• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 사전 평가 수행 여부가 심폐소생술 수행 능력 결과에 미치는 영향을 확인하 는 것이다. 사전 평가그룹(PTG)의 경우 교육 전 1분 동안 사전 평가를 수행하였으며 사전 평가를 수행하지 않은 그룹(NPTG)은 정규교육만을 진행하였다. 두 그룹 모두 교육 후 1분 동안 술기 평가를 수행하였다. PTG의 사전 및 사후 평가를 비교한 결과, 가슴 압박의 깊이, 속도, 압박 후 이완에서 통계적으로 유의하게 변화하였다. 두 그룹의 교육 후 가슴 압박 수행 결과에서는 가슴압박 속도에서만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 교육 후 자심감 결과에서는 두 그룹 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 훈련 전에 실시한 사전 평가는 가슴 압박의 결과뿐만 아니라 자신감 향상에도 좋은 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 일반인을 대상으로 하는 심폐소생술 교육의 집중도를 높이기 위해서는 교육 전 평가 등의 추가적인 프로그램 개발이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.452-462
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• 2021

Pretilachlor (PRE)는 전 세계적으로 사용되는 아세트아닐리드계 제초제이며 수생 광영양생물에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구에서 해양 와편모조류 P. minimum를 대상으로 PRE의 생리적, 분자적 독성 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과, PRE는 P. minimum의 성장률, 색소, 광합성 지표를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한, 광합성 관련 유전자 PmpsbA, PmpsaA 및 항산화 단백질 PmGST의 상대적 유전자 발현율과 세포 내 ROS 증가가 유의하였다. 이는 PRE가 P. minimum의 광합성 효율 저하 및 광계 손상을 야기하며, GST가 세포 내 산화 스트레스 및 PRE의 무독화에 관여함을 보여준다. 본 연구 결과는 PRE를 비롯한 아세트아닐라이드계 제초제가 해양 와편모조류의 세포 독성을 야기하며, 광합성 저해가 스트레스의 주요 원인임을 제시한다. 다른 아세트아닐라이드계 제초제가 비표적 광영양 생물에게 미치는 독성 영향은 아직 연구가 부족하므로, 향후 연구에서 다양한 생물종을 대상으로 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2017

Struvite precipitation has been proven to be an effective method in removing and recovering ammonia nitrogen (N) and phosphate phosphorus (P) from wastewater. In this study, effects of pH, molar ratios and pre-treatment of effluent of anaerobically digested swine wastewater were investigated to improve struvite crystallization. The magnesium : ammonium : phosphate ratio of 1.2 : 1.0 : 1.0 was found to be optimal, yet the molar ratio in the wastewater was 1 : 74.9 : 1.8. From the analysis, the optimum pH was between 8.0 and 9.0 for maximal phosphate P release and from 8.0 to 10.0 for maximal ammonia N and phosphate P removal from real wastewater. Analysis from Visual MINTEQ predicted the pH range of 7-11 for ammonia N and phosphate P removal and recovery as struvite. For pre-treatment, microwave pre-treatment was ineffective for phosphate P release but ultrasound pre-treatment showed up to 77.4% phosphate P release at 1,000 kJ/L of energy dose. Precipitates analysis showed that phosphorus and magnesium in the collected precipitate had almost same values as theoretical values, but the ammonia content was less than the theoretical value.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.522-527
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• 2017

