• 공업화학전망
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 지하역사 및 터널에서 발생되는 미세먼지의 현황 및 이를 저감하기 위한 기술의 동향을 조사하였다. 지하역사 및 터널의 미세먼지 농도는 주변 대기 중의 농도보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그 구성 성분에 있어서 다양한 중금속 및 발암물질들을 함유하고 있고, Fe의 농도가 가장 높게 나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지하역사 및 터널의 미세먼지 농도는 주변 대기 농도와 같은 외부 요인뿐만 아니라 열차의 운행 수, 이용 승객수, 환기량과 같은 내부 요인도 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 현재 지하역사 및 터널의 미세먼지를 저감하기 위해서 다양한 기술(환기팬, 스크린도어, 자성필터, 소형제트팬, 인공지능 환기시스템 등)들이 연구되고 있으며, 그 기술들은 현장 조건에 맞추어 사용되어야 그 실효성을 극대화시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.380-391
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its vicinities. Also, this study measured and analyzed the concentration of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals which influences on the environmental and respiratory disease in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex, Daegu, Korea. Methods: In this study, we analyzed various environmental pollutants such as particulate matter and heavy metals from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex that adversely affected local residents's health. In particular, we verified the concentration distribution and characteristics of exposure for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ among particulate matters, and heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mg). In that regard, the official test method on air pollution in Korea for analysis of particulate matter and heavy metal in atmosphere were conducted. The large capacity air sampling method by the official test method on air pollution in Korea were applied for sampling of heavy metals in atmosphere. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of seasonal environmental pollutants for each point of residence in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and surrounding area. The sampling measured periods for air pollutants were from August 11, 2013 to February 21, 2014. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the seasonal concentrations(summer, autumn and winter). Results: The average concentration for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ by direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than reference region. In analysis results of seasonal concentrations for particulate matter in four direct influence and reference area, concentration levels for winter were generally somewhat higher than concentrations for summer and autumn. The average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were $0.0008{\pm}0.0004{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0141{\pm}0.0163{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0248{\pm}0.0059{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0026{\pm}0.0011{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0272{\pm}0.0084{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.4855{\pm}0.1862{\mu}g/Sm^3$, and $0.3068{\pm}0.0631{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. In particularly, the average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.9, 3.6, 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 1.2 times higher than reference area, respectively. The continuous monitoring and management were required for some heavy metals such as Cr and Ni. Moreover, the average concentration in winter for particulate matter in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were generally higher than concentrations in summer and autumn. Also, average concentrations for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were from 1.5 to 2.0 times, 1.2 to 1.8 times, and 1.1 to 2.3 times higher than reference area, respectively. In results for seasonal atmospheric environment, TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metal concentrations in direct influence area were higher than reference area. Especially, the concentrations in C station were a high level in comparison with other area. Conclusions: In the results, some particulate matters and heavy metals were relatively high concentration, in order to understand the environmental pollution level and health effect in surrounding area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex. The concentration of some heavy metals emitted from direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than reference area. In particular, average concentration for heavy metals in this study were higher than average concentrations in air quality monitoring station for heavy metal for 7 years in Deagu metropolitan region. Especially, the residents near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex may be exposed to the pollutants(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals, etc) emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

Particulate matters (PM) which are collected into a diesel particulate filter (DPF) system have to be periodically removed by thermal oxidation. In this report, we fabricated an electrohydrodynamic-assisted pressure-swirl nozzle to spray diesel droplets finer. Atomization performance of the nozzle was evaluated using both experimental and numerical methods. Two types of nozzle designs, the charge induction type and the charge injection type, were tested. While the former generated diesel droplets of $400\;{\mu}m$ at an applied electric potential over 10 kV, the latter presented the droplets smaller than $23\;{\mu}m$ at an applied electric potential of 8 kV. The numerical simulation results showed that the reduced size of droplets caused higher evaporation of droplets and therefore the increased temperature, which would eventually increase the regeneration performance of the DPF system.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2021

