• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.465-471
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• 2012

To compare the accumulation of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) in different marine organisms, the occurrence and variation of PSP were surveyed in blue mussel Mytilus edulis, oyster Crassostrea gigas, short neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum, bay scallop Argopecten irradians, and warty sea squirt Styela clava collected from Jinhae Bay, Korea, in 2005 and 2006 year. We also investigated the ability of the blue mussel to detoxify PSP by relaying and depuration (via the water flow or water circulation system). In the marine organisms examined, PSP levels were the highest in blue mussel, followed in order by bay scallop, oyster, short neck clam, and warty sea squirt. Comparing the maximum PSP levels in the bivalve species examined in 2005 and 2006, PSP in blue mussel was 1.6-2.0, 4.0-5.9, and 5.1-6.0 times higher than in bay scallop, oyster, and short neck clam, respectively. Therefore, blue mussel could be useful as a bioindicator for PSP monitoring. With the increasing PSP levels in blue mussel in 2006, the proportion of PSP in its digestive gland increased to 95.1% when the maximum level was detected from the whole tissues of blue mussel on May 29. Subsequently, the PSP proportion in the digestive gland decreased as the PSP level in whole tissue decreased. The detoxification of PSP in blue mussel was greatest with relaying, followed by the water flow, and water circulation systems. Relaying decreased the PSP level below the regulatory limit of $80{\mu}g$/100 g after 2 days in low toxic sample with $124{\mu}g$/100 g, and after 7 days in high toxic sample with $401{\mu}g$/100 g. During depuration in the blue mussel with $401{\mu}g$/100 g via the water flow system, the PSP amounts in the digestive gland decreased by about 50% after 1 day, and about 77% after 7 days. In contrast, the PSP amounts in the soft body, gill, and mantle did not change significantly with depuration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.469-474
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• 2004

The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of arabinoxylane and polysaccharide peptide (PSP) on the immune cell functions. Both arabinoxylane and PSP increased plaque forming cell (10-15%) and rosette forming cell (10-30%) formation. Stimulation of macrophage with PSP (18%) and arabinoxylane (22%) resulted in increased phagocytic effects. Both arabinoxylane and PSP induced the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected sarcoma-180 cell intracutaneously. When the mice injected intraperitoneal cavity with sarcoma 180 cells, survival ratio was increased in the mice fed on arabinoxylane and PSP. The ratio of PCA was slightly decreased in the mice fed on PSP, especially fed on arabinoxylane than in the control mice. The concentrations of blood histamine were slightly decreased in the mice fed on arabinoxylane and PSP. These results suggest that the capacity of arabinoxylane and PSP seems to act as a potent immunomodulator causing augmentation of immune cell activity, and with the absence of notable side-effects, arabinoxylane and PSP could be used as a biological response modifier having possible therapeutic effects against immunological disorders.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1933-1942
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• 2016