A large number of transcriptional activation domains (TADs) are intrinsically unstructured, meaning they are devoid of a three-dimensional structure. The fact that these TADs are transcriptionally active without forming a 3-D structure raises the question of what features in these domains enable them to function. One of two TADs in human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) is located at its N-terminus and is responsible for ~70% of the transcriptional activity of hGR. This 58-residue intrinsically-disordered TAD, named tau1c in an earlier study, was shown to form three helices under trifluoroethanol, which might be important for its activity. We carried out heteronuclear multi-dimensional NMR experiments on hGR tau1c in a more physiological aqueous buffer solution and found that it forms three helices that are ~30% pre-populated. Since pre-populated helices in several TADs were shown to be key elements for transcriptional activity, the three pre-formed helices in hGR tau1c delineated in this study should be critical determinants of the transcriptional activity of hGR. The presence of pre-structured helices in hGR tau1c strongly suggests that the existence of pre-structured motifs in target-unbound TADs is a very broad phenomenon.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 기존에 관행적으로 상온에서 방치되어오던 단감의 예건 조건을 온도와 시간을 달리하면서 단감의 중량 감소율, 경도 및 저온저장고에서 장시간 저장 후 경도 감소율을 비교하였다. 상온에서의 예건은 처리시간이 일주일씩 되기 때문에 수확 시기에 공간적인 문제와 함께 농가에서 어려움이 있어 예건 온도를 높이면서 처리시간을 단축하여 단감의 품질변화가 유지되거나 향상되는 예건 조건을 찾았다. 예건 처리 조건 중에서 고온($30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) 6시간 처리 시 단감의 중량 감소율은 $1.28{\pm}0.22%$로 대조군의 $1.62{\pm}0.02%$보다도 약 20% 억제하는 경향을 보였고, 과육의 경도는 $22.2{\pm}2.64N$으로 매우 단단한 경도를 보였으며, 저온저장고에서 100일간 저장 후 경도 감소율에서도 $12.9{\pm}3.8%$의 감소율을 보여 대조군에 비해 약 50% 향상되는 결과를 얻었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1738-1746
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate quality characteristics of reduced-salt, low-fat pork sausage (PS) using pre-rigor muscle and sea tangle extract (STE) to reduce salt level of sausages during refrigerated storage. Methods: Pork ham was prepared with pre-rigor and post-rigor muscle from the local market. Sausages using post-rigor muscle were manufactured with the 1.5% of salt content, and samples with pre-rigor muscle were processed by different salt concentrations (0.8%). Accordingly, PSs were prepared in 4 treatments (REF, PS with 1.5% of salt using post-rigor muscle; CTL, PS with 0.8% of salt using pre-rigor muscle; TRT1, PS with 0.8% of salt and 5% of STE using pre-rigor muscle; TRT2, PS with 0.8% of salt and 10% of STE using pre-rigor muscle). For the evaluation of quality characteristics and shelf-life of reduced-salt PS, pH and color values, cooking loss (%), expressible moisture (%), textural properties, lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric reactive substances), protein denaturation (volatile basic nitrogen), and microbiological analysis (total plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts) were determined. Results: The pH and temperature of pre-rigor raw pork ham were higher than those of post-rigor pork ham. Hardness of TRT2 was higher than that of REF or CTL. TRT2 had higher gumminess and chewiness than CTL. TRT1 and TRT2 had lower volatile basic nitrogen than CTL. Total plate counts of TRT2 were lower than those of CTL. Expressible moisture values of TRT1 and TRT2 were similar to those of REF. The addition of STE into PS improved functional properties and shelf-life of PS. Conclusion: Reduced-salt PS containing pre-rigor muscle and STE had similar functional properties to those of regular-salt ones, while containing approximately 47% less salt compared to regular-salt level.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2001

