• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.185-206
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• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacopuncture treatment for insomnia disorder to derive clinical evidence and recommendation grades. Methods: Studies that verified effects of pharmacopuncture on primary insomnia were included. Characteristics and quality of included studies were assessed using Risk of Bias (RoB). Results: A total of 25 studies were selected. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and effective rate were primarily used for outcome measurement. Vitamin B12 was the most used pharmacopuncture material. The most frequently used acupuncture point was Anmian (Ex-HN). The volume of the acupuncture solution ranged from 0.25 mL to 2 mL. Acupuncture treatment depth was 0.5 cm to 2 cm. In three studies, the procedure was performed at 16:00. Meta-analysis of studies revealed that the effective rate of the pharmacopuncture group was significantly higher than the group using sleeping pills group (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.45, p=0.04, I²=69%). PSQI was decreased in the intervention group (MD=-2.19, 95% CI: -2.90 to -1.48, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Effective rates of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture groups were higher than that of the acupuncture group (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.17, p=0.0002, I²=0%). PSQI was decreased in the intervention group (MD=-1.87, 95% CI: -2.36 to -1.38, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Although the effectiveness rate of the pharmacopuncture group was not significantly higher than that of the acupuncture group (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.27, p=0.1, I²=9%), the PSQI was decreased in the pharmacopuncture group (MD=-2.10, 05% CI: -3.29 to -0.91, p=0.0005, I²=34%). The quality of clinical studies was poor. Conclusions: Based on results of this study, it is proper to use 0.5 to 2 mL of pharmacopuncture solution such as Danshen and Ciwujia with a depth of 0.5 to 2 cm at around 4 p.m. to treat insomnia disorder, focusing on Anmian (Ex-HN) and Sameumgyo (SP6).

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.89-108
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was to investigate the relation of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and Diagnos system of oriental medicine(DSOM) in the Insomnia Patients. Methods: For this study, we carried out PSQI and DSOM of 92 patients with insomnia who have come to Kijang public health center and Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from November 2008 to October 2009. We verified the association of PSQI and DSOM using crosstabulation analysis, independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis. Results: 1. Blood-deficiency(血虛) is the most frequent pathogenic factor and frequency of nightmare has positive correlation with that factor including heart(心) in total insomnia patients. 2. Female patients have a higher percentage of chronic insomnia than male patients. 3. As patients aged, maintaining sleep gets harder, sleep time is lessening, taking hypnotics is increasing and quality of sleep gets worse. 4. There is high frequency of chronic insomnia in 40~50 years and over 60 years old. Also, the people who are over 60 years of age tend to sleepless and urinated frequently during the middle of the night. The people with the age of 20~30 years tend to take less sleeping pills and frequency of sleeping during daytime is higher than the other age groups but the quality of sleep is quite good. 5. The patient with over 6 months of chronic insomnia tend to be older in age than the patient with less than 6 months. And the patient with chronic sleeping disorder has frequent pain and the quality of sleep is very poor. 6. The patient who took hypnotics tend to be older than hypnotics non-user and frequency of urination was relatively high. 7. The patient who visited oriental medical hospital were tend to be older and get difficult in maintaining sleep. And frequency of taking hypnotics and urinating during night were tend to be higher and the quality of sleep was poor compared with the patient who visited public health center. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the complicated relations of the associated symptom of insomnia with Diagnos system of oriental medicine. And especially this study showed apparent correlation between nightmare in insomnia patients and pathogenic factor of blood-deficiency and heart. Specific correlations and characteristics in this study could be connect develop of new questionaire of insomnia.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2017

목적 : 본 연구는 비숙면군 대학생의 감각처리특성과 수면의 질의 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 부산광역시, 경상남도, 대구광역시, 그리고 경상북도에 소재한 6개 대학의 만 18세~25세 대학생 191명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구는 한글판 청소년/성인 감각 프로파일(Adolescent/Adults Sensory Profile; AASP)과 피츠버그 수면의 질 지수(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI)를 사용하였다. 분석방법은 감각처리특성과 수면의 질의 관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson 상관분석을 사용하였다. 결과 : 본 연구의 참가자들 중 비숙면군에서 감각처리특성과 수면의 질의 상관관계검증 결과, 등록 저하, 감각 민감성, 감각 회피, 감각 추구의 모든 감각특성이 수면의 질 항목 중 수면 방해와 정적 상관관계를 나타냈다. 수면의 질 항목 중 주간 기능장애는 등록 저하와 감각 민감성과 정적 상관관계를 나타냈다. 결론 : 대학생의 수면장애와 감각처리특성을 이해하는데 도움을 제공하며, 관련 연구의 기초 자료로 사용할 수 있다. 앞으로 대학생만이 아니라 아동, 성인, 노인을 대상으로 수면과 감각처리특성에 관한 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.688-698
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the overall effects and the clinical effect of Korean medicine treatment on chronic atypical chest pain. Case Report: A 56-year-old male patient suffering from chronic atypical chest pain was treated with herbal medicine and acupuncture. We used the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a verbal numerical rating score (VNRS) to assess the patient's symptoms. The administration of the new herbal medicine and local acupuncture point stimulation improved the chest pain and dyspnea symptoms. No side effects were observed during the treatment. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that Korean medicine treatments, such as herbal medicine and local acupuncture point stimulation, may be effective as treatments for atypical chest pain and secondary symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2019

