• Title/Summary/Keyword: PVC 멤브레인

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Preparation and Characterization of a Cross-Linked Anion-Exchange Membrane Based on PVC for Electrochemical Capacitor (전기화학 캐퍼시터용 PVC기반 가교 음이온교환 멤브레인의 제조 및 특성)

  • Kim, Young-Ji;Kim, Soo-Yeoun;Choi, Seong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.903-913
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    • 2021
  • Three-type PVC membranes denoted by AEM-1, AEM-2, and AEM-3 with a cross-linked anion-exchange group were prepared by substitution reaction of PVC with triethyldiamine (TEDA), 1,4-dimethylpiperazine (DMP), and 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (BIB) in cyclohexanone, respectively. We confirmed the successful preparation of the AEM-1, AEM-2, and AEM-3 via ionic conductivity (S/cm), water uptake (%), contact angle, ion-exchange capacity (meq/g), thermal properties, SEM and XPS analysis, respectively. The electrochemical capacitor experiments using PVC membrane with cross-linked anion-exchange group in organic electrolytes were performed. The prepared AEM-1, AEM-2 AEM-3 have a good stability by charge and discharge performance in organic electrolyte. As a result, the AEM-2 and AEM-3 membrane based on PVC prepared by the solvent casting method after substituent reaction is suitable for the use as a separator in organic electrochemical capacitor (supercapacitor).

Gas Permeation Characteristics of PVC/PS Blend Laminated Membranes Prepared by Water Casting (PVC/PS 혼합 수면 전개 적층막의 기체투과 특성)

  • 남석태;최호상;김병식
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.108-116
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    • 1993
  • In PVC/PS pelyblend laminated membranes, perrneabilities were increased as increasing the blend ratio of PS and selectivities were increased with increasing the blend ratio of PVC. The gas permeation mechanism was shifted from the combination of Poiseuille and Knudsen flow model to the solution-diffusion model as decreasing the PS blend ratio. The structure of polyblend laminated membranes showed series model, where PS rich phase was formed at air side and PVC rich phase was at water side. The model of permeation in the polyblend laminated membranes also showed series model structure.

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The Relationship Between the Permeation Rate and the Solubility Parameter for Polyethylene-n-Hexane-Benzene System in Pervaporation (폴리에틸렌-n-헥산-벤젠계에 대한 투과속도와 용해도 파라메타 사이의 관계)

  • Rhim, Ji-Won
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.136-139
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    • 1993
  • It is well known that the membrane permeation in pervaporation is governed by both the chemical nature of the membrane material and the physical structure of the membrane and also the separation can be achieved by differences in either solubility, size or shape. The solubility of the penerrant in the polymeric membrane can be described qualitively by applying the Hildebrand relation [1] which relates the energy of mixing of the penerrant and the polymer material. Froehling et al. have tried to predict the swelling behavior of polymers for the systems of polyvinylchloride(PVC)-toluene-methanol, PVC-trichloroethylene-nitromethane and PVC-n-butylacetate-nitromethane[2]. The former two systems which do not show the donor/acceptor interactions upon mixing showed the successful results[2]. In addition to this technique, there are several other possible approaches to predict the swelling behaviors of polymers, such as the surface thermodynamic approach[3, 4], the comparison of the membrane polarity with the solvent polarity in terms of Dimroth's solvent polarity value[5].

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Effect of Synthetic MSW Leachate on Chemical Compatibility of PVC Geomembrane (PVC 지오멤브레인의 화학적 적합성에 합성 MSW 침출수가 미치는 영향분석)

  • Choi, Hangseok
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.39-44
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    • 2006
  • The resistance of flexible PVC geomembranes to leachate chemicals is an important factor when PVC geomembranes are being considered as a barrier layer in a composite liner system. This paper describes laboratory test results that evaluate the chemical compatibility of a 0.76 mm (30 mil) thick flexible PVC geomembrane exposed to a synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate. Changes in dimensional, physical, and mechanical properties were measured after exposure to the synthetic MSW leachate at $23^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Although some variability of the test results is observed due to experimental factors and product variability, the synthetic MSW leachate did not significantly degrade the physical or mechanical properties of the flexible PVC geomembrane. As a result, this paper will conclude the PVC geomembranes are not adversely affected by the synthetic MSW leachate.

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Preparation of Proton Conducting Anhydrous Membranes Using Poly(vinyl chloride) Comb-like Copolymer (Poly(vinyl chloride) 빗살형 공중합체를 이용한 무가습 수소이온 전도성 전해질막의 제조)

  • Kim, Jong-Hak;Koh, Joo-Hwan;Seo, Jin-Ah;Ahn, Sung-Hoon;Zeng, Xiaolei
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2009
  • A comb-like copolymer consisting of a poly(vinyl chloride) backbone and poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate) side chains, i.e. PVC-g-PHEA, was synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This comb-like copolymer was crosslinked with 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid (IDA) via the esterification of the -OH groups of PHEA in the graft copolymer and the -COOH groups of IDA. Upon doping with phosphoric acid (PA, $H_3PO_4$) to form imidazole-PA complexes, the proton conductivity of the membranes continuously increased with increasing PA content. A maximum proton conductivity of 0.011 S/cm was achieved at $100^{\circ}C$ under anhydrous conditions. The PVC-g-PHEA/IDA/PA complex membranes exhibited good mechanical properties, i.e. 575 MPa of Young's modulus, as determined by a universal testing machine (UTM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the membranes were thermally stable up to $200^{\circ}C$.