Air quality related to particulate matters and ammonia is being come to the fore as the national concern in Korea. CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) provides emission coefficients of these kinds of particulate and gaseous matters in the fields of livestock; however reliability issues are consistently mentioned. Evaluation of emission rates of PM2.5 and NH3 of the country is very important, but only few studies are available as the background related to observation of the concentration of the particulate matter and ammonia, especially within livestock house in Korea. In this paper, long-term measurement of PM10, PM2.5, and ammonia within the mechanically ventilated broiler house were carried out to introduce backgrounds of generation and emission of the particulate matters and ammonia. Measurement results were analyzed according to seasonal changes, age of broilers(weeks) and measurement locations. Concentration of inhalable and respirable dust were also evaluated in terms of occupational respiratory health according to increase in broiler's activity. From the results of this study, identification of the generation mechanisms of the particulate and gaseous matters, and evaluation of the emission rate of these in the broiler house will be carried out.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2020

인간의 피부가 지하철 터널과 같은 외부환경에서 고농도의 입자 먼지(PM_2.5, PM₁₀)에 장시간 노출되면 피부에 나쁜 영향을 받게 된다. 특히, 미세입자 먼지는 피부를 손상시켜 염증과 알러지 반응을 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물이 피부에 미세입자 먼지가 반응하여 피부손상을 유발할 때 피부염증 저해능력을 조사하였다. 입자형태의 먼지는 지하철에서 하루에 가장 높은 농도로 존재할 때 수집하였다. 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물은 대조군에 비하여 강한 항산화능을 보였다 (62.6%). 미세입자 형태와 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물의 혼합물은 일산화질소 생성을 억제하여 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물이 미세입자 먼지에 의하여 유발되는 피부염증을 완화하는 효과가 확인되었다. 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물은 세포독성이 대조군에 비하여 낮았다. 입자형태의 먼지(PM₁₀)를 세포에 노출시켰을 때 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물의 농도를 증가시킬수록(5, 10, 20 ㎍/mL) 활성산소 수준이 감소함과 동시에 양성 대조군에 비하여 더욱 효과적이었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 달맞이꽃뿌리 추출물이 미세입자 형태의 먼지에 의하여 유발되는 피부 손상을 완화시킬 수 있는 효능을 제공하여 피부용 화장품 소재로 활용이 가능함을 입증하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2020

최근 환경 문제에서 중요한 화두로 떠오른 초미세먼지(PM2.5)는 미세먼지(PM10)보다도 작은 부유물질이다. PM2.5는 안구나 호흡기 질환을 일으키며 뇌혈관에까지 침투할 수 있어서 시간별로 수치를 예측하여 대비하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 PM2.5의 생성과 이동에 관한 명확한 설명이 아직까지는 제시되지 않고 있어서 예측에 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 PM2.5 예측뿐만 아니라 예측 결과에 대한 설명력을 갖는 예측 방법이 제시될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울시의 시간당 PM2.5를 예측하고자 하며, 이를 위해 각기 다른 지상관측 데이터를 시계열로 전처리하고 부트스트랩수를 조정한 랜덤 포레스트(Random Forest)를 데이터 학습 및 예측에 사용하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 예측 모델이 입력 데이터의 시각별 정보를 균형 있게 학습하게 하며 예측 결과에 대한 설명이 가능하다는 장점을 갖는다. 예측 정확도 평가를 위해 기존 모델과의 비교실험을 수행한 결과 제안 방법은 모든 레이블에서 가장 뛰어난 예측 성능을 보였으며, PM2.5의 생성과 관련된 변수와 중국의 영향과 관련된 변수가 예측 결과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.597-610
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• 2018

This study observed particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$) in the downtown area of Jeju City, South Korea, to understand the chemical composition of particulates based on an analysis of the water-soluble ionic species contained in the particles. The mass fraction of the ionic species in the sampled $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was 44.3% and 42.2%, respectively. In contrast, in Daegu City and Suwon City, the mass fraction of the ionic species in $PM_{2.5}$ was higher than that in $PM_{10}$. The chloride depletion percentage of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in Jeju City was higher than 61% and 66%, respectively. The contribution of sea-salt to the mass of $PM_{10}$ (5.9%) and $PM_{2.5}$ (2.6%) in Jeju City was similar to that in several coastal regions of South Korea. The mass ratio of $Cl^-$ to $Na^+$ in the downtown area of Jeju City was comparable to that in some coastal regions, such as the Gosan Area of Jeju Island, Deokjeok Island, and Taean City. The mass fraction of sea-salt in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was very low, and the concentration of sodium and chloride ions in $PM_{10}$ was not correlated with those in $PM_{2.5}$ ($R^2$ < 0.2), suggesting that the effects of sea-salt on the formation of particulate matter in Jeju City might be insignificant. The relationship between $NH_4{^+}$ and several anions such as $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $Cl^-$, as well as the relationship between the measurement and calculation of ammonium ion concentration, suggested that sea-salts may not react with $H_2SO_4$, and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ may be a major secondary inorganic aerosol component of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ in Jeju City.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.712-720
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• 2022