목 적 : 양극성 장애 환자의 기능은 증상의 심각도, 약물 순응도, 수면의 질, 사회적 지지와 관련되어 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는, 정신사회적 요인들과 인구학적 요인들이 양극성 장애 환자의 기능 상태와 갖는 연관성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구에서는 양극성 장애 환자 52명을 대상으로 하였다. 다음과 같은 임상적 척도들이 수행되었다: 한국판 personal and social performance scale (K-PSP), 한국판 Hamilton rating scale for depression (K-HDRS), 한국판 young mania rating scale (K-YMRS), 한국판 Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI-K), 한국판 drug attitude inventory (K-DAI), mood disorders insight scale (MDIS), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). 연구 대상의 기능 상태와 임상적 변수들 간의 관계는 상관 분석을 사용하여 분석하였고, 이어 다중 선형 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 전체 K-PSP 점수의 평균은 $57.92{\pm}13.76$이었다. 전체 K-PSP 점수는 K-HDRS 점수와는 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다(r = -0.387, p = 0.005). 반면, K-YMRS 점수와 전체 K-PSP 점수는 통계적으로 의미 있는 관계가 도출되지 않았다(r = -0.205, p = 0.145). 전체 K-PSP 점수는 PSQI-K 총점(r = -0.378, p = 0.005) 및 전반적인 수면의 질(r = -0.353, p = 0.010)과 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 전체 K-PSP 점수는 KDAI 점수(r = 0.409, p = 0.003) 및 총 MSPSS 점수(r = 0.334, p = 0.015)와는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 전체 K-PSP에 대하여 설명 가능한 변수들은 PSQI-K 중 전반적인 수면의 질과 MSPSS 중 가족에 의한 지지였다(adjusted $R^2=28.3%$). 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 우울 증상이 심할수록, 전반적인 수면의 질이 낮을수록, 약물에 대해 부정적으로 인식할수록, 사회적 지지가 적을수록 양극성 장애 환자의 기능 수준이 저하된다는 결과를 제시해주었다. 양극성 장애 환자의 기능 상태는 환자가 보고하는 전반적인 수면의 질과 가족에 의한 사회적 지지를 통해 예측 가능하므로, 환자의 수면 만족도를 증진시키고 가족에 의하여 적절한 지지를 제공하는 것이 양극성 장애 환자의 기능 회복과 사회적 복귀에 있어서 중요한 부분이라고 시사된다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.143-169
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• 2008

