• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2000

This study is performed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of pine needle ash (PNA) concrete. Materials used for this experiment are PNA, normal portland cement, natural fine and coarse aggregate. Test results show that the unit weights of PNA concrete are decreased 1 % ∼3% and the highest strength is achieved by 5% PNA filled PNA concrete. Compresive strength increased by 5% , tensile strength by 20% and bending strength by 15% as compared with those of the normla cement concrete , respectively. The highest ultrasonic pulse velicity and dynamic mudulus of elasticity are acheved by 5% PNA filled PNA concrete, which are similar to those of the normal cement concrete.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 춘계종합학술대회 A
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• pp.971-975
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• 2008

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) provokes fatal infections in AIDS patients that have deficient immune functions and patients that have cellular immune responses repressed after bone marrow transplantation. A new candidate for therapeutic against HCMV is needed because conventional treatments as ganciclovir, acyclovir, cidofovir, and foscarnet cytosine used currently are improper due to their side effects and advent of resistant HCMV. In this study, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) against UL54 (DNA polymerase) and UL97 (phosphotransferase) that were essential in replication of HCMV were applied in inhibition of replication of HCMV. From the results of this study, 4 PNAs $_{PNA}UL97-1$, $_{PNA}UL97-2$, $_{PNA}UL54-3$, and $_{PNA}UL54-4$ showed 3.7, 3.1, 1.7, and 1.6 folds of inhibition effect against replication of HCMV in the human fibroblast cells. These PNA suggest a novel possibility as therapeutic against HCMV.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2009

MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs that play a role in the regulation of major processes. The inhibition of miRNAs using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is a unique and effective technique for the characterization and subsequent therapeutic targeting of miRNA function. Recent advances in ASO chemistry have been used to increase both the resistance to nucleases and the target affinity and specificity of these ASOs. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are artificial oligonucleotides constructed on a peptide-like backbone. PNAs have a stronger affinity and greater specificity to DNA or RNA than natural nucleic acids and are resistant to nucleases, which is an essential characteristic for a miRNA inhibitor that will be exposed to serum and cellular nucleases. For increasing cell penetration, PNAs were conjugated with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) at N-terminal. Among the tested CPPs, Tat-modified peptide-conjugated PNAs have most effective function for miRNA inhibition. PNA-based ASO was more effective miRNA inhibitor than other DNA-based ASOs and did not show cytotoxicity at concentration up to 1,000 nM. The effects of PNA-based ASOs were shown to persist for 9 days. Also, PNA-based ASOs showed considerable stability at storage temperature. These results suggest that PNA-based ASOs are more effective ASOs of miRNA than DNA-based ASOs and PNA-based ASO technology, compared with other technologies used to inhibit miRNA activity can be an effective tool for investigating miRNA functions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2004

경골어류인 조피볼락, 용치놀래기, 송곳니베도라치 및 졸복 식도 점액세포의 복합당질 성상을 biotinylated lectin인 DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL-1, RCA-1, sWGA, UEA-1, LCA 및 Con A로 연구하였다. 조피볼락과 용치놀래기는 큰ㆍ중간 및 작은 점액세포가 섞여 있었고, 송곳니베도라치와 졸복은 중간 및 작은 점액세포들이 섞여 있었다. 식도 점액세포들의 lectin 결합양상도 어종에 따라 차이가 있었으며 조피볼락은 DBA, SBA, BSL-1, RCA-1 및 sWGA에, 용치 놀래기는 DBA, SBA, PNA 및 sWGA에, 송곳니베도라치는 SBA 및 sWGA에 각각 반응을 하였으며 졸복은 DBA, LCA 및 Con A를 제외한 모든 lectin에 반응하였다. 조피볼락의 모든 점액세포에는 DBA, SBA 및 sWGA가, 작은 점액세포에는 이 외에 BSL-1이 반응하였다. 용치놀래기의 큰 점액세포에서는 PNA가, 중간 점액세포에는 DBA, SBA 및 sWGA가, 작은 점액세포에는 DBA와 SBA가 반응하였다. 송곳니베도라치의 중간 점액세포에는 sWGA가, 작은 점액세포에는 SBA와 sWGA가 반응하였으며 졸복은 모든 점액세포에 SBA, PNA 및 RCA-1가, 중간 점액세포에는 이 외에 sWGA와 UEA-1이 반응하였다. 특히 조피볼락의 점액세포에서 DBA와 SBA의 양이 많고, 용치놀래기에서는 큰 점액세포에서 PNA 양이, 중간 및 작은 점액세포에서 SBA양이 많았으며, 졸복의 경우 중간 점액세포에서 SBA, PNA, sWGA 및 UEA-1의 양이, 작은 점액세포에서 RCA-1의 양이 많았다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
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• pp.533-536
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 전화선을 이용한 고속 홈네트워크인 HomePNA 2.0 시스템에서 HomePNA 2.0 (H2) 프레임을 만들기 위한 프레임 프로세싱 중, 다항식 나누기 연산을 통한 CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) 16비트 생성, HCS (Header Check Sequence) 8비트 생성 및 혼화(Scrambling) 처리에 있어서 입력 8 비트를 동시에 병렬 처리함으로써 기존의 1 비트 입력을 LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register)를 사용한 다항식 나누기 연산을 수행했을 때보다 빠른 속도로 H2 프레임을 구현하고자 하는 고속 처리 기법을 제시하고 이의 성능을 검증하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2013

