• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-127
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• 1965

1. This report is on the outcome of observation made up the breeding process of Narcissus flycatcher, Muscicapa narcissina zanthopygia, using 15 ness-boxes at Seoul and Kwang Nung Experimental forest in 1964, and the relevant feeding habit was studied by the collar method of wrapping the necks of thenestlings for 50-60 minutes or more in some cases from 1963 to 1964. 2. The Narcissus flycatcheris a common summer resident throughout Korea arriving at the end of April. The earliest data of arrival of this species in Seoul, is April 26, 1964. They migrate southward from the later part of September to early part of October. 3. In a week after their arrival , they start to build nest after a brief courtship. Male and female prepare their nest ina nestboxes in 4 or 5 days. Nests are usually found in the moss, which provide definite frame-work. The inner side of the nest is usually composed of roots of Gramineae or leaves of pine, oak or other broad leave tree. 4. The laying period is generally from the later part of April to the middle of June : and the number of eggs laid is from 3 to 8 , therefore 5 in average : eggs are pink with traces of milky yellow blending of light auburn and orange red spots and chicken-egg-like in shape. 5.The incubation takes place for 7-12 days from the middle part of May to the middle of June, in the order of male and female . The hatching rate tends to increase in proportion to clutch size. 6. The feeding period usually lasts 15 days in average from the early part of June to the middle of July and the feeding urge tends to increase in proportion to brood size. 7. The animals invading into their nest-boxes are red ants, chipmunks, bees , barkbeetles and philippine red-tailed shirkes, etc. 8. On the basis of analysis covering 714 birds in 31 nests, the food they consumed during the nesting period of nestlings were mostly of animal matters composing of : insect larvae form-39. 88% insect adult form 36.26%, insect pupae-0.19%, spider-17.75% and other animal matters 5.92% , Besides a small amount of plant pieces were found . As to the insect larvae, Lepidoptera was the largest in the content followed by Hymenoptera , Orthoptera and Coleoptera. As to the insect adult, Diptera was the largest in the content followed by Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. In view of forest protection, noxious insect was of 69.38%, useful insect 4.39%, and spider 17.75%. 9. The rich assortment of its food, the ability of acquiring various insect (adults as well as larvae), its destruction of great numbers of harmful insects , and its quick assimilation artificial nesting with the nest-boxes of 2.5-3cm entrance hole employed, allow us to conclude that the flycatcher may be successfully employed in the elimination of fores pests. The above results are only that part obtained near Seoul in the middle of Korea, however, if we would extend the scheme to other broad areas using similar techniques, the nest-boxes could not only be well used by the birds, but also it would help to prevent the increase of harmful. insects.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.188-192
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• 1998

The correlations between growth charateristics and root yield were investigated in 74 peony lines collected from chief producing place in Korea. Among these peony lines, single flower type was 61% and the rest were double type. And pink flower was in majority. Stem length, stem diameter and number of stem per plant were $50{\sim}60cm$, $7{\sim}8mm$ and $5{\sim}6$, respectively. Generally, disease tolerance and root yield were better in single flower type peonies than double type. Among single flower type peonies, the correlation coefficients between each characteristics and root yield were as follows : number of stem $(0.676^{**})$, number of roots $(0.646^{**})$, stem length $(0.617^{**})$, root diameter $(0.590^{**})$ and root length $(0.443^{**})$. Correlation between root yield and paeoniflorin content was highly significant $(0.383^{**})$ among single flower type peonies and significant $(-0.382^*)$ among double flower type peonies. Correlation between stem diameter and root yield was not significant (0.066).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 1987

