• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 2021

This research investigated the characteristics of fine particle concentration and ionic elements of PM_2.5 during sea breeze occurrences during summertime in Busan. The PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations of summertime sea breeze occurrence days in Busan were 46.5 ㎍/m³ and 34.9 ㎍/m³, respectively. The PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations of summertime non-sea breeze occurrence days in Busan were 25.3 ㎍/m³ and 14.3 ㎍/m³, respectively. The PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratios of sea breeze occurrence days and non-sea breeze occurrence days were 0.74 and 0.55, respectively. The SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- concentrations in PM_2.5 of sea breeze occurrence days were 9.20 ㎍/m³, 4.26 ㎍/m³, and 3.18 ㎍/m³ respectively. The sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) of sea breeze occurrence days were 0.33 and 0.05, respectively. These results indicated that understanding the fine particle concentration and ionic elements of PM_2.5 during sea breeze summertime conditions can provide insights useful for establishing a control strategy of urban air quality.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.358-366
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the monthly and seasonal PM10 data using the Autoregressive Error (ARE) model at the southern part of the Gyeonggi-Do, Pyeongtaek monitoring site in Korea. In the ARE model, six meteorological variables and four pollution variables are used as the explanatory variables. The six meteorological variables are daily maximum temperature, wind speed, amount of cloud, relative humidity, rainfall, and global radiation. The four air pollution variables are sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$), nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone ($O_3$). The result shows that monthly ARE models explained about 17~49% of the PM10 concentration. However, the ARE model could be improved if we add the more explanatory variables in the model.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.111-128
• /
• 2023

Chungcheongnam-do has various emission sources, including large-scale facilities such as power plants, steel and petrochemical industry complexes, which can lead to the severe PM pollution. Here, we measured concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and its metallic elements at a suburban site in Taean, Chungcheongnam-do from September 2017 to June 2022. During the measurement period, the average concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were 58.6 ㎍/m³ (9.6~379.0 ㎍/m³) and 35.0 ㎍/m³ (6.1~132.2 ㎍/m³), respectively. The concentration of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 showed typical seasonal variation, with higher concentration in winter and lower concentration in summer. When high concentrations of PM_2.5 occurred, particulary in winter, the fraction of Zn and Pb components considerably increased, indicating a significant contribution of Zn and Pb to high-PM_2.5 concentration. In addition, Zn and Pb exhibited the highest correlation coefficient among all other metallic elements of PM_2.5. A backward trajectory cluster analysis and CPF model were performed to examine the origin of PM_2.5. The high concentration of PM_2.5 was primarily influenced by emissions from industrial complexes located in the northeast and northwest areas.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1816-1820
• /
• 2008

Indoor air quality in public transportation such as railway, subway and bus is hard to control because of spatial restrict and variation of passenger's number. On January 2007, The Ministry of Environment announced "the guideline of indoor air quality in public transportation" for the concentration managements of particulate matter and carbon dioxide. In this study, we measured the PM10 concentration inside the Mugunghwa-ho passenger cabin and outdoor air and counted passengers. By the statistical analysis using SigmaPlot 2001 and SPSS 13.0, we found that indoor PM10 concentration is significantly affected by outdoor air. It is suggested that the air quality of inflow to the passenger cabin for air exchange must be controlled to support the indoor environment comfortably.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2014