A novel ${\alpha}-glucoside$ hydrolase (named PspAG97A) from glycoside hydrolase family 97 (GH97) was cloned from the deep-sea bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. K8, which was screened from the sediment of Kongsfjorden. Sequence analysis showed that PspAG97A belonged to GH97, and shared 41% sequence identity with the characterized ${\alpha}-glucoside$ BtGH97a. PspAG97A possessed three key catalytically related glutamate residues. Mutation of the glutamate residues indicated that PspAG97A belonged to the inverting subfamily of GH97. PspAG97A showed significant reversibility against changes in salt concentration. It exhibited halophilic ability and improved thermostability in NaCl solution, with maximal activity at 1.0 M NaCl/KCl, and retained more than 80% activity at NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 2.0 M for over 50 h. Furthermore, PspAG97A hydrolyzed not only ${\alpha}-1,4-glucosidic$ linkage, but also ${\alpha}-1,6-$ and ${\alpha}-1,2-glucosidic$ linkages. Interestingly, PspAG97A possessed high catalytic efficiency for long-chain substrates with ${\alpha}-1,6-linkage$. These characteristics are clearly different from other known ${\alpha}-glucoside$ hydrolases in GH97, implying that PspAG97A is a unique ${\alpha}-glucoside$ hydrolase of GH97.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of occlusal and proximal caries detection using CCD, CMOS, PSP and film system. Materials and Methods : 32 occlusal and 30 proximal tooth surfaces were radiographed under standardized conditions using 3 digital systems; CCD (CDX-2000HQ, Biomedysis Co., Seoul, Korea), CMOS (Schick, Schick Inc., Long Island, USA), PSP (Digora/sup (R)/FMX, Orion Co./Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) and I film system (Kodak Insight, Eastman Kodak, Rochester, USA). 5 observers examined the radiographs for occlusal and proximal caries using a 5-point confidence scale. The presence of caries was validated histologically and radiographically. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using ROC curve areas (Az). Results: Analysis using ROC curves revealed the area under each curve which indicated a diagnostic accuracy. For occlusal caries, Kodak Insight film had an Az of 0.765, CCD one of 0.730, CMOS one of 0.742 and PSP one of 0.735. For proximal caries, Kodak Insight film had an Az of 0.833, CCD one of 0.832, CMOS one of 0.828 and PSP one of 0.868. No statistically significant difference was noted between any of the imaging modalities. Conclusion: CCD, CMOS, PSP and film performed equally well in the detection of occlusal and proximal dental caries. CCD, CMOS and PSP-based digital images provided a level of diagnostic performance comparable to Kodak Insight film.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1271-1276
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• 2004

For Exp. 1, one hundred twenty Duroc${\times}$ Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace pigs (6.34${\pm}$ 0.70 kg average initial BW) were used in a 35 d growth assay. There were six pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 1) NC (negative control; basal diet), 2) PC (positive control; added 5% HP $300^{(R)}$, HAMLET PROTEIN A/S, as protein source), 3) PSP 2.5 (added 2.5% $Pepsoygen^{(R)}$, Genebiotech Co. Ltd., as protein source), 4) PSP 5.0 (added 5% $Pepsoygen^{(R)}$ as protein source), and 5) PSP 7.5 (added 7.5% $Pepsoygen^{(R)}$ as protein source). For d 21, ADFI was increased in pigs fed PSP diets compared with PC diet (p<0.05). ADG was tended to improve as concentration of PSP in the diets was increased. For d 21-35 and entire experimental period, pigs fed PSP diets had more feed intake than pigs fed NC or PC diets (p<0.05). For the whole period, ADG was improved in PSP treatments compared with NC treatment (Linear effect, p=0.05). On d 21 and d 35, digestibilities of DM and N were higher (p<0.05) for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed NC diet and PSP 2.5 treatment was the highest among the treatments. On d 21, digestibility of N was significantly improved in PSP treatments compared with PC treatment (p<0.05). For Exp. 2, five Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace barrows (8.74${\pm}$0.22 kg average initial BW) were surgically fitted with a simple T-cannulas approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo-cecal junction. The experimental designs were 5${\times}$5 latin squares with pigs and periods as blocking criteria. Dietary treatments were same as Exp.1. Generally, apparent ileal digestibilities of DM and N were higher for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed NC or PC diets (p<0.05) and PSP 5.0 and 2.5 treatments were the highest among the treatments, respectively. Apparent ileal digestibilities of the whole amino acids were increased in PSP treatments compared with NC treatment (Quadratic effect, p${\leq}$0.05). Also, histidine, lysine and threonine digestibilities in essential amino acids and alanine, asparatic acid and glycine digestibilities in non essential amino acids were significantly higher for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed PC diets (p${\leq}$0.05). In conclusion, feeding processed soy protein to weanling pigs increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility and apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, N and most amino acids.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.10-13
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• 2004

