• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inhalation and exhalation exercise combined with upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern on two spirometry values: forced volume vital (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults were divided into two groups: 1) a combined group, which performed upper extremity D2 flexion pattern (shoulder flexed/abducted/external rotated, forearm supinated, wrist radial deviated, and finger extended) during exhalation and D2 extension pattern (shoulder extended/adducted/internal rotated, forearm pronated, wrist ulnar deviated, and finger flexed) during inhalation; and 2) reverse combined group, which performed the D2 flexion pattern during inhalation and the D2 extension pattern during exhalation. The inverse application of upper extremity movements during inhalation and exhalation induced selective resistance or assistance on respiration. FVC and PEF were measured at two time points, before and after four weeks. Results: In both groups, the pre-post intervention comparison showed significant increases in FVC and PEF (p < .05). In the between-groups comparison, the reverse combined group showed a significantly higher PEF than the combined group at four weeks post intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combined respiration exercise with reverse PNF upper extremity patterns using selective resistance showed an effective increase in PEF in healthy adults. Clinicians and researchers might consider using selective resistance as a widely applicable and cost-effective option for respiratory rehabilitation planning.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Background: PNF patterns are the basis of human motion and can be expected to improve joint motion and coordination. Combined physical training with CLX training and PNF patterns can help to improve balance and perform functional mobility in the lower limb. The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of CLX training combined with PNF pattern on balance ability. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Total 16 persons participate in this study and were randomly divided in two groups the experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, exercise program with PNF pattern and CLX was performed total 24 times for 8 weeks. In the exercise program, the PNF pattern composed of D1F and D2F was applied with CLX in five positions. Single limb hop test, Y-balance test and Balance Error scoring system were performed to evaluate the balance ability according to the interventions. Results: In the single limb hop, the experimental group revealed a significant difference than a control group (p<0.05).The result of balance error scoring system, experimental group revealed significant differences between before and after training and revealed significant differences than a control group (p<0.05). In the Y-balance test, the experimental group revealed significant differences than a control group in both side. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the CLX exercise in combination with the PNF pattern had a positive effect on enhancing the balance ability of the normal adult and performing the functional mobility of the lower limb.

• 정형스포츠물리치료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the sprinter and skater combined patterns on muscle contraction onset time and muscle activation of body stabilizing muscles. Method : Our study included young and healthy men in their 20s. The participants used the sprinter and skater combined patterns of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) methods to measure muscle activation and muscle contraction onset time of the trunk muscles. To measure muscle contraction onset time and muscle activation, electrodes were attached to the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spinalis (ES) regions. Significant differences were identified using a paired t-test and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. Result : In the sprinter combined pattern, the muscle with the fastest onset time of contraction was the RES, and that with the slowest was the RRA (p<.001). In the skater combined pattern, the muscle with the fastest onset time of contraction was the LES, and that with the slowest was the LRA (p<.001). In the sprinter combined pattern, the REO and LIO presented medium muscle contraction onset times (p<.001). In the skater combined pattern, the LEO and RIO presented medium muscle contraction onset times (p<.001). Conclusions: Based on these results, these patterns could be used as exercise methods for the elderly with delayed proactive response speeds of the body stabilization methods due to imbalances in body stabilizing muscles or limbs movement.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the activity of the knee flexor and extensor with ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. Methods : A total of 18 subjects(Male 6, female 12) performed 4 lower extremity patterns of PNF and the activities of the vastus medialis oblique, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus ipsilateral sides were measured using electromyography. Results : During 4 lower extremity patterns of PNF, knee flexor and extensor muscle activity were significantly difference. Knee extensors were shown to be higher knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion combined pattern. Knee flexors were shown to be higher knee flexion and ankle plantarflexion combined pattern. Conclusion : We suggest that it is efficient to strengthening of knee extensors with ankle dorsiflexion and to strengthening of knee flexors with ankle plantar flexion. Also, for the functioning as toe standing, we have to choice appropriate movement pattern.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2013

이 연구는 PNF 통합패턴 트레이닝이 하키선수들의 균형능력 및 기능적 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 연구대상자를 28명(대조군 14명과 실험군 14명)을 무선 배정하였으며, 실험군에서 총 12주간 주 3회, 하루 60분 동안 PNF 통합패턴 트레이닝을 실시하였다. 각 군은 사전, 6주 후, 12주 후에 전산화밸런스시스템을 이용하여 균형 능력을 측정하였으며, 기능적 능력은 카리오카, 셔틀런 능력을 측정하였다. 이상의 측정값을 통계학적 검정을 위해 반복측정분산분석으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 균형능력을 비교한 결과, 눈감고 양발로 지지하면서 선 자세에서 실험군의 전-후, 움직임 영역에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 눈감고 오른발로 지지하면서 선 자세에서 실험군의 전-후, 내-외 및 움직인 영역 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 동적 균형능력에서 실험군의 전-후, 움직인 거리에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 운동수행관련 기능적 능력을 비교한 결과, 실험군의 셔틀런 능력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 이상의 결론을 통해 하키선수들에게 적용한 PNF 통합패턴의 대칭적인 트레이닝을 통해 하키선수들의 균형능력이 향상되었다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 운동학적 기능이 향상된 것으로 판단되어 하키선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 방법으로 적극 권장되어져야 된다고 사료된다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2020

