• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1996

The gene encoding gIII of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) PQ strain was cloned and expressed in baculovirus. Although the gIII gene is located in Hind III I fragment as the case of the other BHV-1 strains, differences in size and restriction endonuclease site within the fragment were identified. The gIII expression was predominantly detected on the surface on insect cells by indirect immunofluoresecnce assay using monoclonal antibody. The western blotting analysis also revealed the presence of expressed protein of a similar molecular size to the original gIII protein. The immunogenicity of expressed protein were tested in guinea pigs. The immunized guinea pigs with expressed protein developed the neutralizing antibodies against BHV-1.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2011

Four Trichoderma strains (CH2, SH16, PQ34, and TN42) were isolated from soil samples collected from Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam. The strains exhibited high chitinolytic secretion. Strain PQ34 formed the largest zone of chitinase-mediated clearance (> 4 cm in diameter) in agar containing 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of these strains indicated that they were Trichoderma asperellum. The molecular weights of the chitinases were approximately 42 kDa. Chitinase genes (chi42) of T. asperellum strains TN42, CH2, SH16, and PQ34 were 98~99% homologous to the ech42 gene of T. harzianum CB-Pin-01 (accession No. DQ166036). The deduced amino acid sequences of both T. asperellum strains SH16 and TN42 shared 100% similarity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1137-1140
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• 2008

M1 RNA, the catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli RNase P, is an essential ribozyme that processes the 5' leader sequence of tRNA precursors (ptRNAs). Using KS2003, an E. coli strain generating only low levels of M1 RNA, which showed growth defects, we examined whether M1 RNA is involved in polycistronic mRNA processing or degradation. Microarray analysis of total RNA from KS2003 revealed six polycistronic operon mRNAs (acpP-fabF, cysDNC, flgAMN, lepAB, phoPQ, and puuCBE) showing large differences in expression between the adjacent genes in the same mRNA transcript compared with the KS2001 wild type strain. Model substrates spanning an adjacent pair of genes for each polycistronic mRNA were tested for RNase P cleavage in vitro. Five model RNAs (cysNC, flgMN, lepAB, phoPQ, and puuBE) were cleaved by RNase P holoenzyme but not by M1 RNA alone. However, the cleavages occurred at non-ptRNA-like cleavage sites, with much less efficiency than the cleavage of ptRNA. Since cleavage products generated by RNase P from a polycistronic mRNA can have different in vivo stabilities, our results suggest that RNase P cleavage may lead to differential expression of each cistron.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Toxicological safety on 20 kGy-gamma irradiated Kanjang (soy sauce), Doenjang (soybean paste), Kochujang (hot pepper paste) and Chunghukjang (soy paste) was determined by SOS Chromotest. As the strain of the SOS Chromotest, Escherichia coli PQ37 was used in the condition of presence or absence of an exogenous metabolizing system (S-9 mix). Water extract or organic solvent extract was prepared from samples, concentrated and tested by SOS Chromotest with S-9 mix or not. All irradiated samples were not different from non-irradiated one in the bacterial assay maintaining the below 1.5 of IF(induction factor) values in the adapted dose of 10,000$\mu\textrm{g}$/assay. The results indicated that any mutagenicity was not observed in 20 kGy-irradiated traditional soybean fermented foods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.174-174
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• 1993

목적: Cinnamic acid의 유도체들중에서 항돌연변이 효과가 보고된 바 있어, 본 연구에서는 E. coil PQ37균주를 사용한 SOS chromotest를 이용하여 약 170개 cinnamic acid의 유도체들의 항돌연변이 효과를 확인하고자 하였고, 1차로 확인된 수종의 유도체들에 대한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 방법: SOS chromotest는 sul A:: lacz fusion strain 인 E. coli PQ37 에서의 chemical로 인한 DNA damage에 대한 SOS response를 $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme activity level로서 측정하는 실험이며, m-RNA 또는 protein synthesis에 대한 test chemicals의 cytotoxic저해효과를 알아보기 위하여 alkaline phosphatase를 병행측정하여 보완하였다. 결과 및 고찰: (－)S－9 경우는 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4-NQO)를 유도물질로 하였으며 대략 Induction factor가 9.7 정도였고, (＋)S－9의 경우는 aflatoxinB$_1$을 유도물질로 하였고 이때의 Induction factor는 13.8 정도였다. 이결과 1차로 test된 cinnamic acid유도체 6개중에서 RK001, RK002, RK003, RK004, RK005는 거의 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내지 않았으나, RK006은 항돌연변이 효과를 보여주어 이들의 Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) 및 Dose-response와 RK006의 항돌연변이 효과의 mechanism에 관해 M13 mp2 viral DNA의 유전자 염기서열을 이용하여 항돌연변이 기전연구를 수행중이다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 1988