비록 PM_2.5 노출과 다양한 안구 표면 질환과 관련성이 많은 선행 연구에서 알려졌지만, PM_2.5 가 각막에 미치는 세포 독성에 대한 연구는 거의 수행되지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 PM에 의한 각막 상피세포의 유해성을 평가하기 위한 in vitro 모델로서 쥐의 각막유래 상피세포(primary rat corneal epithelial cells, RCE cells)의 효능을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 쥐의 눈에서 분리한 1차 배양 세포가 각막 상피세포임을 pan-cytokeratin 염색을 통하여 확인하였으며, PM_2.처리에 의한 각막 상피세포의 형태학적 변화를 동반한 생존율의 억제는 세포사멸 유도와 관련이 있었다. 또한 PM_2.가 처리된 각막 상피세포에서는 ROS의 생성이 증가되었으며, 이는 미토콘드리아 기능 장애와 연관성이 있었다. 이와 함께 PM_2.는 각막 상피세포에서 NO, TNF-α, IL-1β 및 IL-6를 포함한 염증 매개인자 및 사이토카인의 생성을 증가시켰다. 아울러 heatmap 분석을 통해 BLNK, IL-1RA, Itga2b, ABCb1a 및 Ptgs2가 미세먼지 유도 안구 질환의 임상 치료를 위한 잠재적인 표적 유전자로서 제시하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과는 1차 쥐의 각막 상피세포가 PM_2.에 의한 각막 상피세포 병리기전 연구에 유용한 모델일 수 있으며, 산화적 및 염증성 반응이 PM_2.유발 안구 표면 장애 유도에 핵심적인 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2010

The current study was designed to scientifically evaluate the atmospheric particulate pollution in residences relative to their proximity to a Korean major iron/metal industrial complex (IMIC). This objective was achieved by measuring the concentrations and elemental composition of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters equal to or less than 10 ${\mu}m$(PM10) in industrial ambient air from IMIC and residential ambient air with relative proximities to IMIC. The trace metals were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The industrial mean values exceeded the Korean year/70-${\mu}g/m^3$ standard for PM10, whereas the residential mean values did not. However, the maximum residential values did exceed or were close to the Korean PM10 year standard. For individual elements, the ambient concentrations ranged widely from values in the order of a few $ng/m^3$ to thousands of $ng/m^3$. The residential mean mass concentrations in the PM10 measured in the present study were higher than or similar to those reported in earlier studies. This study suggests that residents in neighborhoods near the IMIC are exposedto elevated particulate levels compared to residents living further away from such a source.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

Diesel PM can be controlled using Diesel Particulate Filter, which can effectively reduce the level of soot emissions to ambient background levels. In the Heavy Duty Diesel area, the Continuously Regeneration trap has been widely applied in the retrofit market. As the Special act for the improvement of air quality in the capital area, the retrofit program for DPF to used diesel vehicle has progressed favorably and there are currently over 1,000 of these DPF in use in retrofit applications in korea. These DPF comprise a specially formulated Diesel Oxidation Catalyst upstream of a DPF. The $NO_2$ generated by the DOC is used to combust the carbon collected in the DPF at low temperature. To certificate DPF device that is suitable to domestic circumstances, it is necessary to evaluate exactly the DPF devices according to the regulation of DPF certificate test procedure for retrofit(ministry of environment(MOE) announcement NO. 2005-16). To do so the understand of that regulation like the standard of PM reduction rate is needed. In this study the test procedure including test cycle and BPT test condition was examined and also the test result for specific DPF was analyzed. In every test like field test, PM reduction efficiency test and seoul-10 mode test, no defect could be showed.