• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2008

자동차 폐촉매로부터 백금족 금속(PGMs)의 회수를 위한 어트리션 스크러빙의 효과를 조사하였다. 자동차 폐촉매를 2mm이하로 분쇄한 후 60분 범위내에서 어트리션 스크러빙하였으며 이를 체가름하였다. 스크러빙을 통해 촉매층은 촉매 지지체 표면으로부터 탈리되어 $45{\mu}m$이하의 미립자로 분리되었다. $45{\mu}m$ 이하 미립자의 양은 스크러빙 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 스크러빙 시간 40분에서 미립자의 유가물 함량은 $CeO_2$ 19.3%, $ZrO_2$ 1.9%, PGMs 419ppm을 나타내었다. 미립자에서 감마 알루미나의 회수율은 스크러빙 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 동시에 $CeO_2$, $ZrO_2$ 및 PGMs의 회수율도 $CeO_2$ 82.9%, $ZrO_2$ 78.7%, PGMs 78.9%로 증가하였다. 시료의 고액비 및 초기 투입 입자 크기가 증가할 때 미립자의 양 및 감마알루미나의 회수율은 증가하였다. 어트리션 스크러빙은 분쇄 및 분리 기술로서 스크러빙 용기내에서 입자들 사이의 충격 및 전단 운동에 의해 코디어라이트 촉매 지지체로부터 감마알루미나의 분리에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.581-587
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• 2003

This study was designed to examine the effect of icroencapsulated iron fortified drink yogurt and vitamin C as a bioavailable helper of iron on chemical and sensory aspects during 20 d storage. Coating material was polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS), and ferric ammonium sulfate and vit C were selected as core materials. The highest efficiency of microencapsulation of iron and vit C were 73% and 95%, respectively, with 5:1:50 ratio (w/w/v) as coating to core material to distilled water. Iron fortification did not affect the fermentation time required for the drink yogurt to reach pH 4.2. The addition of uncapsulated iron decreased the pH during storage. TBA absorbance was significantly lower in capsulated treatments than in uncapsulated treatments during storage. In sensory aspect, the yogurt sample added with uncapsulated iron and vit C, regardless of capsulation, showed a significantly high score of astringency, compared with those of control and other groups. A significantly strong sourness was observed in treatment containing capsulated iron and uncapsulated vitamin C at every time interval. The present study provides evidence that microencapsulation of iron with PGMS is effective for iron fortification in drink yogurt.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the addition of water-soluble isoflavone into milk by means of microencapsulation technique. The yield of microencapsulation, sensory attributes, and capsule stability of water-soluble isoflavone microcapsules in milk were measured. Coating materials used was polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS), and core material was water-soluble isoflavone. The encapsulation yield of water-soluble isoflavone with PGMS was 67.2% when the ratio of coating material to core material was 15 : 1. The rate of water-soluble isoflavone release from capsules was 18, 19, and 25% when stored at 4,20, and $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 days in milk, respectively. In sensory evaluation, beany flavor and color of microencapsuled water-soluble isoflavone added milk were significantly different from uncapsuled water-soluble isoflavone added milk, however, bitterness was not significantly different. In vitro study, micro-capsules of water-soluble isoflavone in simulated gastric fluid with the range of 3 to 6 pHs were released 3.0∼15.0%, however, the capsules in simulated intestinal fluid with pH 7 were released 95.7% for 40 min incubation time. In conclusion, this study provided that PGMS as coating materials was suitable for the microencapsulation of water-soluble isoflavone, and the capsule containing milk was almost not affected with sensory attribute.

• 정보과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2011

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 1993

Recently, some applications require the multicast service that transmit messages to multiple destinations in computer communication network enviroment. Multicast service is to send messages to the group which consists of a number of processes. A multicast group is a collection of processes which are destinations of the transmitted messages and these processes may run on one or more hosts. Therefore, it is important to manage each member of process groups in order to provide efficient multicast services. In this paper, we design and implement group management system to support multicast services. Group Management System was designed with Process Group Management System(PGMS) and Host Group Management System(HGMS). We have implemented basic primitives of PGMS, HGMS. Also, membership tree management algorithm is designed and implemented. Membership tree provides the relation of the members of multicast groups and routing Informations.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

LIX 63 은 6 M의 염산용액에서 백금(IV), 이리듐(IV) 및 로듐(III)에 비해 팔라듐(II)에 대한 선택성이 크다. 또한 염산용액의 농도는 이리듐과 LIX 63간에 일어나는 산화-환원반응에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 상기 4개의 백금족 금속을 함유한 3 M의 염산용액에서 LIX 63에 의한 분리성을 검토하였다. 3 M의 염산용액에서 LIX 63은 오직 팔라듐만을 추출했으며, 6 M의 염산용액에 비해 추출율이 높았다. TBP를 사용하면 팔라듐 추출여액으로부터 백금만을 추출하는 것이 가능하였다. 백금 추출후 $NaClO_3$로 추출여액에 함유된 이리듐을 산화시킨 다음 Aliquat 336를 접촉시키면 이리듐만이 추출되었다. 각각의 용매추출단계에 대해 최적의 탈거조건을 구했다. 본 논문의 공정으로 4개의 백금족 금속을 3 M의 염산용액에서 분리하는 것이 가능하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.596-601
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• 2002