To establish a laboratory animal model for study on development of diagnostic methods for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus(IBRV), experimental infection of the virus to rabbits immunosuppressed with dexamethasone(DX) were carried out. Results obtained throughout the experiments were as follows. When lymphocyte activity was measured by lymphocyte transformation to phytohaemagglutinin in parallel with total and differential leucocyte counting, both groups treated with 2.0mg DX once and 1.0mg DX daily showed marked immunosuppression between 5 to 72 hrs. after administration. The degree of suppression of lymphocyte activities was more remarkable in the latter group. IBRV PQ7 strain at $10^{7.5}\;TCID_{50}/0.2ml$ was inoculated into conjunctival sacs of rabbits immunosuppressed with DX and non-treated. During 3 weeks observation, the immunosuppressed groups revealed mild conjunctivitis, viremia and virus recovery by 33.3 to 100%, whereas the DX nontreated group showed viremia and virus recovery with no clinical conjunctivitis by one of three rabbits(33.3%). In conclusion, it was indicated that experimental infection of IBRV PQ7 strain to rabbit was limited in prerequisite to immunologic modification by administration of immunosuppressive drugs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.121-125
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• 1995

To determine whether the omega 3 family, linolenic acis(LnA) is effective to inhibit carcinogens/mutagens-induced mutagenesis, we employed the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strain of TA100 and the SOS chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37 strain. The inhibitory effect of LnA shown in the Ames assaying system was 95%, 78% and 73% when the mutagenicities were mediated by AFB$_{1}$, MNNG and 4-NQO, respectively. LnA shows a strong antimutagenic activity against indirect mutagen of AFB$_{1}$, whereas the same concentration of LnA exhibited weaker inhibitory effects on the direct mutagen of MNNG and 4-NQO than that of AFB$_{1}$. However. LnA reduced more than 80% of SOS responses induced by MNNG and 4-NQO when the adding concentration increased to 5%. We conclude that LnA contains in vitro antimutagenic properties and that this finding warrants further investigation both in vitro and in vivo to assess its possible chemotherapeutic potential.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1680-1686
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• 2015

Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) genotoxicity by a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (IMC501) was assessed by the prokaryotic short-term bioassay SOSChromotest, using Escherichia coli PQ37 as the target organism. Results showed the ability of strain IMC501 to rapidly and markedly counteract, in vitro, the DNA damage originated by the considered genotoxin. The inhibition was associated with a spectroscopic hypsochromic shift of the original 4-NQO profile and progressive absorbance increase of a new peak. IR-Raman and GC-MS analyses confirmed the disappearance of 4-NQO after contact with the microorganism, showing also the absence of any genotoxic molecule potentially available for metabolic activation (i.e., 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide and 4-nitrosoquinoline-1-oxide). Furthermore, we have shown the presence of the phenyl-quinoline and its isomers as major non-genotoxic conversion products, which led to the hypothesis of a possible pattern of molecular transformation. These findings increase knowledge on lactobacilli physiology and contribute to the further consideration of antigenotoxicity as a nonconventional functional property of particular probiotic strains.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.618-624
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• 1990

The antimutagenic effects of apple enzymatic browning reaction products(AEBRP) which resulted from the reaction of catechol, hydroquinone, homocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone and pyrogallol with polyphenol oxidase extracted from apple(Jona gold) were investigated. Test strain used in SOS spot test and SOS chromotest was E. coli PQ 37/plasmid pKM 101. In SOS spot test, all of five AEBRPs showed strong antimutagenic effects on mytomycin C(MMC), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), N-me-thyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidlne(MNNG) as increasing concentrations of AEBRP solution. In SOS chromotest, most of AEBRPs also showed strong antimutagenic effects on MMC, MNNG, 4NQO and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1), as increasing concentration of AEBRP solution.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1281-1287
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the antimutagenic effects of methyl alcohol extracts from Auricularia auricula and Gyrophora esculenta on the SOS response induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), mitomycin C (MMC) and 3-amino-1,4- dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indol (Trp-P-1) in E. coli PQ37/plasmid pKM101. In the mutagenic test on test strain, both methyl alcohol extracts did not show mutagenic activity. In the antimutagenic test, each sample strongly inhibited the mutagenecity induced by 4NQO, MNNG, MMC and Trp-P-1. Methyl alcohol extracts from Auricularia auricula and Gyrophora esculenta showed inhibitory effects of 52% and 59% against 4NQO, 49% and 58% against MNNG, 53% and 64% against MMC, and 61% and 64% against Trp-P-1, respectively. Gyrophora esculenta extracts on the antimutagenicity showed relatively higher inhibitory effects than that of Auricularia auricula.