본 연구는 건강한 20대 성인 20명을 대상으로 3D Newton box를 이용한 PNF의 통합패턴 운동을 실시한 후 균형, 고유감각, 유연성의 즉각적인 효과를 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료는 SPSS Window 19.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 대상자들의 일반적 특성은 기술통계를 사용하여 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였고 집단 내 균형, 고유감각, 유연성의 전·후 차이는 대응 표본 t-검정으로 분석하였다. 대상자들의 균형, 고유감각, 유연성을 Y-balance, 눈 고 한 발 서기, 손가락 바닥 닿기를 이용하여 측정하였고, 운동은 3D Newton box 안에서 PNF의 통합패턴을 적용하였다. 운동 후 균형, 고유감각, 유연성 모두 유의하게 증가하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 3D Newton box를 이용한 PNF의 통합패턴 운동이 20대 성인의 균형, 고유감각, 유연성에 즉각적으로 효과가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 균형, 고유감각, 유연성의 감소로 인해 손상 위험도가 높은 성인 또는 환자에게 적극적으로 활용될 수 있는 운동이라고 사료된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) and Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) of combined on gait ability in hemiplegic gait. Methods : The subjects of this study were 13 hemiplegic patients. Each subjects was taken PNF pattern and FES of combined with 5 times per week for 4weeks. Pre- and Post-intervention change in gait ability were measured using an Timed up and Go test, stride length of the affected side, step length of the affected side. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test. Results : The results of this study were showed significantly improvement in TUG, stride length of the affected side, step length of the affected side after intervention. Conclusion : These results suggest that the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) and Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) of combined exercise is an effective way of improving gait ability for hemiplegic patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the immediate effects of different breathing training techniques on diaphragm excursion and vital capacity in healthy adults. Specifically, the study focused on comparing respiratory exercise without PNF, bilateral pattern respiratory exercise, and bilateral pattern with spiral pattern respiratory exercise. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy adults in their 20s participated in the study. Diaphragm excursion and vital capacity were evaluated under three different conditions. A one-way repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in diaphragm excursion and vital capacity among the interventions. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in diaphragm excursion among the interventions, comparing respiratory exercise without PNF, bilateral pattern respiratory exercise, and bilateral pattern with spiral pattern respiratory exercise. Similarly, statistically significant differences were found in vital capacity among the interventions without PNF respiratory exercise, bilateral pattern respiratory exercise, and bilateral pattern with spiral pattern respiratory exercise. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that incorporating the spiral technique in respiratory exercise led to increased diaphragm excursion and lung capacity compared to other interventions. These findings suggest that PNF respiratory exercise combined with the spiral pattern may have clinical implications for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and clinical application of these approaches.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prove the effects of the PNF patterns combined with whole-body vibration (PWBV) training on muscle strength, balance, walking speed, and endurance in stroke patients. Methods: Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to the PWBV group (n=8) and the whole-body vibration (WBV) group (n=8). The PWBV group performed PNF pattern exercises using sprinter combined with WBV, while the WBV group performed using squatting for 30 minutes. Both groups performed therapeutic interventions five days per week over a period of four weeks. The manual muscle test, timed up and go test (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were used to assess the muscle strength, balance, and gait of the participants. The SPSS Ver. 19.0 statistical program was used for data processing. Statistical analysis included a pared t-test to compare the pre- and post-intervention, and an independent t-test was used to compare groups. The significance level was set as 0.05. Results: The PWBV group and WBV group showed significant improvements in the TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT (P<0.05). Significant differences between the PWBV and WBV groups were found (P<0.05). Conclusion: The PWBV improved muscle strength, balance, gait speed, and endurance in stroke patients. Thus, PWBV may be suggested as a therapeutic intervention in patients with stroke hemiplegia.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of bridging exercise and combined lifting pattern bridging exercise on the lower extremity muscle activity. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following bridging exercises. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system(LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A paired t test was used to determine the influence of muscle activity for each exercise and descriptive statistics was used to characteristics of the subjects. Results : The biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius of combined lifting pattern bridging exercise showed significance excepted vastus medialis(p<.05). In the case of men, biceps femoris showed significance in the combined lifting pattern bridging exercise(p<.05). In the case of women, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior showed significance in the combined lifting pattern bridging exercise(p<.05). Conclusion : The combined lifting pattern bridging exercise was more increased than bridging in lower extremity muscle activation. This result will be used for knee joint stabilizing exercises and biceps femoris strength training.