• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2002

With increasing the concerns of health improving foods. the demands of C. boreale M., which is a perennial flower and has been historically used for a natural medicine, become higher, recently, However, wild C. boreale M. collected in a mountatinous area is limited and not enough to cover all demands. The cultivation system and fertilization strategy are required to produce much amount of C. boreale M. with a good quality. We investigated the effects of soil amendment application on plant growth and effective components of C. boreale M. to develop efficient cultivation system. C. boreale M. was cultivated in a pot scale, and lime, fly ash, poultry manure compost and swine manure compost as an amendment applied with rate of 2, 20, 150 and $150Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Here, chemical fertilizers were applied with the same level ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=150-80-80kg\;ha^{-1}$) in all treatments. Flower yields of C. boreale M., edible part as a natural medicine, were increased to 37 and 27% by swine and poultry manure compost application, respectively. Poultry manure compost amending (NPK+PMC) increased 3.6 times of proline content and 58% of total amino acids in the flower part more than chemical fertilization (NPK). But the contents of amino acids did not increase with amending liming materials like lime and fly ash. Cumambrin A, which is a sesquiterpene compound and has the effect of blood-pressure reduction, increased to 34 and 19% by lime and fly ash applications, respectively. Cumambrin A was significantly correlated with calcium content in the flower part of C. boreale M. Conclusively, soil amendments like compost and liming materials might contribute to increase the yields and quality of C. boreale M.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2002

Background: Our previous study showed that purified protein derivative (PPD)-stimulated pleural mononuclear cells (PMC) from tuberculous pleurisy (Tbp) produced significantly more $IFN-{\gamma}$ (10- to 70-fold) after in vitro PPD stimulation than freshly isolated pleural cells from malignant pleurisy. The present study was designed to determine whether blocking the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction decreases $IFN-{\gamma}$ production by altering IL-12 levels. Methods: IL-12 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production after neutralizing anti-CD40L antibody treatment was compared to the efficacy of anti-CD80, anti-CD86, and a combination of anti-CD80 and CD86 (CD80+86) monoclonal antibodies (mAb). These activities were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), after in vitro stimulation with PPO antigen (Ag). Results: Neutralization of CD80, CD86 and CD80+86 did not decrease $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12 production in Tbp-PMC, whereas neutralization of CD40L significantly depressed IL-12 p40 and $IFN-{\gamma}$. In addition, neutralization of CD40L completely inhibited IL-12 p40 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA expression. Conclusion: The CD40-CD40L interaction might play a major role in IL-12 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production in Tbp-PMC, thus contributing to protective immunity in human tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.467-474
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate effect of temperature condition on nitrogen mineralization of organic matter, distribution of microbial group by PLFA profiles, and soil microbial community structure in volcanic ash soil. Dried soil 30 g mixed well each 2 g of pellet (OFPE) organic fertilizers, pig manure compost (PMC), and food waste compost (FWC). And then had incubated at $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Nitrogen mineralization rate increased with increasing temperature and that was in the order of FWC>OFPE>PMC. Distribution ratio of microbial group by PLFA profiles were different significantly caused by incubation temperature and the type of organic matter. As incubating time passed, density of microbial group decreased gradually. The Gram-bacteria PLFA/Gram+ bacteria PLFA, Fungi PLFA/Bacteria PLFA, and Unsaturated PLFA/saturated PLFA ratios were decreased according to the increasing temperature gradually. But cy19:0/$18:1{\omega}7c$ ratio increased both FWC and PMC treatment. Principal component analysis using PLFA profiles showed that microbial community structure made up clearly at both 75 days ($10^{\circ}C$) and 270 days ($30^{\circ}C$) by temperature factor. As incubating time passed, microbial community structure shifted gradually.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.497-514
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• 2017