One's Clothing Satisfaction, has a great influence on his role behavior in a society. Especially, as for the teacher's and the professors whose role is teaching, it can not be too emphaszed. Above all, high school girls and college women are the most likely to be influenced by their teachers' clothing behavior, to whom they pay their respect in every way. From this point of view, this study was aimed at explaining, the correlation between the teachers/professors' clothing behaviors and the learning efficiency. On clothing behaviors assessed 30 items related with the learning efficiency, selected from the instruments of preceding studies, and modified by the factors dealing with modesty, color, and design. The questionnaires were composed of two major categories: those for students and for teachers/progessors. The subjects of this study were included students and teachers/professors of high school and universities in Seoul. The data were analyzed statically by mean, standard Deviation, and F-test. The results of this study were summerized as follows; 1. The clothing behaviors of the teachers/professors influenced on the learning efficiency. Namely teachers' clothing satisfaction is in direct proportion to them teaching efficiency and students' learning efficiency. 2. Among the clothing behavior variables, modesty had a great influence on the learning efficiency, especially as for that of teachers more than professors. 3. The influence of the teachers'/professors' clothing behaviors on the learning efficiency showed no significance between high school girls and college women, but some significance between the grades of collegians. 4. As for the teachers'/professors' clothing behavior, male teachers/professors gave priority to design and female teachers/professors to modesty, color showed no significance between them irrespective of age. 5. As for the clothing behavior variabels, both the teachers/professors and the students showed some significance. In class the teachers/professors highly responded to their own clothing behaviors than the students. 6. According to priority the most favorable clothing colors for male teachers/professors are navy blue, gray, indigo blue, and black, and the most disgusting ones red, mud yellow, violet, pink, and green. The most favorable clothing colors for female teachers/professors are beign, white, pale yellow, and black, and the most disgusting ones red, mud yellow, and yellow and yellow according to priority. It is that teachers/professors should wear modestly and in color harmony to invite the desirable students' will to study. Teachers'/professors' colorful appearance and heavy toilet bring about a drop in the students' will to study.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 2007

This study focused on the properties natural dyeing and natural material and on the development of functional material for well-being in apparel industry. Comus officinalis Siebold et Zuccarini is used as natural dyeing material which had been reported that have curable effect for unbalanced immunity, geriatric diseases like urinary tract system, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, tinnitus, hyperhidrosis and women's diseases like hypermenorrhea. And this material also has anti-cancer effect so that can restraint cancer cells. 3 kinds tester of cotton, wool and silk are dyed by boiled with each dye (flower, fruits, bark of tree) as first dyeing and dried in the shade. These testers are done by post-mordanting method. Aluminium Potassium(Alk(SO4)2), Cuprie Sulfate($CuSO4{\cdot}5H2O$), Stannous Chloride($SnCl2{\cdot}2H2O$), Ferrous Sulfate($FeCl2{\cdot}4H2O$), Titanium Sulfate 24% aqueous solution(Ti(SO4)2) are used as mordants. Dyeing results of Comus officinalis Siebold et Zuccarini flower and bark are shown as yellow color series. And dyeing result of fruits is pink color series. Silk shows the best dyeing property. As the point of view for dyeing property, Ti, Sn, Fe would be the properchoice for mordant. Following results are extracted in this study. Yellow color is resulted in dyeing with Cornus officinalis flower as non-mordanting condition. Yellowish red color is come from dyeing with Comus officinalis fruit as non-mordanting condition. Grayish yellow tone is resulted in dyeing with bark as non-mordanting condition. Orange tone color with Ti-mordanting, green tone color with Sn-mordanting and gray tone color with Fe-mordanting is resulted respectively. However light-fastness of Comus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is very low as 1 or 2 level in non-mordanting condition, Comus officinalis flower dyeing is turned out 3 or 4 level and fruit dyeing is 4 or 5 level, bark dyeing is 2 or 3 level with Ti-mordanting respectively. Eventually Comus officinalis fruit has the best light-colorfastness property among all of dyes. dry cleaning colorfastness of Cornus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is good as 4 or 5 level in Ti-mordanting condition, perspiration-colorfastness of Cornus officinalis(flower, fruit, bark) is good as 4 or 5 level in Ti-mordanting condition, With these results, this study could conclude that dye-ability, colorfastness problem is getting better after mordanting process and practical usage would be possible.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.52-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of modern Korean men's pants design from 1962 to 1998 by reviewing fashion magazine advertisements and pictorials. For theoretical study, the characteristics and the importance of apparel advertisements and the changes of modern Korean men's fashion trend were reviewed. For sample selection, first, 932 pictorials of men';s wear designs from Joongang Magazine, Shin Dong-A, Bokjangwolbo, Meot, Men's Life, WWD, and SFAA's photograph album, published from 1962 to 1998 were selected and then excluded some samples that could not clearly identify the pants design. Content analysis method was used to analyze the content of magazines and pictorials. The final samples are classified into pattern, color, length, silhouette, and existence or non-existence of turn-up. Frequency and $x^2$-test were conducted using a SAS statistics package to analyse the data. The results were as follows. ; (1) Solid pattern was the most prevailed throughout the last four decades and followed by stripe, check, the others, abstract, dot and floral. There is no significant difference in the type of men's pants pattern between each decade. (2) It showed a significant difference in colors of men's pants between decades. The colors in men's wear are divided into nine categories and the order of occurrence are as follows; multi-color is the most frequently shown and followed by brown, gray, blue, black, green, pink, yellow, and red. More various colors appeared over the period, however, multi color was the most popular in all decades but in the 60s. (3) Full length of pants style occupied more than 96% throughout all four decades. Due to the popularity of sports wear in men's fashion during the 90s, the shorts style appeared not only in sports wear and casual wear but also in suit style. (4) There is a significant difference in silhouette of men's pants between decades. The silhouette of men's pants were divided into four types and their order of occurrence are as follows; basic, baggy, fitted, and loose silhouette. Basic silhouette was the most prevailed throughout the whole four decades. (5) A significant difference was shown in the existence or non-existence of turn-up of men's pants between decades. Non-existence of turn-up of men's pants was the most prevailed throughout the whole four decades.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.528-531
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• 2011

A new spray rose cultivar 'Cherry Tea' was bred from a cross between pink spray cultivar 'Pinocchio' and yellow spray cultivar 'Flair' at the National Institute of Horticultural Research Institute. The cross was made in 2003 and 'Cherry Tea' was finally selected in 2008 after evaluating characteristics for three years from 2006 to 2008. 'Cherry Tea', a light orange spray cultivar grows vigorously and has good vase life. The major characteristics of this cultivar are $137stems/m^2/year$ in yield, 68.8 cm in length of cut flower, 5.5 cm in flower diameter, 34.0 in petal number, and 12.4 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Little Marble'.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.534-538
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• 2009

Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) "Okboseok" was released from a cross between "Nanko" and "Yoseibai" in 1993 at the Pear Research Station of National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration. It was preliminarily selected in 2001 and named in 2006. It produces high yield with a flesh about average 88.3% of fruit, although the fruit size is small (approximately 14.0g). Horticultural and physiological harvest time of this cultivar is mid and late June respectively. It has single flowers with pink petal color and its flowering time is about 4 days later than that of "Nanko". Its fruit is tolerant to bacterial shot hole (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni) and pear scab (Venturia nashicola). "Okboseok" has abundant pollen grains (about 96 mg/100 flowers), thus it could be a pollinizer. To obtain stable yields, however, its compatibility with major cultivars is needed to be confirmed as pollinizer cultivar. "Okboseok" is recommended for being preserved in sugar and liquor.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2019

Marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) is useful for selecting an offspring with a highly recovered genetic background for a recurrent parent at early generation to various crops. Moreover, marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) along with marker-assisted selection (MAS) contributes immensely to overcome the main limitation of the conventional breeding and it accelerates recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. In this study, we were employed to incorporate rin gene(s) from the donor parent T13-1084, into the genetic background of HK13-1151, a popular high-yielding tomato elite inbred line that is a pink color fruit, in order to develop a rin HK13-1084 improved line. The recurrent parent genome recovery was analyzed in early generations of backcrossing using SNP markers obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. From the $BC_1F_1$ and $BC_2F_1$ plants, 3,086 and 4868 polymorphic SNP markers were obtained via GBS analysis, respectively. These markers were present in all twelve chromosomes. The background analysis revealed that the extent of RPG recovery ranged from 56.7% to 84.5% and from 87.8% to 97.8% in $BC_1F_1$ and $BC_2F_1$ generations, respectively. In this study, No 5-1 with 97.8% RPG recovery rate among $BC_2F_1$ plants was similar to HK13-1151 strain in the fruit shape. Therefore, the selected plants were fixed in $BC_2F_2$ generation through selfing. MAS allowed identification of the plants that are more similar to the recurrent parent for the loci evaluated in the backcross generations. MABC can greatly reduce breeding time as compared to the conventional backcross breeding. For instance, MABC approach greatly shortened breeding time in tomato.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.498-506
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• 2018

Purpose: Lycopene, a carotenoid with anti-oxidant properties, occurs naturally in tomatoes and pink grapefruit. Although the beneficial effects of lycopene on various disorders have been established, little attention has been paid to the possible anti-diabetic effects of lycopene focusing on ${\beta}$-cells. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of lycopene to protect ${\beta}$-cells against apoptosis induced by a cytokine mixture. Methods: For toxicity experiments, the cells were treated with 0.1 ~ 10 nM of lycopene, and the cell viability in INS-1 cells (a rat ${\beta}$-cell line) was measured using a MTT assay. To induce cytokine toxicity, the cells were treated with a cytokine mixture (20 ng/mL of $TNF{\alpha}$ + 20 ng/mL of IL-$1{\beta}$) for 24 h, and the effects of lycopene (0.1 nM) on the cytokine toxicity were measured using the MTT assay. The expression levels of the apoptotic proteins were analyzed by Western blotting, and the level of intracellular reactive oxidative stress (ROS) was monitored using a DCFDA fluorescent probe. The intracellular ATP levels were determined using a luminescence kit, and mRNA expression of the genes coding for anti-oxidative stress response and mitochondrial function were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Results: Exposure of INS-1 cells to 0.1 nM of lycopene increased the cell viability significantly, and protected the cells from cytokine-induced death. Lycopene upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and reduced the expression of the Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) protein. Lycopene inhibited apoptotic signaling via a reduction of the ROS, and this effect correlated with the upregulation of anti-oxidative stress response genes, such as GCLC, NQO1, and HO-1. Lycopene increased the mRNA expression of mitochondrial function-related genes and increased the cellular ATP level. Conclusion: These results suggest that lycopene reduces the level of oxidative stress and improves the mitochondrial function, contributing to the prevention of cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. Therefore, lycopene could potentially serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

This study was carried out to acquire basic data for a long-term hydroponic culture through investigating water and inorganic ion uptake characteristics at different EC level of nutrient solution of three tomato varieties. Three different tomato varieties, the European type(cv. Daphnis), the Asian type(cv. Super Doterang) and cherry type(cv. Minichal), were used for the investigation. Also, the deep flow technique(DFT) was applied. The three different electrical conductivity(EC) level(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 dS·m-1) of hydroponic nutrient solution were used as variable. At a high EC level of nutrient solution, the leaf area and fresh weight decreased in the early stage, and its growth(plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh-weight) was poor with salt stress. Result showed that the higher the EC level of the nutrient solution, the lesser was water uptake. The water uptake was not significantly different from varieties in the first survey, but In the second survey, the 'Daphnis' did not show a significant decrease in water uptake in the EC level higher than 2.0 dS·m-1., on the other hand, 'Super Doterang' presented very low water uptake. At a low EC level, N, P, and K, were absorbed more than the concentration of the irrigation water, while Ca, Mg, S uptake were low. At a high EC level, almost ions absorbed less than 50% of the initial concentration of irrigation water. Thus, imbalance among ions was severe at low EC level compared to high EC level. 'Daphnis' was a variety that effectively utilize nutrients under nutrient stress, showing high absorption at low concentration condition and low absorption at high concentration condition. However, 'Daphnis' suffered most seriously by absorbing nutrients excessively.