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that bind to complementary nucleic acid sequences with extraordinarily high affinity and sequence specificity can be used as antisense oligonucleotides against microRNAs, namely antagomir PNAs. However, methods for efficient cellular delivery must be developed for effective use of PNAs as therapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate that antagomir PNAs can be delivered to hepatic cells by complementary DNA oligonucleotide and cationic liposomes containing galactosylated ceramide and a novel cationic lipid, DMKE (O,O'-dimyristyl-N-lysyl glutamate), through glycoprotein-mediated endocytosis. An antagomir PNA was designed to target miR-122, which is required for translation of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome in hepatocytes, and was hybridized to a DNA oligonucleotide for complexation with cationic liposome. The PNA-DNA hybrid molecules were efficiently internalized into hepatic cells by complexing with the galactosylated cationic liposome in vitro. Galactosylation of liposome significantly enhanced both lipoplex cell binding and PNA delivery to the hepatic cells. After 4-h incubation with galactosylated lipoplexes, PNAs were efficiently delivered into hepatic cells and HCV genome translation was suppressed more than 70% through sequestration of miR-122 in cytoplasm. PNAs were readily released from the PNA-DNA hybrid in the low pH environment of the endosome. The present study indicates that transfection of PNA-DNA hybrid molecules using galactosylated cationic liposomes can be used as an efficient non-viral carrier for antagomir PNAs targeted to hepatocytes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.3525-3529
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• 2010

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are currently used in the treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer. Recent studies on non-small cell lung cancer have shown that some patients carry somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Such mutations correlate with the effectiveness of certain TKIs. To detect a small amount of mutant EGFR among an abundance of wild-type EGFR, we have developed a highly sensitive and simple method using PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping. The PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping enables detection of EGFR mutants down to approximately 1% mutant -to- wild type. The total assay time was short as it required only 2.0 hr. Thus, PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping can easily be applied to clinical samples for identification of DNA carrying EGFR mutations and also appear to be the best assay to detect somatic mutations.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

The mammary gland contains a subpopulation of epithelial cells with large proliferative potentials which are the likely targets for carcinogens. These clonogenic cells can proliferate and differentiate into functional glandular structures. Rat mammary epithelial cells (RMEC) were isolated and characterized in vitro. By flow cytometry of RMEC stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-peanut agglutinin(PNA) and phycoerythrin anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody, it was possible to four cell subpopulations from 7-8 week old F344 female rat mammary glands: cells negative to both reagents (B-), PNA-positive cells (PNA+), Thy-1.1-positive cells (Thy-1.1+), and cells positive to both reagents (B+). When single PNA+ cells were isolated and cultured in Matrigel with irradiated (∼50 Gray) 3T3 fibroblast feeder layer, they gave rise to multicellular clonal structures of three types: alveolar, foamy alveolar, and squamous colonies. The developed structures were similar to the mammary glands in vivo. These results suggest that some of PNA+ cells possesses many of the characteristics of multipotent clonogenic stem-like cells.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2006년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.1 (A)
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• pp.43-45
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• 2006

Unlike RNA interference, whose usage is limited to eukaryotic cells, Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) technique is applicable to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. PNA has been proven to be an effective agent for blocking gene expressions and has several advantages over other antisense techniques. Here we developed a parallel computing software that provides the ideal sequences to design PNA oligos to prevent any off-target effects. We applied a new approach in our location-finding algorithm that finds a target gene from the whole genome sequence. Message Passing Interface (MPI) was used to perform parallel computing in order to reduce the calculation time. The software will help biologists design more accurate and effective antisense PNA by minimizing the chance of off-target effects.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1081-1091
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• 2018

자일렌이 흡입된 흰쥐 후각점막의 구조와 복합당질 특성을 조사할 목적으로 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하여 300 ppm의 자일렌을 하루에 5시간씩 5일간 흡입시키고 30일까지 회복시켰다. 자일렌 흡입에 대한 후각점막의 형태적 변화를 비교하였고, PSA, UEA I, PHA-L, GSL I B4, GSL I, PNA, ECL, SBA, GSL II 및 sWGA의 10종류 렉틴을 이용한 렉틴조직화학을 실시하여 복합당질의 특성을 비교하였다. 자일렌 흡입 후 20일까지 후각상피는 상피세포의 수와 상피의 높이가 감소되는 퇴행성 변화를 보였다. 대조군에서 후각상피의 후각신경세포는 PSA, UEA I, PNA, SBA 및 sWGA에서, 지지세포는 PSA, PHA-L, GSL I, PNA, ECL, SBA, GSL II 및 sWGA에서, 그리고 후각샘은 10종류의 모든 렉틴에서 양성반응이 관찰되었다. 실험군에서 후각신경세포는 PSA, PNA 및 SBA에서 반응성이 감소하였고, 지지세포는 PSA, PNA, SBA 및 GSL II에서 반응성이 감소하였으며, 후각샘은 PSA, UEA I, GSL I 및 sWGA에서 그 반응성이 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 자일렌에 노출된 후각점막은 구조와 복합당질양상이 대조군에 비하여 많은 변화를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 후각점막의 복합당질 당잔기가 자일렌 흡입 후에 변화할 수 있음을 시사한다.