Platelet adhesion onto elastic polymeric biomaterials was tested in vitro by perfusing human whole blood at a shear rate of 100 sec$\^$-1/ for possible verification of mechanisms of initial platelet adhesion perfusion of blood on the polymeric substrates was performed after treatments either with or without pre-adsorption of 1% blood plasma, and either with or without residence of the protein-preadsorbed substrate in phosphate buffered solution. The surfaces employed were elastic polymers such as poly(ether urethane urea), poly(ether urethane), silicone urethane copolymer, silicone rubber and poly(ether urethane) with the anti-calcifying agent hydroxyethane bisphosphate. Each polymer surface treated was exposed in vitro to the dynamic, heparinized whole blood perfused for upto 6 min and the surface area of platelets initially adhered was measured by employing in situ epifluorescence video microscopy. The blood perfusion was performed on the surfaces treated at the following three different conditions: directly on the bare surfaces, after protein pre-adsorption and after residence in buffer for 3 days of the surfaces protein pre-adsorbed for 2 h. The effects of blood plasma pre-adsorption on the initial platelet adhesion was surface-dependent. The amount of the adsorbed fibrinogen and the surface coverage area of the adhered platelets were dependent on the surface conditions whether substrates were bare surfaces or protein pre-adsorbed ones. To test an effect of possible morphological (re)orientations of the adsorbed proteins on the initial platelet adhesion, the polymeric substrate pre-adsorbed with 1% blood plasma was immersed in phosphate buffered solution for 3 days and then exposed to physiological blood perfusion. The surface area of the platelets adhered on these surfaces was significantly different from that of the surfaces treated with protein pre-adsorption only. These results indicated that platelet adhesion was dependent on the surface property itself and pre-treatment conditions such as blood perfusion without any pre-adsorption of proteins, and blood perfusion either after protein pre-adsorption or after subsequent substrate residence in buffer of the substrate pre-adsorbed with proteins. Understanding of these results may guide for better designs of blood-contacting materials based on protein behaviors.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.173-188
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• 2014

In this paper, a new class of open sets, namely ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets was introduced and its basic properties were studied. Moreover a new type of topology ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$ was generated using ${\gamma}^*$-pre-open sets and characterized the resultant topological space (X, ${\tau}_{{\gamma}p^*}$) as ${\gamma}^*$-pre-$T_{\frac{1}{2}}$ space.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2020

We examine the effects of the complexity of tax-related information on the issuance of analyst's pre-tax income forecast and its value relevance. If analysts respond adequately to the needs of investors, they are more likely to provide a pre-tax income forecast. The provision of a pre-tax income forecast may indicate analysts' confidence in assessing the quality of earnings. Thus, investors, in turn, would be more confident in the analysts' pre-tax income forecasts if analysts provide both pre-tax and earnings forecasts than only the latter. Using a sample of Korean listed companies for 2005-2014, we find that analysts are likely to provide an implicit tax forecast when the volatility of the effective tax rate is low and the book-tax differences are small. We also find that when analysts provide pre-tax and after tax income forecasts, the value relevance for unexpected earnings increases. These results indicate that analysts are likely to be interested in corporate tax information and the complexity of tax-related information affects the availability of implicit tax forecasts. Furthermore, this study provides empirical evidence that when analysts provide both pre-tax and after tax income forecasts, investors have more confidence in analysts' earnings forecasts, which results in greater investors' responses.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2015

Purpose: This study attempted to describe hospital nurses' pre-diabetes knowledge, performance and expectation of patient. Methods: The total of 204 hospital nurses were administered the questionnaires. The questionnaire comprises general background information (including sex, age, religion, education and career), ten researcher-generated questions regarding knowledge about pre-diabetes, performance of patient education (including how many people encounter in workplace, how often teaching, how many minutes required to teach and course contents) and expectation (including need improvement of teaching, barrier to education and desirable course contents and teaching methods) Results: The average score of hospital nurses' pre-diabetes knowledge was as low as 0.82 (82% correctness). On comparison of the knowledge levels among ten pre-diabetes knowledge dimensions, the highest score was 0.95 for necessary of medical check-up. The lowest score was 0.57 for complication can rarely happen. Significant correlations were observed for education, career and knowledge regarding pre-diabetes. Moreover, 49.5% of the nurses did not instruct patients about pre-diabetes, 24.5% taught prevention skills to a third of the pre-diabetes patients they encountered, and 61.2% nurses disseminated information under 5 minutes. Improvement was necessary for 78 nurses (75.8%). Conclusion: Pre-diabetes awareness among nurses is necessary.