• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.508-518
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• 2019

Objective: This research aimed to determine biological pathways and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for 305-d milk yield (MY), 305-d fat yield (FY), and age at first calving (AFC) in the Thai multibreed dairy population. Methods: Genotypic information contained 75,776 imputed and actual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 2,661 animals. Single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictions were utilized to estimate SNP genetic variances for MY, FY, and AFC. Fixed effects included herd-year-season, breed regression and heterosis regression effects. Random effects were animal additive genetic and residual. Individual SNP explaining at least 0.001% of the genetic variance for each trait were used to identify nearby genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed. The PPI of genes were identified and visualized of the PPI network. Results: Identified genes were involved in 16 enriched pathways related to MY, FY, and AFC. Most genes had two or more connections with other genes in the PPI network. Genes associated with MY, FY, and AFC based on the biological pathways and PPI were primarily involved in cellular processes. The percent of the genetic variance explained by genes in enriched pathways (303) was 2.63% for MY, 2.59% for FY, and 2.49% for AFC. Genes in the PPI network (265) explained 2.28% of the genetic variance for MY, 2.26% for FY, and 2.12% for AFC. Conclusion: These sets of SNP associated with genes in the set enriched pathways and the PPI network could be used as genomic selection targets in the Thai multibreed dairy population. This study should be continued both in this and other populations subject to a variety of environmental conditions because predicted SNP values will likely differ across populations subject to different environmental conditions and changes over time.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2024

Patient-physician interaction (PPI) is an important area in medical education, but in-depth discussions on the content of the outcome of patient-doctor education are rare. Therefore, in this study, we will systematically analyze the research on PPI education in Korea. In this study, papers searched with keywords related to PPI education from Korea's academic journal service were targeted according to a systematic literature analysis method. The scope of the study was to include papers published in academic journals that are candidates for Korea Citation Index registration, excluding dissertations, research reports, posters, conference presentations, books, and internet materials. The content included papers targeting medical education and medical school students was set as the range. As a result of the analysis, although communication between PPI has many positive effects in the PPI in medical education at medical schools, obstacles do occur, and various ways to overcome them were suggested. Therefore, although medical interview training between patients and doctors in medical schools is necessary, it was analyzed as being based on overseas research or lacking in specific content. The core of PPI education appears to be medical interviews, and it seems necessary to discuss whether empathy or patient-centered medical care are appropriate as the main principles of PPI education in Korea. Therefore, education on the patient-doctor relationship is an important element in medical humanities and medical humanities education, and it is expected that research and education on this will progress more actively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.161-164
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• 2009

지상파DTV 방송프로그램의 온라인 상의 불법적인 배포가 활발하게 일어남에 따라서, 지상파DTV 방송프로그램에 대한 보호를 위한 여러 가지 조치가 시도되고 있다. 국내에서는 TTA를 중심으로 ATSC의 RC 기술자를 기반으로 한 방송프로그램 보호 기술 규격이 제정되었으며, 이를 기반으로 한 수신기에서의 방송프로그램 보호에 대한 표준화가 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 방송프로그램 보호신호(Program Protection Information: PPI)에 기반한 지상파 방송프로그램 보호 방법에 대해서 소개한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 방송프로그램에 함께 포함된 PPI 정보의 재배포 조건에 따라, 방송프로그램을 암호화되어 저장한다. 사용자의 홈도메인을 기반으로 사적복제를 지원하기 위해, 해당 방송프로그램을 복호화 하기 위한 인증 정보는 도메인 정보를 기반으로 방송프로그램과 같이 패키징 된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 지상파 방송프로그램 보호방법은 방송프로그램을 보호할 뿐 아니라, 사용자의 사적이용을 지원하기 위한 홈도메인 기반의 제한적인 배포 기능을 제공한다.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-109
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• 2016

Public procurement for innovation (PPI) is a new approach in stimulating innovation, and currently attracts considerable attention from policymakers and academics. This paper discusses the rationales and perspectives of PPI in Vietnam. The rationales for public procurement for innovation policy in Vietnam compared to theoretical and international practice are discussed. From such a comparison, the paper concludes that R&D results-procurement policy in Vietnam shall be understood and implemented as regular PPI both theoretically and practically. However while designing the policy, policymakers must consider the characteristics of the STI system of the country in order to make the policy adaptable to context. The paper identifies that PPI in Vietnam can be implemented with a ready legal framework (intellectual property rights, R&D contracts, standardization, etc.), the prepared capabilities of R&D institutions, businesses, and public agencies in innovation processes, and the provision of a demand-supply network and other procurement incentives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06b
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• pp.492-494
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• 2012