Preparation of Poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) Composite Nanofiltration Membranes (폴리비닐클로라이드-그래프트-폴리스티렌 술폰산 복합 나노막 제조)

  • Kim, Jong-Hak;Park, Jung-Tae;Koh, Joo-Hwan;Roh, Dong-Kyu;Seo, Jin-Ah
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 2008
  • Nanofiltration membranes were prepared based on coating a sulfonated comb-like copolymer layer on top of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) support. The comb-like copolymer comprising poly(vinyl chloride) backbone and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) side chains, i.e. PVC-g-PSSA was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using direct initiation of the secondary chlorines of PVC. The successful synthesis of graft copolymers were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$-NMR), FT-IR spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Composite nanofiltration membranes consisting PVC-g-PSSA as a top layer exhibited the increase of both rejections and solution flux with increasing PSSA concentration. This performance enhancement is presumably due to the increase of SO3H groups and membrane hydrophilicity. The rejections of composite membranes containing 71 wt% of PSSA were 88% for $Na_2SO_4$ and 33% for NaCl, and the solution flux were 26 and $34L/m^2h$, respectively, at 0.3 MPa pressure.

The Spreading Characteristics of the (Polymer/18-Crown-6) Composite Solution for Water Cast-Membranes ((Polymer/18-Crown-6)복합박막 제조용액의 수면전개 특성)

  • 남석태;최호상;최성부;김병식
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 1996
  • The (polymer/carrier) composite membranes for separating the metallic ion have been prepared by the water cast-method. The morphology of these membranes was affected by the physical properties of the spreading solution. The surface tension of the (polymer/18-crown-6) composite solution was decreased with increasing the concentration of 18-crown-6 compound and the surface tension of polymer solution decreased the following order PVC>PS>CA. The viscosity of CA solution decreased with increasing the contents of the 18-crown-6 compound, but PVC and PS solutions showed no significance changes according as the concentration of 18-crown-6 compound. In the composite solutions, the spreading ability was improved by' the cyclic 18-crown-6 molecules which acted as an electric buffer and diminished the intermolecular force between the polymer chains. The (polymer/18-crown-6) composite membrane was more uniform than that of the mono polymer membrane on the coagulation state of polymer, and the top and bottom sides of membrane showed also the more smooth structure according as the concentration increment of 18-crown-6 molecule.

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Preparation of Ag Nanoparticles by Templating Poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) Graft Copolymer Membrane (Poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) 가지형 공중합체막을 이용한 은 나노입자 제조)

  • Byun, Su-Jin;Seo, Jin-Ah;Chi, Won-Seok;Shul, Yong-Gun;Kim, Jong-Hak
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2011
  • An amphiphilic graft copolymer consisting of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) backbone and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) side chains (PVC-g-PSSA) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This polymer electrolyte membrane was ion-exchanged to Ag ions by immersing in 10 wt% $AgNO_3$ aqueous solution and templated the growth of Ag nanoparticles by a reducing agent. The formation of Ag nanoparticles was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that utilization of $NaBH_4$ was the most effective in the formation of Ag nanoparticles with 10~15 nm in size. The formation of Ag nanoparticles was also strongly affected by the concentration of reducing agent and reduction time.

Proton Conducting Composite Membranes Consisting of PVC-g-PSSA Graft Copolymer and Heteropolyacid (PVC-g-PSSA가지형 공중합체와 헤테로폴리산을 이용한 수소이온 전도성 복합 전해질막)

  • Kim, Jong-Hak;Koh, Jong-Kwan;Choi, Jin-Kyu;Yeon, Seung-Hyeon;Ahn, Ik-Sung;Park, Jin-Won
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.96-103
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    • 2009
  • A series of organic-inorganic composite membranes from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) graft copolymer electrolyte and heteropolyacid (HPA) were prepared for proton conducting membranes. First, poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PVC-g-PSSA) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using direct initiation of the secondary chlorines of PVC. HPA nanoparticles were then incorporated into the PVC-g-PSSA graft copolymer though the hydrogen bonding interactions, as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The proton conductivity of the composite membranes increased from 0.049 to 0.068 S/cm at room temperature with HPA contents up to 0.3 weight traction of HPA, presumably due to both the intrinsic conductivity of HPA particles and the enhanced acidity of the sulfonic acid of the graft copolymer. The water uptake decreased from 130 to 84% with the increase of HPA contents up to 0.45 of HPA weight traction, resulting from the decrease in number of water absorption sites due to hydrogen bonding interaction between the HPA particles and the polymer matrix. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the enhancement of thermal stabilities of the composite membranes with increasing concentration of HPA.

Synthesis of Porous $TiO_2$ Thin Films Using PVC-g-PSSA Graft Copolymer and Their Use in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (PVC-g-PSSA 가지형 공중합체를 이용한 다공성 $TiO_2$ 박막의 합성 및 염료감응 태양전지 응용)

  • Byun, Su-Jin;Seo, Jin-Ah;Chi, Won-Seok;Shul, Yong-Gun;Kim, Jong-Hak
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.193-200
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    • 2011
  • An amphiphilic graft copolymer comprising a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) backbone and poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) side chains (PVC-g-PSSA) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Mesoporous titanium dioxide $(TiO_2)$ films with crystalline anatase phase were synthesized via a sol-gel process by templating PVC-g-PSSA graft copolymer. Titanium isopropoxide (TTIP), a $TiO_2$ precursor was selectively incorporated into the hydrophilic PSSA domains of the graft copolymer and grew to form mesoporous $TiO_2$ films, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The performances of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were systematically investigated by varying spin coating times and the amounts of P25 nanoparticies. The energy conversion efficiency reached up to 2.7% at 100 mW/$cm^2$ upon using quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte.