• 복식
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2015

This research aims to analyze the prep-hop fashion, which is an original look created through the convergence of the hip-hop and preppy look, and identify the design characteristics of the prep-hop fashion. The style mixes the fashion of what was traditionally a lower-class look with the upper class. The design characteristics are as follows: First, the prep-hop fashion expresses slim, casual and sophisticated look with items and silhouettes. The items are categorized into jackets, shirts and pants. The prep-hop jackets provides a casual look to its wearer unlike the jackets of preppy or conservative looks. Slim suits show different meanings and features depending on the changes in the time and culture despite the continued use of the items. Second, the colors of the prep-hop fashion include overall basic colors used in the preppy look and hip-hop fashion. The aesthetic values of the colors express pleasant color images different from the conservative and resistant images expressed in the preppy and hip-hop style before the convergence, respectively. Third, the materials and patterns are expressed in a unique way to fulfill the emotional needs that are considered vital to contemporary fashion. The materials in the prep-hop fashion extend the ranges of usage by using the materials with unexpectedness broken out of general range of usage. While the use of the patterns is one of the methods to demonstrate that the prep-hop fashion is created by the convergence between hip-hop fashion and preppy look, the meaning concludes pleasantness and casualness different from the past. Fourth, the prep-hop fashion is mainly composed of hip-hop fashion accessories, which express the authenticity of the hip-hop fashion to protect the non-mainstream characteristics. The design characteristics of the prep-hop fashion pursue the individuality of the contemporary fashion, which lacks originality due to commercialization. The development of the prep-hop fashion, as a new form that combined contrasting genres and trends, is expected to develop more publicly.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1556-1568
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to inquiry of application types and use methodology of EBS-CSAT prep books of vocation education division in specialized vocational high schools. Research participants are 8 specialized vocational high school teachers in Seoul and Gyeonggi, and subjects are basic industry and basic drawing. The teachers had using EBS-CSAT prep books in class or after-school. The results are as follows: The teachers used items explanation of after-school rather than regular classes using EBS-CSAT prep books of vocation education division in specialized vocational high schools. Online lectures were used for self-directed learning of specialized vocational high school students rather than regular classes. Students and teachers of specialized vocational high school needed EBS-CSAT prep books of vocation education division by free gift instead of EBS-CSAT prep books of Korea language, english, math.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2002

This study was designed to compare the performance of liquid-based preparation from the AutoCyte PREP with the conventional cervicovaginal smear in masked split-samples. In randomly selected 840 cases, the conventional smear was always prepared first, and the AutoCyte PREP used the resldual cells on the collecting device. Parallel AutoCyte PREP slides and matched conventional smears were screened in a blind fashion. All abnormals and 10% random normal cases were reviewed by two pathologists in a blind fashion. The Bethesda System was used for reporting the diagnosis and specimen adequacy. The diagnoses from the two methods were agreed exactly in 767(91.3%) of 840 cases. The AutoCyte PREP demonstrated a 25% overall improvement in the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL). The ratio of ASCUS to SIL was decreased as 0.45 compared with 1.00 of conventional smear. The AutoCyte PREP produced excellent cellular preservation and superior sensitivity for detection of atypical cells as compared to the conventional smear. It makes us to be able to subclassify ASCUS into from WNL to HSIL. We thought that the AutoCyte PREP method might contribute to increase the detection rate of abnormal cells than conventional methods.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2007

연구배경: ThinPrep$^{(R)}$검사는 원심분리를 통해 불필요한 혈액이나 점액들을 제거, 선택적으로 진단에 필요한 다량의 세포들만 모아 기존의 세포검사의 한계를 극복하여 진단율을 높일 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 현재 여러 분야에서 암의 조기 진단 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 기관지 세척액의 Thin-Prep$^{(R)}$검사와 기존의 세포검사의 진단율을 비교하여 ThinPrep$^{(R)}$검사의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 시행하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 기관지 내시경 검사를 시행한 1,116명의 환자 중 암세포에 대한 검사가 필요하다고 판단되었던 790명의 기관지 세척액 검체를 대상으로 세척액을 양분하여 기존의 세포 검사와 ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과: 대상환자는 남자 446명, 여자 344명이었고 평균나이는 58.3(${\pm}16.7$)세였으며, 이 중 197명이 기관지 내시경이나 경피적 폐생검 등의 표준진단방법을 통해 암을 진단 받았다. 암의 진단에 있어 ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ 검사는 민감도 71.1%, 특이도 98.0%, 양성 예측도 92.1%, 음성 예측도 91.1%, 위음성률 8.9%였다. 기존의 세포검사의 경우에는 민감도 57.9%, 특이도 98.0%, 양성 예측도 90.5%, 음성 예측도 87.5%, 위음성률 12.5%였다. 중심형 병변인 경우 ThinPrep$^{(R)}$의 민감도는 82.8%였고 세포검사의 민감도는 70.1%였다. 결 론: 기관지 세척액 검체를 대상으로 한 폐암의 진단에 있어서 ThinPrep$^{(R)}$검사는 기존 세포검사에 비해 민감도가 높았으며 낮은 위음성률을 보였다. 이와같은 결과는 폐암의 조직학적 분류와 상관 없이 나타났고, 특히 중심형 병변일 경우의 민감도는 ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ 검사법에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 따라서 기관지 세척액 검사에서 ThinPrep$^{(R)}$을 활용할 경우 폐암의 진단율을 높이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2004

We compared the diagnostic accuracy of liquid-based cervicovaginal cytology using $MonoPrep2^{TM}$ system (Monogen, Herndon, Virginia, USA), a manual system based on membrane filtration method, with conventional Pap smear. Study population included 92 patients visiting the gynecologic department under the suspicion of uterine cervical disease. In thirty of them, surgical biopsy was performed. $MonoPrep2^{TM}$ system provided well-preserved monolayer specimen with good nuclear morphology. However, about 19% of specimens were inadequate to interpret due to low cellularity. The detection rate of abnormal cells more than ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of unknown significance) was 23.9% and higher than 19.4 % of conventional Pap smear. Diagnostic concordance rate with conventional Pap smear was 81%, and severe discordance rate influencing on the management of patient was 7.6 %. Among these seven cases, $MonoPrep2^{TM}$ system was more diagnostic only in four. In comparison with histology, the sensitivity of diagnosis of $MonoPrep2^{TM}$ system was 78.9% and slightly higher than 73.5% of conventional Pap smear. However, the specificity was 81.1% and lower than 90.9% of Pap smear. In conclusion, $MonoPrep2^{TM}$ system provided diagnostic accuracies similar to the conventional Pap smear. The inexpertness of slide preparation and the low cellularity were considered to endow a limitation in more accurate evaluation.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 2011

학습장애아의 읽기 능력을 위한 PREP(PASS Reading Enhancement Program)는 학습장애아를 대상으로 한 관찰을 바탕으로 이론이 정립되었고, 인지기능에 비인지적 요소인 주의집중을 포함시키고 있어 여러 연구를 통해서 그 효과가 입증되었다. 그러나 PREP를 활용한 모바일 시스템의 연구는 초기 단계에 있어 본 연구는 인지 이론을 바탕으로 한 프로그램인 PREP를 활용하여 모바일 학습 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 본 시스템의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연속적 과제와 동시적 과제를 학습 내용으로 하여 학습 전략을 발전시키며 읽기 기능을 향상시키는데 중점을 두었다. 둘째, 학습자의 특성을 반영하여 흥미를 유지할 수 있도록 퀴즈의 형식을 도입하고 학습자의 접근성과 이동성, 개별성을 강화한 시스템을 고려하여 설계하고 구현하였다. 셋째, 시스템을 사용 시 학습자의 수준에 따라 다른 단계로 접근이 가능하며 완전학습을 지원할 수 있는 인터페이스를 구현하여 학습자의 유의미한 읽기 능력이 가능하도록 설계하고 구현하였다. 본 시스템을 학습장애의 초등학생에게 적용한 결과, 읽기활동에 대한 태도와 읽기 능력이 모바일 학습 시스템을 적용하기 전보다 향상되어 PREP 프로그램의 효과성이 입증되었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1981

This study was conducted to evaluate the cleansing effect of RC-Prep (10% Urea-peroxide, 15% EDTA) on apical third of root canal. Thirty single rooted human teeth were divided into three groups, and ten canals in each group were all enlarged three sizes greater than their original diameter with K-type files and irrigated with each of three irrigants. The three used irrigants were RC-prep (Premier Co.) in combination with 3.5% Sodium hypochlorite, Normal saline, 3.5% Na OCL. In each group, one of three irrigants were used in conjunction with instrumentation as they would be during clinical condition. After final irrigation, the canals were dried with paper points and the teeth were split longitudinally. The cleanness of canal walls iii the apical region were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope. The following results were drawn. 1. The use of Rc-Prep in combination with 3.5% NaOCl showed more clean canal surface than the use of other two irrigants. 2. The canals used RC-Prep in combination with 3.5% NaOCl revealed remnants of pulp tissue and smeared layer, but the openings of dentinal tubules were relatively clean and wide. 3. There was no significant difference in the debridement effect of 3.5% NaOCl and Saline solution. 4. The use of Saline solution showed great amount of remnants of pulp tissue which couldn't find in the use of 3.5% NaOCl.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

무삭제 라미네이트에서 사용하는 여러가지 방법 중에 press ingot을 이용한 제작 방법에 대해 기술했다. 무삭제 라미네이트는 제작 방법 및 보철물의 피개 범위를 선택하는 것이 매우 중요하며 결과에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 피개 범위와 제작 방법에 따른 장단점을 미리 숙지하고 선택함으로써 효과적이고 보다 나은 결과물을 만들 수 있다. 구강내 상황에 따라 선별적으로 잘 적용했을 때 치아를 삭제하지 않고 매우 만족스러운 결과를 낼 수 있는 선택지 중 하나라 생각한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.118-133
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• 2018

Purpose: Exercise intervention after surgery has been found to improve physical fitness and quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effects of a postoperative recovery exercise program developed specifically for gastric cancer patients (PREP-GC) undergoing minimally invasive gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients treated surgically for early gastric cancer were enrolled in the PREP-GC. The exercise program comprised sessions of In-hospital Exercise (1 week), Home Exercise (1 week), and Fitness Improvement Exercise (8 weeks). Adherence and compliance to PREP-GC were evaluated. In addition, body composition, physical fitness, and QOL were assessed during the preoperative period, after the postoperative recovery (2 weeks after surgery), and upon completing the PREP-GC (10 weeks after surgery). Results: Of the 24 enrolled patients, 20 completed the study without any adverse events related to the PREP-GC. Adherence and compliance rates to the Fitness Improvement Exercise were 79.4% and 99.4%, respectively. Upon completing the PREP-GC, patients also exhibited restored cardiopulmonary function and muscular strength, with improved muscular endurance and flexibility (P<0.05). Compared to those in the preoperative period, no differences were found in symptom scale scores measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach Cancer-Specific Module (QLQ-STO22); however, higher scores for global health status and emotional functioning were observed after completing the PREP-GC (P<0.05). Conclusions: In gastric cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive gastrectomy, PREP-GC was found to be feasible and safe, with high adherence and compliance. Although randomized studies evaluating the benefits of exercise intervention during postoperative recovery are needed, surgeons should encourage patients to participate in systematic exercise intervention programs in the early postoperative period (Registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01751880).

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2008

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of the breast is a useful method for diagnosing breast lesions. Yet making the definite diagnosis with performing FNA is limited by some problems, such as the low cellularity, the poor preservation and the obscuring background. Recent studies have found that liquid-based cytology solves such problems, but it is an expensive method and it is limited by the loss of the background information. The purpose of this study is to compare the Liqui-$PREP^{TM}$, a new manual liquid-based method of cytology, and the conventional smears for analyzing breast FNA cytology materials. A total of 31 randomized FNA specimens of breast were studied. In each case, both the conventional smears and the Liqui-$PREP^{TM}$ method were performed, and the smears were evaluated for cellularity, cellular preservation, the background, the cytologic features and the architectural arrangement. The cellularity and architectural arrangement were equal for both preparations. The Liqui-$PREP^{TM}$ specimens showed better cellular preservation, loss of the obscuring background, no overlapping of cells and a smaller area to screen compared with the conventional smears. Moreover, it has the potential advantages of being able to use the remaining specimens for immunohistochemical study and ploidy analysis, and it can reduce the costs for preparation compared with the other liquid-based methods of cytology. But some background information is lost in the Liqui-$PREP^{TM}$ specimens, the same as the other liquid-based methods of cytology. In conclusion, the Liqui-$PREP^{TM}$ and conventional smears showed good correlation, but they have their respective advantages and disadvantages. These results suggest that Liqui-$PREP^{TM}$ can contribute to making the accurate diagnosis with performing breast FNA cytology when it is used along with other methods.