Objective: This study was to investigate the relation of what insomnia patients' symptoms with Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Questionaire(IQ). Methods: For this study, we carried out HRV, PSQI and IQ of 43 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from September 2007 to May 2008. We studied the relationship HRV with PSQI and IQ. For every symptom, this study classified the patients as none-symptom, symptom groups and analyzed each group's HRV, PSQI and IQ. Result : 1. The rate of xerostomia in female group is significantly higher than male group. 2. P1 (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), LF has negative correlation with age. The score of PI (hypnagogic time), P3(awakening time), P4(time of recoverable sleep) in the group whose age is more than 50 are higher than the group whose age is lesser than 50. 3. The frequency of using hypnotics(P6) in the group whose duration of onset are over 1 year was significantly higher than the score in the group whose duration of onset were below 1 year. 4. The accompanied symptoms in the group who started sleep disorder after stressor are higher than the number in the group whose duration of onset were poor-defined. 5. The drinking group have lower rate of anorexia, higher score of P1 (hypnagogic time) and TP than non-drinking group. 6. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep) have negative correlation with NNSO, HF, TP and positive correlation with LF/HF. 7. The score of P1(hypnagogic time) have negative correlation with LF. 8. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue) have positive correlation with LF/HF. 9. The score of P5e(frequency of cough or snoring) have negative correlation with RMSSD. 10. The score of I1a(degree of onset insomnia), I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia) have negative correlation with NN50, pNN50, HF. 11. The score of I1c(degree of termination insomnia) have negative correlation with RMSSD, NN50, pNN50, HF, TP and positive correlation with MHR, LF/HF. 12.. The score of P5i(frequency of night pain), LF/HF in the group with headache are higher than the group without headache. 13. The score of P5a(frequency of delayed hypnagogue), P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool) in the group with xerostomia are higher than the group without xerostomia. 14. The score of P9(degree of unrecoverable sleep) and I5a(degree of onset insomnia) in the group with chest discomfort are lower than the group without chest discomfort. 15. The score of P7(frequency of drowsiness for daytime) in the group with palpitation are lower than the group without palpitation. 16. The score of P5c(frequency of awakening for urine of stool), P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), I1c(degree of termination insomnia) in the group with burning sensation of upper trunk are higher than the group without burning sensation. 17. The score of NN50, pNN50, LF, TP in the group with anorexia are lower than the group without anorexia. 18. The score of P-total(general quality of sleep), P2(duration for sleep start) in the group with constipation are higher than the group without constipation. 19. The score of P4(recoverable sleep time) in the group with depression are higher than the group without depression. 20. In the group with anxiety, the score of P1(time of hypnagogue), P5a(frequency of onset insomnia) are lower and the score of I1b(degree of maintenance insomnia), I4(objective degree of impairment by insomnia) are higher than the group without anxiety. 21. The score of NN50, pNN50, HF, TP in the group with inertia are lower than the group without inertia. 22. The accompanied symptoms haver posirive correlation with P5f(frequency of burning sensation), P5h(frequency of nightmare), P5i(frequency of night pain) and LF/HF. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the complicated relations of the pattern of sleep disorder with many symptoms such as headache, chest discomfort, depression and any others. And this study showed that autonomic nervous system have important function in the regulation of sleep.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

목적 : 본 연구는 일부지역 버스운전기사의 일반적 특성과 수면의 질 그리고 작업 능력 간의 상관성을 파악하고, 작업능력에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 버스운전기사 120명을 대상으로 작업 능력의 측정을 위해 작업 능력 지수(Work Ability Index : WAI)를 사용하였고, 수면의 질은 수면의 질 평가(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index : PSQI)를 통해 평가하였다. 작업능력과 수면의 질과의 상관관계를 확인하기 위하여 피어슨 상관분석(Pearson's correlation coefficient)를 이용하였고, 수면의 질이 작업능력에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 단계적 다중 회귀분석(Stepwise regression analysis)을 통해 분석하였다. 결과 : 작업능력에 영향을 미치는 변인들의 상관관계를 분석 한 결과 수면의 질(p<.001)과 근로시간(p<.001) 에서 부적인 상관관계가 나타났다. 최종적으로 수면의 질(p<.001)과 근로시간(p<.01)이 버스운전기사들의 작업능력에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 변인으로 분석되었고, 수정된 결정계수 값($R^2$)이 0.482로 48.2%의 설명력을 보였다. 결론 : 버스운전기사들의 수면의 질과 근로시간이 작업능력에 영향을 미치는 주요 변인으로 파악되었다. 그러므로 버스운전기사의 작업능력을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 수면의 질과 근로시간을 고려하여야 하겠다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out how sleep characteristics by Sasang constitution (SC) appear in Vietnamese immigrant women in Korea, and how sleep aberration by SC affected the quality of life. The number of 217 Vietnamese immigrant women joined this study. We surveyed SC with Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15) and sleep characteristics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) questionnaire. We evaluated quality of life(QoL) with Euro Quality of Life-5Dimension(EQ 5D) questionnaire. A Chi-square test and a one-way ANOVA test were conducted according to SC, and T test also used to compare PSQI groups. Significant p was .05. The number(rate) of Taeeumin(TE), Soeumin(SE), and Soyangin(SY) were 40(18.4%), 55(25.3%), and 122(56.2%) respectively. The distribution of obstructive factors of sleep were significantly different according to SC(Too Cold in Sleeping, x =13.378, p=.037, Too Hot in Sleeping x²=12.834, p=.046). The distribution of daytime drowsiness(x²=15.379, p=.018) and falling concentration power (x²=17.533, p=.008) was significantly different according to SC. The sleep status of the subjects showed a significant negative correlation with the EQ 5D Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) (r =-.399, p<.001), and the EQ 5D Index (r=-.211, p=.002). In the EQ VAS, TE showed a difference between the good and bad sleeping groups (t=3.955, p<.001). SE showed a difference between the two groups in the EQ 5D Index (t=2.332, p=.037). SY did not show a difference between the two groups. This study reveals that sleeping is closely related with QoL and distribution of obstructive factors of sleep may be different according to SC. Further study to confirm the constitutional difference in race at Vietnam is needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.822-830
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• 2016

