• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.89-119
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the association of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Insomnia Questionaire(IQ), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Diagnos system of oriental medicine(DSOM) in the Insomnia Patients. Methods : For this study, we carried out PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM of 37 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from November 2008 to May 2009. And Using cross tabulation analysis, verified the association of PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM. Results : 1. The most Frequent Pathogenic Factor is blood-deficiency(血虛) in total patients. 2. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛), damp(濕), kdney(腎) in total patients. 3. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in total patients. 4. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of insufficiency of Yin(陰虛), and the score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of blood stasis(血瘀) and zp of liver(肝) in female patients. 5. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of heart(心), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of liver(肝) in male patients. 6. The duration from onset in the group of 22-59years are longer than the group of 60-80 years and the duration of using hypnotics have positive correlation with total sleep time in 22-59years group. 7. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in 22-59years group. 8. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in 60-80years group. 9. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of blood-deficiency(血虛), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with zp of coldness(寒) in 60-80years group. 10. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of dryness(燥) in below 6 Months Group. 11. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in over 6 Months Group. 12. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in over 6 Months Group. 13. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of dryness(燥) in BDI 2nd Grade Group. 14. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of kidney(腎) and the age has positive correlation with zp of heart(心) in BDI 3rd Grade Group. 15. The age has positive correlation with sc10 of damp(濕) in BDI 4th Grade Group. Conclusions : This study provides insights into the complicated associations of the pattern of insomnia with depression and Diagnos system of oriental medicine. And especially this study showed apparent correlation between insomnia and depression in 60-80years group and over 6 months group.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cold feet and sleep quality using polysomnography (PSG) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Methods : We divided 11 adults (6 females, 5 males) with Insomnia Severity Index score below 21 into cold feet (CF) and a non-cold feet (NCF) group based on the median feet temperature (Taichong, LR3). PSG and PSQI were administered to assess sleep characteristics and subjective sleep quality. Results : CF group exhibited significantly lower time in bed, sleep period time, and total sleep time compared to NCF group. While there were no significant group differences in sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, or total arousal index, NCF group had significantly lower minimum oxygen saturation and apnea-hypopnea index in REM (rapid eye movement) sleep compared to CF group. Although the PSQI score and the proportion of poor sleepers were both higher in the CF group (7.40 and 80%) compared to the NCF group (5.50 and 50%), these differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions : This study showed that foot temperature affects sleep characteristics and suggests the need to utilize PSG in sleep research in Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.566-572
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• 2015

Objectives: The major objective of this study was to analyze insomnia after the change to consecutive day shift from day and night shift in a motor assembly factory. Materials: Data were collected at before and after shift system change through a survey conducted by a labor union. We analyzed transition of PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) among 222 workers by separating the day shift week and night shift week. The cut-off point of insomnia was 8.5 on the PSQI. Results: Mean PSQI in the day shift week significantly did not decrease, going from $6.36{\pm}3.23$ to $6.46{\pm}3.00$(p=0.612 by paired t-test), Mean PSQI for night shift week significantly decreased from $8.31{\pm}3.36$ to $6.19{\pm}3.18$(p<0.001 by paired t-test). However, mean PSQI in the day shift week increased from $6.33{\pm}3.83$ to $7.11{\pm}2.86$ in ${\geq}50$ years(p=0.085, by repeated measured ANOVA). Mean PSQI score in the night shift week improved more in the married group(from $8.38{\pm}3.27$ to $6.12{\pm}3.18$) than in the non-married group(from $7.82{\pm}3.27$ to $6.12{\pm}3.18$)(p=0.038, by repeated measured ANOVA). Conclusions: The change to consecutive day shift improved insomnia in night shift. However, insomnia in the day shift week was worsened among those more than 50 years old.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify changes in physical activity, sleep quality, and quality of life (QOL) during COVID-19 in adults by age group. Methods: An online survey was conducted on a total of 160 participants who were divided into three groups by age; young adults, middle-aged adults, and old adults. The participants responded to the self-reported assessment of the impact of social distancing during COVID-19, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF36). Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were used for data analysis. Results: There were significant differences between the three age groups in physical activity (p<0.05) and PSQI (p<0.01) and a post hoc analysis showed that the young adults' group had significantly higher physical activity than the old adults' group, while the old adults' group had significantly lower scores of PSQI (better sleep quality) than the others. The young adults' group showed a significant negative correlation between the stress from social distancing and QOL (r=-0.27, p<0.05) and between PSQI and QOL (r=-0.48, p<0.05). For the middle-aged adults' group, there was a significant negative correlation between PSQI and QOL (r=-0.53, p<0.05). The old adults' group showed a significant negative correlation between the stress from social distancing and physical activity (r=-0.35, p<0.05) and PSQI (r=-0.50, p<0.05), while there was a significant positive correlation between physical activity and PSQI (r=0.30, p<0.05) and QOL (r=0.30, p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study could be used as basic data for the promotion of physical and mental health in the post-COVID-19 era.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2016

