• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.557-569
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• 2011

Objectives : Based on the system and control activity for the monitoring system made of components for infection control at dental hospitals and infection rate reporting, and the role of trained infection control staff, this study tried to understand approaches to the effective infection control program by surveying infection control at dental hospitals in Korea. Methods : The survey was conducted from December 14,2010 to January 31,2011 for 121 dental hospitals in Korea. For statistical analysis, PASW Statistic 18 was used. Results : And following conclusions were reached. 1. As for the infection control system at dental hospitals, 54.7% has an infection control committee, 58.7% infection control staff, 78.5% infection control rules, and 39.7% annual infection control plan and record. 2. As for surveillance indexes to report infection rates, 50.4% has the reporting system for staff's exposure to infectious disease and needle pricking. The average number of exposures to infectious disease was $0.28{\pm}2.23$ and that of needle pricking was $1.83{\pm}5.39$. 3. As for infection control indexes, it was reviewed whether infection control rules were implemented according to operation agents, general hospitals were more active in staff infection control, and hospitals annexed to a dental university or special legal entity were more active in microorganism control. As for use of personal protection gear, there was no significant difference among operation agents. More than 71% of operators and their assistants said they did not replace their masks between patients. 4. As for personnel indexes for effective infection control staff, most hospitals designated dental hygienists, which was followed by dental doctors (or doctors). Where their workload was reviewed, the ratio of other work such as treatment was relatively higher than that of infection control (n=71). Conclusions : These results show dental hospitals in Korea have a certain level of infection control system. As infection indexes are managed mainly for staff members, patient monitoring is needed, and trained and effective infection control staff should be designated. This study reviewed surveillance, infection control and personnel indexes. And further studies are needed in the future.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.410-426
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• 2003

MPEG-21 defines a digital item as an atomic unit lot creation, delivery and consumption in order to provide an integrated multimedia framework in networked environments. It is expected that MPEG-21 standardization makes it Possible for users to universally access user's preferred contents in their own way they want. In order to achieve this goal, MPEG-21 has standardized the specifications for the Digital Item Declaration (DID). Digital Identification (DII), Rights Expression Language (REL), Right Data Dictionary (RDD) and Digital Item Adaptation (DIA), and is standardizing the specifications for the Digital Item Processing (DIP), Persistent Association Technology (PAT) and Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) tot transparent and secured usage of multimedia. In this paper, we design an MPEG-21 terminal architecture based one the MPEG-21 standard with DID, DIA and DIP, and implement with the MPEG-21 terminal. We make a video summarization service scenario in order to validate ow proposed MPEG-21 terminal for the feasibility to of DID, DIA and DIP. Then we present a series of experimental results that digital items are processed as a specific form after adaptation fit for the characteristics of MPEG-21 terminal and are consumed with interoperability based on a PC and a PDA platform. It is believed that this paper has n important significance in the sense that we, for the first time, implement an MPEG-21 terminal which allows for a video summarization service application in an interoperable way for digital item adaptation and processing nth experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.75-78
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• 2003

MPEG-4 표준은 저작자가 정지영상, 텍스트, 2D/3D 그래픽스, 오디오, 심지어 임의형의 비디오 등과 같이 다양한 형태의 객체들을 개별적으로 구성하고 이들을 시/공간자적으로 다루기 용이하게 해 준다. 이와 같은 객체 기반 코딩 특성에 의해서 대화형 방송 콘텐츠를 제작하는데 가장 유용한 방식으로 고려할 수 있다. 피러나, 콘텐츠의 제작, 전송, 소비 관전에서 고려해 달 때, 콘텐츠 제작자 또는 저작권자의 보호 및 관리가 필요하게 되었다. 이에 따라 최근에는 OPIMA (Open Platform Initiative for Multimedia Access), SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) and MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group) OPIMATfMr(Intellectual Property Management & Protection)와 같은 국제 표준 단체들이 콘텐츠 보호 및 관리에 대한 관심을 가지게 되었다. 특히, MPEG의 경우에 MPEG-4 IPMP를 표준화하여 디지털 콘텐츠와 저작권에 대한 보호를 체계적이고 효과적으로 다루는 연구를 가장 활발히 해오고 있다. 이 논문에서 우리는 MPEG-4 콘텐츠 저작자가 MPEG-4 규격에 맞게 보호화 된 객체 기반 방송용 콘텐츠를 쉽고 편리하게 제작학 수 있도록 하기 위한 MPEG씨 콘텐츠 및 저자권 보호를 위한 MPEG-4 IPMP 저작 도구를 제안하고자 한다. 제안한 MPEG-4 콘텐츠 및 저작권 보호 저작 도구는 저작자에게 친근한 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하여 편집 및 수정이 용이한 텍스트 포맷인 IPMP회된 XMT(extensible Mpeg-4 Textual format) 파일을 생성한다. 또한, 콘텐츠 전송 및 저장의 효율성을 위해 이진 포멧인 IPMP화된 MP4 파일을 생성할 수 있다.으로써, 에러 이미지가 가지고 있는 엔트로피에 좀 근접하게 코딩을 할 수 있게 되었다. 이 방법은 실제로 Arithmetic Coder를 이용하는 다른 압축 방법에 그리고 적용할 수 있다. 실험 결과 압축효율은 JPEG-LS보다 약 $5\%$의 압축 성능 개선이 있었으며, CALIC과는 대등한 압축률을 보이며, 부호화/복호화 속도는 CALIC보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.우 $23.87\%$($18.00\~30.91\%$), 갑폭 $23.99\%$($17.82\~30.48\%$), 체중 $91.51\%$($58.86\~129.14\%$)이였으며 성장율은 사육 온도구간별 차는 없었다.20 km 까지의 지점들(지점 2에서 지점 6)에서 매우 높은 값을 보이며 이는 조석작용으로 해수와 담수가 강제혼합되면서 표층퇴적물이 재부유하기 때문이라고 판단된다. 영양염류는 월별로 다소의 차이는 있으나, 대체적으로 지점 1과 2에서 가장 낮고, 상류로 갈수록 점차 증가하며 지점 7 상류역이 하류역에 비해 높은 농도이다. 월별로는 7월에 규산염, 용존무기태질소 및 암모니아의 농도가 가장 높은 반면에 용존산소포화도는 가장 낮다. 그러나 지점 14 상류역에서는 5월에 측정한 용존무기태질소, 암모니아, 인산염 및 COD 값이 7월보다 다소 높거나 비슷하다. 한편 영양염류와 COD값은 대체적으로 8월에 가장 낮으나 용존산소포화도는 가장 높다.출조건은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1분간의 고온단시간 추출이 적합하였다. 증가를 나타내었는데, 저장기간에 따른 물성의 변화는 숭어에 비하여 붕장어가 적었다.양식산은 aspartic acid 및 proline이 많았다. 또한 잉어는 천연산이

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2014

Recently, the management system of wastewater treatment facility has magnified due to the stringent regulations for the protection of the environment, and a sewage treatment plant efficiency and research of the car development are activated in large facilities or industrial park. however, the existing sewerage disposal system and specific water quality monitoring network reliability for real-time transmission of this building is insufficient. In this paper, we proposed a local wireless network design for sludge multi meter data collection and control for measuring the concentration of the sludge efficiently. Also, the collected data over the local wireless network to transmitted to the central monitoring system and accumulate the data in real time to calculate statistics is possible to monitor the status of the sewage treatment facilities. The proposed system uses a short-range wireless networks of IEEE 802.15.4 and configures an IEEE 802.11 network which can monitor real-time status in central system. Also, we install a sludge multimeter and communication network in sewage treatment facilities and confirm the usefulness of the proposed technique by demonstrating its effectiveness.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.223-249
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• 2011

In modern society, citizens' quality of life aspects of safety and crime prevention activities are actively considering the incidence of crime prevention in advance. It also can be quite important elicit the interest of who community members through effective crime prevention strategies. For crime prevention policies and techniques over time as more scientific and advanced methods are made. Today, A typical crime prevention strategies is private security zones and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a corresponding to the new strategy. CPTED is a diversification can be called a crime prevention approach that emphasizes the principle of natural surveillance, access control, territoriality, activity support, maintenance and management. The defensible space of the space area related to crime prevention setting the activities of private security and CPTED determine. Also, the reality of crime prevention and protection should be considered space. The emphasis on proactive prevention of crime in modern society for the prevention of crime how to approach differing perspectives and disparate aspects of private security and CPTED. Technical and professional areas that overlap to some extent in a homogeneous aspect. Ultimately, CPTED is a crime prevention through space and environmental approach for crime. In addition, Ultimate goal of convergence, crime prevention, with the same or higher is required to study for the area after looking for the characteristics and limitations of private security and CPTED.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.265-282
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• 2008

This research aims to provide a solution for the improvement of private security according to the change in criminal environment. The main cause of crime can be found in the anti-functional dimensions including value set disorder, social phenomenon variation, information-based, globalization and urbanization. In this environment, the private security sector has dramatically increased in a quantitative viewpoint, but it is insufficient in a qualitative viewpoint. This paper recognized this problem and demonstrates a solution for improvement through classifying elements of private security into relevant legislation, education institutions, security companies and security associations. The analysis result is a follows: First, motivation and satisfaction rate of escort and security related major has shown to be high. However, respondents evaluated the guard educational institution negatively. Second, the motivation of entering into the private security sector for internal staffs has shown to be positive and sound. However, the job satisfaction rate has shown to be low due to excessive competition, negative perception of occupation and low earning. Third, respondents gave an average mark to the Security Association's management and operation. In addition, the mutual-aid project received the same mark. Negative feedbacks were given to the protection of member's interest and to association operation and policy, while positive feedbacks were given to the degree of member's cooperation towards association policies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.357-371
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• 2008