Objective: To report the effect of Gamiguibi-tang (加味歸脾湯) as a treatment for insomnia. Methods: An insomnia patient who scored 27 points for her insomnia severity index was enrolled in this study. She received oriental treatment with herbal medication (Gamiguibi-tang), acupuncture, and moxibustion for 1 month. Results: After treatment, sleep duration and sleep quality were improved. After the patient had taken Gamiguibi-tang, her score for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) decreased from 21 to 9, and associated symptoms were also improved without taking sleeping pills. Conclusions: Gamiguibi-tang is effective for the treatment of insomnia. More clinical data and studies are required in patients suffering from insomnia.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2010

목 적: 컴퓨터의 보급으로 인터넷 사용이 보편화되면서 인터넷 중독에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 인터넷 중독의 정확한 병태생리에 대한 이해와 진단 기준은 아직 확립되어 있지 않다. 청소년은 발달 과정 중에 있기 때문에 인터넷 중독에 더 취약할 가능성이 있으며, 우울감과 수면 문제에 대한 이해가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 청소년의 인터넷 중독, 수면 양상, 그리고 우울감의 특징과 그 연관성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방 법:서울 시내 일 중, 고등학교의 중학교 2학년(155명), 고등학교 1, 2학년 학생(644명)을 대상으로 하였고 그 중 696명의 설문지를 분석 대상으로 하였다. 설문지에는 Young 인터넷 중독 척도(Young's Internet Addiction Scale, YI-AS), 피츠버그 수면의 질 척도(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality In-dex, PSQI), 우울감 척도(The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D), 그리고 인터넷 사용 패턴과 기본적인 인구학적 정보에 대한 질문들이 포함되었다. 연구 대상자들을 학년별, YIAS 점수에 따라 나누어 비교하였고, YIAS와 다른 변인과의 상관관계를 분석하였다(two-tailed, p<0.05). 결 과: 인터넷 중독군(internet-addicted, IA)은 14명(2.0%), 과사용군(over-using, ou)은 193명(27.7%), 비중독군(not-addicted, NA)군은 489명(70.3%) 이었으며, 전체 대상군의 평균 IAS 점수는 35.24점, PSQI 점수는 5.53점, CES-D 점수는 16.72점이었다. 평일 평균적인 수면 시간은 학년이 올라가면서 점점 감소하였다(F=51.909, p< 0.001). IA군, OU군, NA군으로 나누어 비교하였을 때 컴퓨터를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(96.36${\pm}$63.31분 vs. 134.92${\pm}$86.79분 vs. 213.57${\pm}$136.87분, F=34.287, p<0.001), 휴대용 전자기기를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(84.22${\pm}$79.11분 vs. 96.97${\pm}$91.89분 vs. 152.31${\pm}$93.64분, F=5.400, p=0.005)에 유의한 차이가 있었다. PSQI 총점(5.26${\pm}$2.97 vs. 6.08${\pm}$2.97 vs. 7.50${\pm}$4.41, F= 8.218, p<0.001)과 CES-D 점수(15.40${\pm}$8.08 vs. 19.05${\pm}$8.42 vs. 30.43${\pm}$13.69, F=32.692, p<0.001)에서도 유의한 차이가 있었다. YIAS 점수는 컴퓨터를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(r=0.356, p${\pm}$0.001), 휴대용 전자기기를 공부 이외의 목적으로 사용하는 시간(r=0.136, p<0.001)과 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. YIAS 점수와 PSQI 점수(r= 0.131, p=0.001), YIAS 점수와 CES-D 점수(r=0.265, p< 0.001), PSQI 점수와 CES-D 점수(r=0.357, p<0.001)는 서로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론: 인터넷 중독은 행위 중독의 한 가지로 여러 정신병리와 관련이 있을 뿐만 아니라, 수면의 질을 결정하는 여러 가지 요인들, 우울감과도 밀접한 관련이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 청소년의 인터넷 중독을 평가할 때 동반될 우울감과 수면 양상에 대한 고려가 함께 이루어지는 통합적인 접근이 필요할 것이다.