Objectives: To find evidence that sleep is necessary for normal brain function, thus indicating that declines in both sleep quality and quantity are related to worse performance of many daily tasks and deteriorated physical functions. The present study investigates the relationships of balance control and reaction time with sleep quality. Methods: 58 healthy (male 20, female 38) volunteers with informed consent participated in this study. The Self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality and relevant factors, and the subjects were divided into groups A (PSQI < 5) and B ($PSQI{\geq}5$) based on this index. Static balance control and reaction time to visual stimuli were conducted to assess their relationship with sleep quality. Results: Group B exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness significantly more often compared to group A. Static balance control did not markedly change relative to sleep quality, but reaction time and error to visual stimuli were significantly increased in group B compared to group A. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a decline in sleep quality can result in delayed reactions, as well as decreased accuracy of these reactions. They also suggest that low sleep quality may be associated with changes in physical functions, including balance control through reduced selective attention.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.263-274
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the correlation of insomnia, sleep quality, depression, and circadian rhythm in nursing students. Methods: A total of 213 subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of their general characteristics, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), and Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The subjects' mean scores were ISI 7.18; PSQI 11.18; CES-D 16.00; and CSM 30.18. In insomnia, there were significant differences according to caffeine, perceived health status and major satisfaction. In sleep quality, there were significant differences according to perceived health status and major satisfaction. Significant differences in depression were observed according to gender, caffeine, subjective health status, major satisfaction, and circadian rhythm by drinking and exercise. A significant positive correlation was observed among ISI, PSQI, and CES-D. ISI and CES-D were negatively correlated. Conclusion: Tailored health care programs should be developed and applied to prevent and manage sleep-related and emotion-related problems in nursing students by considering the health status, major satisfaction, and gender.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.211-219
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• 2011

Purpose: The study compared the rest-activity rhythm and sleep pattern of elderly with young group. Methods: The subjects were 22 over than 65 years old and 23 under 65 years old. An actigraph, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scale were used as measurement tools for this study. The data were analyzed with $x^2$, Lamda test, t-test and correlation with SPSS 15.0 program. Results: The elderly had lower curve than the young group in rest-activity rhythm on each time zone. In particular, the elderly group had lower rest-activity rhythm curve of 8, 9, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 time zone than those of young group. Sleep pattern had statistical difference in the total sleep time, PSQI and insomnia. Total sleep time of elderly had lower score and PSQI and Insomnia had higher score than young group. Age had correlation with rest-activity rhythm, sleep efficiency, PSQI and insomnia. Conclusion: Rest-activity rhythm of the elderly showed an increase in activity in the early morning because of earlier get up than the young group and an decrease in activity in the afternoon because of taking a nap at this time. Elderly sleep was that total sleep time increased but sleep efficiency decreased and insomnia intensified. This sleep pattern was related to age and rest-activity rhythm.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.188-194
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• 2016

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is ambiguous and enigmatic oral condition. Sleep disturbance is one of the most prevalent complaints of patients with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to estimate general sleep characteristics and propensity in patients with BMS. Methods: A total of thirty BMS patients and thirty healthy control subjects were investigated. Self-reported measures of sleep quality were conducted using two widely used methods; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Holm method with 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 significant level. Results: BMS patients showed more poor sleepers than those in control subjects in both ESS and PSQI test. BMS patients also showed statistically significant poorer sleep quality compared with control subjects in both test. When BMS group were divided into three groups on the basis of numeric rating scale, the higher score subjects had, the more mean rank they had in the PSQI. Conclusions: BMS patients showed up poor sleep characteristics and propensity than control group, and they also showed the more severe the pain was, the worse the sleep quality was.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.76-88
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of sleep quality and its associated factors in adults. Methods: The data was collected from 986 adults aged 19 to 64 by convenience sampling. Subjects completed a questionnaire composed of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory, and other questions that self-rated health and sociodemographic variables. Statistical methods used included descriptive statistics, simple logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The global PSQI score was 5.7. About 45% of the subjects were poor sleepers (global PSQI score >5). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that factors significantly associated with sleep quality were depression and poor self-rated health in young and middle-aged adults. Depression was the most significant associated factor. The presence of a spouse was also associated with sleep quality in young adults. Conclusion: These findings suggest that people with poor sleep quality should have their health carefully screened for depression. In addition, we recommend the development of a nursing program for improving sleep quality.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.494-501
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• 2020

Objectives: Insomnia is a common condition that causes deterioration of cognitive function and physical function and has a negative impact on quality of life. Insomnia is experienced by more than one-third of the population of the world. Although sleeping pills are currently used as therapeutic agents, they have side effects, so safer treatment methods are needed. Therefore, we report a case of an outpatient who sleeps only one hour a day due to insomnia. Methods: The patient visited Korean Medicine Hospital 10 times for four weeks and was treated with Korean medicine therapies, including electroacupuncture on the back-Shu points and herbal medicine (Yukmijihwang-tang and Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang). Treatment progress was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results: After 29 days of treatment, the PSQI score decreased from 20 points and 14 points. The ISI score also decreased to decreased to 22 points from 26 points. The average daily sleeping time increased from 60 minutes to 197.1 minutes after treatment. No significant side effects were observed. Conclusions: Yukmijihwang-tang and Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang with electroacupuncture might be a recommended therapeutic option for insomnia patients.