The PSP(pressure sensitive paint) technique has recently received a large attention as a new revolutionary optical method to measure absolute pressure distribution on a model surface. The PSP technique can be applied to quantitatively investigate flow structure using a CCD camera and image processing technique. In the static calibration, the luminescent intensity of PSP coatings was measured from 0kPa to 11kPa with 0.5, 1, 2kPa increments. In this study, the low-pressure PSP technique was applied to an oblique impinging jet to measure pressure field variations on the impingement plate with varying angle of an oblique jet. The flow structure over the impingement plate was visualized using a surface tracing method. As a result, the detail pressure field distributions of the oblique low-speed impinging jet were visualized effectively using the PSP technique.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.688-693
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• 2003

The PSP technique has been used to measure pressure distribution on a model surface quantitatively. The objective of this study is to develop PSP technique which can be applied to low-speed flows. Four different PSP formulations including two porphyrins (PtOEP and PtTFPP) and two polymers (Poly(TMSP) and RTV-118) were tested and the performance of each combination was checked. In the static calibration, the luminescent intensity of the PSP coatings was measured from 0kPa to 11kPa with 0.5, 1, 2kPa increments. Among 4 PSP formulations tested, the combination of PtOEP and RTV-118 shows the best performance. The PSP technique was applied to an oblique impinging jet to measure the pressure field distribution on the impinging plate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.317-321
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• 2007

PSP (Pressure Sensitive Paint) technique can measure continuous pressure field by analyzing the oxygen quantity using optical method. The surface pressure of down stream after the sonic jet that injected transversely into the supersonic freestream was measured by PSP technique. Moreover the effect of various rectangular shaped cavities in front of the jet was measured by PSP technique. A comparison of the PSP results with conventional pressure tap and CFD indicates good agreement. The result shows that the cavity affects the pressure distribution in the rear of the jet injection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.50-57
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• 2007

Pressure Sensitive Paint(PSP) means a reacting paint in pressure. PSP can measure continuous pressure field by analyzing the oxygen quantity using optical method. The surface pressure of down stream after the sonic jet that injected transversely into the supersonic freestream was measured by PSP technique. Moreover the effect of various rectangular shaped cavities in front of the jet was measured by PSP technique. A comparison of the PSP results with conventional pressure tap and CFD indicates good agreement. Until now, the results of numerical analysis were compared with the discrete points such as the results of pressure tap. In this study, the whole region pressure was measured using PSP technique and its results were similar to CFD. Therefore, the flow phenonenon of cavity downstream was clearly grasped.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.558-570
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• 2015

To develop and industrialize functional foods containing peanut sprout extract (PSE) and powder (PSP), the present study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant effects of breads prepared with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% PSE and PSP. The expansion ratio of the dough, the quality characteristics such as volume, weight, specific volume, baking loss, color, texture, and sensory preference were evaluated. There were significant differences in the bread volume and specific volume among the control, PSE and PSP groups (p<0.001). Additionally, the weight and baking loss were decreased with an increasing amount of PSP (p<0.001). As the amount of PSE and PSP were increased, the L value of the crumb decreased, whereas the a and b values of the crumb significantly increased (p<0.001), suggesting that the crumb color of the bread may be significancy (p<0.001). As the amount of PSE and PSP increased, the hardness of bread significantly and rapidly increased from 5%. Meanwhile, there was no significance in springiness among the control, PSE and PSP groups. The total resveratrol content and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of the bread significantly increased depending on the amounts of PSE and PSP (p<0.001). In the overall acceptance test, no significant differences were observed in the color, flavour, or texture, however, the taste and overall acceptance were significantly decreased between the control and the PSE group. All the sensory characteristics in the PSP group were significantly reduced compared with the control. Considering the above results, it can be expected that the suitable amount of PSE and PSP substituted for wheat flour will be from 1.0 to 2.5%. Furthermore, follow-up studies are being carried out continuously.