and Clinical Urology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.392-398
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the initial experience and outcome of photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Pakistan with the use of a 980 nm diode laser. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed from November 2016 to December 2017. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH who planned for PVP were enrolled in the study. PVP was carried out with a diode laser at 980 nm (Biolitec Diode 180W laser) in a continuous wave with a 600 nm (twister) fiber. Baseline characteristics and perioperative data were compared. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post void residual (PVR) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: The mean age was $65.82{\pm}10.42$, mean prostate size was $67.35{\pm}16.42$, operative time was $55.85{\pm}18.01$ and total energy was $198.68{\pm}49.12kJ$. At 3 months and 6 months, significant improvements were noted (p<0.001) in IPSS $7.04{\pm}1.69$ (-18.92), Qmax $19.22{\pm}4.75mL/s$ (+13.09) and and PVR $18.89{\pm}5.39mL$ (-112.80). Most frequent problems were burning micturition (35%) and terminal dysuria (29%). No significant difference in postoperative hemoglobin was seen in patients who were on anti-platelet drugs. Conclusions: PVP with a diode laser is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of BPH and is also safe in patients who are on anti-platelet agents.