Currently, the security operations in nation's key foundations in Korea are performed by private police and special security guard in accordance with the Private Police Act and Security Business Act, respectively. In 1960s, The Korean Government introduced the private police system in terms of the national security issues, but it was just a hurriedly-set plan on the basis of Japanese Sunsa system as by that time there was no such system revitalized. However, the special security guards could offer wider range of security services including those of the private police with the enactment and revision of the Security Business Act 1976 and April 2001, respectively. Moreover, the expectations and interests rose over the special security guards in nation's key foundations after 9.11Terror Event in the U. S. 2001. However, as we investigated the current education/training system for the special security guard, we found that such education/training which is not activating the specialty of special security guard will not respond to the social demands. Special security guard owns its own characteristics other than those of general security guard as they are in service in nation's key foundations. Thus, the effcient management and training for the special security guard is the most important matter for the safety and security of nation's key foundations. Therefore, the well-educated special security guard through the reorganized and specialized education/training for the protection of nation's key foundations is expected to offer qualitatively improved security services.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.469-472
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• 2010

Purpose: Aplasia Cutis Congenita (ACC) is a rare disease characterized by the focal defect of the skin at birth, frequently involving scalp, but it may affect any region of the body. There are no etiology known but some conditions such as intrauterine vascular ischemia, amniotic adherences and viral infections are associated. The ideal treatment for the ACC is not known. Superficial and relatively small sized defects (< $3{\times}5\;cm$) may heal spontaneously and large defects related with risks of infection and bleeding may require aggressive surgical treatment. Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ is a bilayer of an esterified hyaluronan scaffold beneath a silicone membrane. It has been used as a temporary dermal substitute to cover deep thickness skin defect and has physiological functions derive from the structural role in extracellular matrix and interaction with cell surface receptor. This material has been used for the wound bed pre-treatment for skin graft to follow and especially in uncooperative patient, like a newborn, this could be a efficient and aseptic way of promoting granulation without daily irritative wound care. For this reason, using Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ for the treatment of ACC was preferred in this paper. Methods: We report a case of a newborn with ACC of the vertex scalp and non-ossified partial skull defect. The large sized skin and skull defect ($6{\times}6\;cm$) was found with intact dura mater. No other complications such as bleeding or abnormal neurologic sign were accompanied. Escharectomy was performed and Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ was applied for the protection and the induction of acute wound healing for 3 months before the split-thickness skin graft. During the 3 months period, the dressing was renewed in aseptic technique for every 3 weeks. The skin graft was achieved on the healthy granulation bed. Results: The operative procedure was uneventful without necessity of blood transfusion. Postoperative physical examination revealed no additional abnormalities. Regular wound management was performed in out-patient clinic and the grafted skin was taken completely. No other problems developed during follow-up. Conclusion: Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ provides protective and favorable environment for wound healing. The combination of the use of Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ and the skin graft will be a good alternative for the ACC patients with relatively large defect on vertex.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2006

Biological control by chitinolytic microorganisms is being evaluated as management options for soilborne diseases. Forty kilograms of chitin compost (CTC) and control compost (CC) were amended on tomato plots ($15m{\times}0.5m$) 7 d before transplanting to evaluate enzymatic activities and the control of Fusarium wilt. Samples were taken on day 1, 3, 5, and 7, the day 1 corresponded to the 66 d after transplanting, the day on which the initial wilting symptoms occurred in plants of CC treated plots. The chitinase activity in soil of CTC was always higher compared to the control. Pathogenesis related (PR) protein (chitinase, ${\beta}$-1, 3-glucanase and peroxidase) activities in tomato roots in CC increased every day and showed marked differences compared to CTC. Wilting symptoms (96 d after transplanting) were reduced by 25% in CTC compared to the control. Protection of tomato plant may be correlated with the high levels of soil enzyme activities resulting from the chitin compost.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2007

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (SBGE) is known to be antioxidant effect. In addition of the effects, we further investigated the SBGE on the antioxidant effect on a renal cortical slices cell and kidney protecting effects. The results were as follows. 1 When renal cortical slices separated from a rabbit's kidney were treated with 1mM tert-Butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) in the presence of SBGE. SBGE significant prevented t-BHP induced increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and lipid peroxidation. 2. When renal cortical slices separated from a rabbit's kidney were treated with oxidant $300{\mu}M$ cisplatin in the presence of SBGE. SBGE significant prevented cisplatin-induced increase in LDH release and lipid peroxidation. 3. Pretreatment with 0.1g/kg SBGE for seven day and treatment with 5 mg/kg cisplatin by the intraperitoneal injection The results were that the pretreatment group with SBGE showed a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, increase in clearance rate of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the kidney than the administering single agent group of cisplatin. and pretreatment group with SBGE showed intact microvillus of proximal tubule and no contraction of rumen, it was a similar result with normal group. With the results SBGE showed to be highly effective on antioxidant effect and cellular protection activity against cisplatin that was a toxic agent on a kidney. Therefore, SBGE is considered to have protective effective on a disordered kidney or kidney diseases such as nephritis or renal failure that cause tissue damages in a kidney.