This study quantitatively analyzes the effects of emission inventory choices on the simulated particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the domestic/foreign contributions in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) with an air quality forecasting system. The forecasting system is composed of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)-Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ). Different domestic and foreign emission inventories were selectively adopted to set up four sets of emissions inputs for air quality simulations in this study. All modeling cases showed that model performance statistics satisfied the criteria levels (correlation coefficient >0.7, fractional error <50%) suggested by previous studies. Notwithstanding the apparently good model performance of total PM concentrations by all emission cases, annual average concentrations of simulated total PM concentrations varied up to $20{\mu}g/m^3$ (160%) depending on the combination of emission inventories. In detail, the difference in simulated annual average concentrations of the primary PM coarse (PMC) was up to $25.2{\mu}g/m^3$ (6.5 times) compared with other cases. Furthermore, model performance analyses on PM species showed that the difference in the simulated primary PMC led to gross model overestimation in general, which indicates that the primary PMC emissions need to be improved. The contribution analysis using model direct outputs indicated that the domestic contributions to the annual average PM concentrations in the SMA vary from 44% to 67%. To account for the uncertainty of the simulated concentration, the contribution correction factor method proposed by Bae et al. (2017) was applied, which resulted in converged contributions(from 48% to 57%). We believe this study shows that it is necessary to improve the simulated concentrations of PM components in order to enhance the accuracy of the forecasting model. It is deemed that these improvements will provide more accurate contribution results.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the field application of the developed recommendation system in organic rice (Oriza sativa L.) paddy and to investigate the mineral nitrogen content in soil and rice productivity. According to the developed system, hairy vetch (HV), rye+rapeseed oil cake (R+OC), rapeseed oil cake (OC) for only basal fertilization (OC-B), OC for split application (OC-S), pig manure compost (PMC), and chemical fertilizer (CHM) were applied to paddy soil at the rate of 107~133 kg N/ha. Results were followed, unhulled rice yield of OC-S (111%), OC-B (110), R+OC (106), HV (101), and PMC (96) were no significantly different with CHM (100). Also there was positive correlation (R²=0.803^*) between unhulled rice yield and cumulative inorganic N in soil. For nitrogen use efficiency of rice, OC-B, OC-S, and R+OC were not significantly different with CHM. In conclusions, the developed organic materials use recommendation system was effective for organic rice productivity. It could be useful for organic farmer to apply the organic materials use recommendation system for rice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.878-880
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• 2003

대부분의 진단 알고리즘은 PMC 모델을 바탕으로 결함의 개수가 t개를 초과하지 않는다는 t-진단가능 시스템의 특성을 이용한다. 하지만, 병렬처리 시스템의 규모가 커짐에 따라 시스템 내에서 발생되는 결함의 빈도가 높아지게 된다. 즉, 진단 알고리즘에서 가정하는 결함의 개수 t는 병렬처리 시스템 안에 있는 노드의 수에 비해 상당히 작은 개수이며, 결함의 개수가 t를 초과할 경우는 거의 고려하지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 결함의 개수가 t개를 초과하는 경우에 대하여 진단의 정확여부를 판단할 수 없는 충분히 작은 개수의 노드가 존재한다는 것을 허락함으로서, 진단 가능한 결함의 최대 수를 증가시키는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 1971

After topping, axillary buds of haploid plants derived from cultured anthers were treated with 0.4% aqueous solution of colchicine. Due to the high temperature and dry air at the time of treatment, most of the buds perished. A few months after the colchicine application, however, several shoots arose from the places where the dead buds were originally located. These shoots were mostly diploid. Induction of adventive shoots from the colchicine-treatedaxils was supposed to be rather effective method of obtaining diploid shoots from haploid plants. The diploid plants had larger floral organs than the haploid plants, and had good pollen fertility and seed setting. 24 bivalent chromosomes were observed at MI of the PMC's.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-6
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• 1963

As a part of embryological studies of Panax ginseng, megasporangium and megagametophyte formations were investigated. Ovule is found to be auatropous. Small-sized nucellus is surrounded by thick layered single integument. As the embryo sac develops, the nucellus along with some parts of the inner epidermis of integument disintegrates and completely disappers at flowering stage. Embryo sac takes the type of typical Polygonum although antipodal cells disappear and polar nuclei fuse to form secondary nucleus before fertilization. Mature embryo sac consists of egg apparatus and large secondary nucleus lying adjacent to the egg. Besides the normal ovule, tiny incomplete ovule develops near the base of style. Frequently two normal ovules are formed in a single locule. Chromosome number counted is PMC is n=24.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.3_4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1966

The study was carried out to analyse the relationship between the frequency of accessory chromosomes in rye and soil property, such as pH, water content, P, N, K, Mg, and Ca. It was apparant that frequency of accessory chromosomes in rye was found to be higher in acidic soil than they are in basic soil. Chromosomal aberraton including translocation hetrozygote and broken centromere were found in the meiosis in PMC. It seems to be that more translocation heterozygote occurs in the plots of Paldang and Sinjangri where pH of soil shows high pH value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.259-264
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• 2001

과학자들의 대표적인 연구결과 발표 및 배포 수단이었던 인쇄저널은 최근 인터넷의 영향으로 다양한 장점을 지닌 전자출판 및 전자커뮤니케이션으로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 학술환경의 급격한 변화를 배경으로 본 연구는 PMC(PubMed Central) 발족과 함께 커다란 논란이 되고 있는 기존 인쇄출판의 문제점과 최근의 무료 전자 아카이브 동향에 대해 소개하고, 이를 바탕으로 변화하는 학술 커뮤니케이션에 있어 소외의 우려가 있는 도서관의 당면문제 및 대응방안에 대해 고민해 보고자 한다.