대구지역의 13개 대기오염측정소 중 PM-10과 PM-2.5를 동시에 측정하는 3개 측정소 즉, 공업지역에 위치한 이현동, 주거지역에 위치한 만촌동, 도로변에 위치한 평리동 측정소를 대상으로 최근 2년간(2011~2012)의 자료를 이용하여 PM-10과 PM-2.5의 농도분포 특성을 연구하였다. PM-10 농도는 이현동($52.5{\mu}g/m^3$)과 평리동($60.9{\mu}g/m^3$) 모두 연평균 기준치인 $50{\mu}g/m^3$을 초과하였고, 만촌동($44.9{\mu}g/m^3$)은 기준치를 만족하였다. PM-2.5 농도는 세 지점 모두 미국의 EPA 연간기준치($15{\mu}g/m^3$)를 초과하였으며, 우리나라에서 2015년부터 시행되는 PM-2.5의 연평균기준치($25{\mu}g/m^3$)도 초과하는 수준이었다. 계절별 변화를 보면, PM-10은 봄철 > 겨울철 > 가을철 > 여름철 순이었고, PM-2.5는 겨울철 > 봄철 > 가을철 > 여름철 순으로 나타나는 특성을 보였다. 월변화 특성을 보면, PM-10과 PM-2.5 모두 겨울철인 2월에 가장 높고 여름철인 9월경에 가장 낮은 농도를 보였다. 일변화 특성을 보면, PM-10과 PM-2.5 모두 오전 7시부터 증가하여 10시~11시경에 최고 농도를 기록하고 오후 6시까지 하강하여 저녁과 새벽까지 일정한 농도를 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 주중의 미세먼지 농도는 주말보다 높은 농도를 보였으며, 그 변동 폭은 공업지역이 주거지역보다 크게 나타났다. PM-2.5/PM-10 비는 여름철이 높고 봄철이 가장 낮게 나타났고, 황사발생시 PM-2.5/PM-10 비는 비황사시 0.54~0.64에 비해 0.32~0.42로 매우 낮은 특성을 보였다. 본 자료는 대구지역의 미세먼지(PM-10, PM-2.5)의 현황과 특성에 대한 연구로써 향후 미세먼지의 연구 및 대기오염 관리에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제26권7호
• /
• pp.652-660
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 전국에 산재한 총 152개 지점의 측정망으로부터, 6년 동안 월 단위로 요약 정리한 PM10 농도 자료를 이용하여 대한민국 주요 행정구역(7개시와 9개 도)에 대한 PM10 성분의 시공간적 분포 특성을 진단하였다. 16개 행정구역에 대한 PM10의 농도분포를 조사한 결과, PM10의 농도는 황사의 영향이 두드러지는 봄철에 가장 높은 농도를 나타내고 있었다. 그리고 강수의 양이 많은 여름철에 농도가 줄어드는 결과를 보이는데, 이는 배출원의 강도와 습식침적이 왕성하게 나타나는 기상환경 등의 영향을 반영한 결과라 할 수 있다. 지역적으로 PM10의 농도를 비교하면, 서울에서 $68.2{\mu}g/m^3$로 최고 농도를 보인데 반면, 제주도가 $39.2{\mu}g/m^3$로 최저 농도를 나타내었다. 전체 지역별로 보면, PM10의 농도는 대도시 지역으로 갈수록, 높은 농도를 나타내고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 상관분석을 통하여 지역간 PM10 농도 분포의 공간적 상관성을 비교한 결과, 이를 통해 PM10 농도는 근접한 거리에서는 서로 영향을 주고 있다는 것도 확인하였다. 결과적으로 PM10 농도는 기상조건과 인위적인 배출원의 영향을 많이 받고 있다고 할 수가 있다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.137-145
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify PM₁₀ mass concentration levels and conduct peak identification during five tasks in agricultural works. Methods: We investigated five agricultural tasks in 12 farms, which were harvesting, plowing, sowing, planting, and decapitation. All samples were measured by using the portable aerosol spectrometer(PAS 1.108) and the aerosol monitor(SidePak AM520). The collected data were compared with the national PM₁₀ concentrations. They were calculated to descriptive statistics, independent t-test, or ANOVA, and the peak identification on time series graph. Results: The ten investigated farms showed no significant difference with the national PM₁₀ concentrations, but the two greenhouses(AM, 143.31, 85.16 ㎍/m³) showed significant difference(p<0.05). As a result of the peak identification, the harvesting tasks showed repeated peak occurrence with the background concentration level of about 50 ㎍/m³. For plowing and sowing tasks, the peak occurred intermittently when the working was conducted near the sampling sites. Among the five tasks, the arithmetic mean of the harvesting task was 138.84±294.71 ㎍/m³, which was significantly higher than the other tasks(p<0.05). In addition, the case of using a tractor was higher than the case of not using the tractor(p<0.05), and the driver's seat showed the highest concentration(AM, 95.81 ㎍/m³). Conclusions: Works in greenhouses might have exposure to PM₁₀, while outdoor works is similar to general atmospheric PM₁₀ concentration levels. However, there is a possibility of intermittent exposure to high concentrations of PM₁₀ depending on the characteristics of agricultural tasks.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study is to provide the research data on the actual concentrations of $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5},\;PM_1\;and\;CO_2$ in Seoul subway carriages. Mean concentrations of $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1,\;and\;CO_2$ in subway carriages were investigated at levels of $215.1{\pm}101.4{\mu}g/m^3,\;86.9{\pm}38.6{\mu}g/m^3,\;27.0{\pm}11.4{\mu}g/m^3,\;and\;1,588{\pm}714ppm$, respectively. The mean concentrations in subway carriages were higher when the train ran on an underground track rather than on an above ground track. The measured concentration of particulate matter varied with the time of day and was highest in the morning, followed by noon and evening while the $CO_2$ concentration was highest in the morning, followed by evening and noon. In relation to correlation among the pollutants: the correlation between $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ was 0.92, and that between $PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$ was 0.94. The inclusion rate of $PM_{2.5}\;to\;PM_{10}$ was $41{\pm}7%$ and that of $PM_1\;to\;PM_{2.5}\;was\;32{\pm}4%$. In addition, the $CO_2$ concentration had a positive relation with the number of people in a carriage, whereas the concentration of $PM_{10}$ had negative correlation to the number of people. In relation to these two pollutants we calculated using a regression equation (34.06+0.04$CO_2$(ppm)-0.09 PM10$({\mu}g/m^3)$($R^2$=0.30, p<0.01, n=707), that a maximum number of 61 persons would ensure that each pollutant is maintained below the criteria level, applicable to subway stations.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2004

We report the high concentration episodes for PM$_{10}$, SO$_2$, NO$_2$, and $O_3$ in many urban areas Korea during 2002. The high concentration episodes are identified based on the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and the observations obtained from the Regional Air Monitoring Network composed of approximately 160 air pollution monitoring stations located in a number of major or big cities in South Korea including Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, and Incheon cities. The results show that the twenty cases of high concentration episodes in 2002 consists of both ozone warning episodes (6 cases) and high PM$_{10}$ concentration cases (14 cases), and one half of the latter are found to occur in association with the Yellow Sand (Asian Dust) phenomena. The most outstanding characteristics of the reported episodes are the excessively high levels of maximum PM$_{10}$ concentrations during the Yellow Sand period (i.e., exceeding 3,000$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in April, 2002) and their variable occurrence frequencies across seasons. The high ozone concentration episode days are mainly resulting from both the high photochemical reactions and poor ventilations. The high PM$_{10}$ concentration days during non Yellow Sand periods, however, mostly occurred under the influence of synoptic meteorological conditions such as stagnant or slowly passing high pressure centers, and consequently prevailing weak wind speeds over the Korean peninsula. The overall results of our study thus suggest the importance of both synoptic and local meteorological factors for high concentration levels in the major and/or big cities in Korea.n Korea.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.503-513
• /
• 2022

This research investigated the effect of the eruption of Japan Sakurajima volcano on the concentration of ultrafine particle when the north Pacific high pressure exists in the Busan in summer. As a result of analyzing the forward trajectory using the HYSPLIT model, the air parcel from Sakurajima volcano passed through the sea in front of Busan at 1500 LST on July 17, 24 hours after the volcanic eruption. As a result of analyzing the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations in the Busan for two days from July 16 to 17, 2018, the Sakurajima eruption in Japan, it can be seen that there was a high increase in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations compared to the previous day. As a result of analyzing the backward trajectory, the air mass that reached Busan at 1300 LST on July 17, 2018 has moved near the Sakurajima volcano at 1,500 m, 2,000 m, and 3,000 m. The concentration of SO₄^2- in PM_2.5, the concentration of all three stations in Busan showed a sharp increase from 1000 LST on July 17th. Looking at the NH₄⁺ concentration in PM_2.5, it shows a very similar variation trend to SO₄^2-, and the correlation coefficient between the two components is 0.96 for Jangrimdong and Yeonsandong, and 0.85 for Busan New Port. Looking at the NO₃^- concentration in PM_2.5, the same high concentrations as SO₄² and NH₄⁺ were not observed in the afternoon of July 17th.