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)는 mRNA의 발현량을 조절하여 단백질 생성량에 영향을 주는 것으로 잘 알려져있다. miRNA의 데이터베이스는 실험으로 증명된 결과를 중심으로 구성되어 있다. 하지만 miRNA 데이터베이스는 miRNA가 대상으로 하는 유전자 정보에 초점을 맞추고 있어서 그 이상의 질병정보를 얻기에는 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 miRNA와 Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI) 통합 모델을 설계하여 miRNA의 의미적 확장 방법을 제시하고 있다. 또한 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)을 이용한 miRNA, PPI, 관련 질병, 질병 표준화 관계의 확장방법을 찾아보았다. 이러한 접근 방법은 이형 데이터베이스를 연결하여 하나의 생물학적 시야를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2009

The research develops the calculation steps of Z sigma level, process capability index(PCI) and process performance index(PPI) applicable to the discrete process in the service industry. The paper presents three following topics used related process indexes according to the precision and accuray in the continuous process. The contents include diverse process indexs for nonconformities by SPC attribute control charts and bias coefficient. The same technique of the nonconformites is also used in the nonconforming units. The practical examples are provided to help easier understanding for users.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.383-400
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• 2023

This research focuses on examining the mobilization of Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI) in South Korea as a case study in technology innovation. By using the lens of policy mobility and qualitative research methodologies, it emphasizes the circulation of PPI is an outcome of an assemblage of multiple actors who are responsible for the introduction of PPI. The Public Procurement Service in South Korea has actively sought to understand and adopt the concept of PPI from developed countries. This initiative has been localized under the umbrella of 'innovative technology and product.' Throughout the mobilization, a cadre of technocrats, the Innovation Procurement Competence Center plays a pivotal role, and particularly encourages Small and Medium Enterprises to bolster their export capabilities, resulting in a reciprocal circulation of policies and programs from South Korea to foreign countries as well as within intra-urban area. Consequently, the above findings, revealing the nuanced evolution of policy mobility in local contexts, hold practical significance as they provide valuable insights and lessons for urban studies.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2011

This study investigated the high temperature oxidation behavior of Ni-22.4%Fe-22%Cr-6%Al (wt.%) porous metal. Two types of open porous metals with different pore sizes of 30 PPI and 40 PPI (pore per inch) were used. A 24-hour TGA test was conducted at three different temperatures of $900^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$. The results of the BET analysis revealed that the specific surface area increased as the pore size decreased from 30 PPI to 40 PPI. The oxidation resistance of porous metal decreased with decreasing pore size. As the temperature increased, the oxidation weight gain of the porous metal also increased. Porous metals mainly created oxides such as $Al_2O_3$, $Cr_2O_3$, $NiAl_2O_4$, and $NiCr_2O_4$. In the 40 PPI porous metal with small pore size and larger specific surface area, the depletion of stabilizing elements such as Al and Cr occurred more quickly during oxidation compared to the 30 PPI porous metal. Ni-Fe-Cr-Al porous metal's high-temperature oxidation micro-mechanism was also discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.259-271
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• 2008

We propose a protein function finding algorithm that is able to predict specific molecular function for unannotated proteins through domain analysis from protein-protein network. To do this, we first construct protein-protein interaction(PPI) network in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from MIPS databases. The PPI network(proteins; 3,637, interactions; 10,391) shows the characteristics of a scale-free network and a hierarchical network that proteins with a number of interactions occur in small and the inherent modularity of protein clusters. Protein-protein interaction databases obtained from a Y2H(Yeast Two Hybrid) screen or a composite data set include random false positives. To filter the database, we reconstruct the PPI networks based on the cellular localization. And then we analyze Hub proteins and the network structure in the reconstructed network and define structural modules from the network. We analyze protein domains from the structural modules and derive functional modules from them. From the derived functional modules with high certainty, we find tentative functions for unannotated proteins.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2016

Background: The use of acid suppressive agents became a standard therapy in an intensive care unit (ICU) to prevent stress related gastrointestinal mucosal damage. However, the risk of infectious diseases has been concerned. Objective: The study was to determine the differences between histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) by Clostridium difficile with patients in ICU. Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study including patients admitted to the ICU who were at least 18 years of age and stayed for more than 48hrs from August 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. The propensity score analysis and propensity matched multivariable logistic regression were used in analyzing data to control for confounders. Results: A total of 155 patients were assessed. H2RA were prescribed in 110 (53.9%) and PPI were in 45 (22.1%). Nosocomial pneumonia developed in 37 (23.9%); 25 (22.7%) were on H2RA and 12 (26.7%) were on PPI. The unadjusted incidence of nosocomial pneumonia was slightly higher in the patients with PPI (odds ratio (OR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-2.71) compared to them with H2A. After adjusting with propensity score, the adjusted OR with PPI was 1.35 (95% CI: 0.44-4.11). The propensity score matched analyses showed similar results. Conclusion: The uses of PPI and H2RA as a stress ulcer prophylaxis agent showed similarity in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and PMC.