The present study was designed to examine the effect of ozone treatment in microencapsulated ${\beta}$-galactosidase on inactivation of the enzyme and sterilization of microorganism. The efficiency was the highest as 78.4% when the ratio of polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) was 15:1. Activities of lactase remaining outside the capsule were affected by ozone treatment. With the increase of ozone concentration and duration of ozone treatment, the activity reduced significantly. In sensory aspect, with 2% microcapsule addition, no significant difference in sweetness was found compared with a market milk during 12 d storage. Above result indicated that the additional washing process of lactase was not necessary to inactivate the residual enzyme. In a subsequent study, the vegetative cells of microorganisms were completely killed with 10 ppm for 10 min treatment by ozone. The present study provides evidence that ozone treatment can be used as an inactivation and a sterilization process. In addition, these results suggest that acceptable milk products containing lactase microcapsules made by PGMS can be prepared with ozone treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1205-1211
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• 2003

This study was designed to examine the effect of microencapsulated iron-fortified Cheddar cheese and L-ascorbic acid as a bioavailable helper of iron on chemical and sensory aspects. Coating material was PGMS, and ferric ammonium sulfate and Lascorbic acid were selected as core materials. The highest efficiency of microencapsulation of iron and L-ascorbic acid were 72 and 94%, respectively, with 5:1:50 ratio (w/w/v) as coating to core material to distilled water. TBA absorbance was significantly lower in microencapsulated treatments than those in uncapsulated treatments during ripening. The productions of short-chain free fatty acid and neutral volatile compound were not significantly different among treatments during ripening periods. In sensory aspects, bitterness, astrigency and sourness were higher in Cheddar cheese fortified with microencapsulated iron and uncapsulated L-ascorbic acid than others. The present study indicated that fortification of iron as well as L-ascorbic acid did not show any defect problem to Cheddar cheese, and suggested the possibility of iron fortification of Cheddar cheese.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.574-581
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• 2008

폐 자동차 배기가스 정화용 촉매를 휘발성 유기화합물(VOCs) 처리 시스템에 재활용하기 위해 운전조건이 서로 다른 폐 자동차 촉매를 이용하여 촉매의 최적 재생 조건 및 VOCs 연소활성특성을 조사하였다. 폐 촉매의 최적 재생 조건을 찾기 위해 산세기가 서로 다른 5종류(질산($HNO_3$), 황산($H_2SO_4$), 옥살산($C_2H_2O_4$), 구연산($C_6H_8O_7$), 인산($H_3PO_4$))의 산을 이용하여 재생 처리하였으며, 질소 흡착등온선, XRD와 ICP를 이용하여 폐 촉매와 재생 처리한 촉매의 물리화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 폐 자동차 촉매의 피독물질과 백금족 금속(PGMs)의 상대적 함유율은 촉매의 위치에 따라 달랐으며, 주요 피독물질은 윤활유 오일첨가제와 엔진 및 배출가스 파이프에 함유된 물질이었다. 그리고 폐 자동차 촉매는 산수용액 전처리 후 백금족 금속의 상대적 함유율, BET 비표면적 및 평균기공크기가 폐 촉매에 비해 증가하였다. 폐 촉매와 재생 처리한 촉매의 VOCs 연소활성 실험 결과 폐 촉매가 VOCs 처리에 충분히 이용될 수 있다는 가능성을 보여 주었으며, $HNO_3$와 $C_2H_2O_4$ 전처리를 한 촉매의 반응활성이 가장 우수하였다. 그리고 전처리한 촉매의 반응활성은 산처리로 인한 피독 오염물질의 제거율 및 조직 특성 변화 보다는 백금족 금속인 백금(Pt)의 함유율에 더 큰 영향을 받았다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 2014

백금족 귀금속이 함유된 자동차 폐촉매는 경제적 가치 및 귀금속 확보 측면에서 재활용의 중요성이 매우 높은 순환자원 이다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 발생하고 있는 자동차 폐촉매의 재활용과 관련된 정책수립 및 기술개발의 효율적 추진을 위하여 자동차 폐촉매 발생량, 유통현황, 재활용 기술 및 재활용 산업 현황을 조사하였다. 자동차 폐촉매 발생량은 자동차 등록 및 폐차 통계와 신차(新車)에 대한 촉매 장착 이력 등을 분석하여 추정하였다. 재활용 기술 및 산업 현황은 국내 최대 자동차 폐촉매 재활용 기업인 (주)희성피엠텍의 재활용 공정 및 현황을 중심으로 조사하였다. 더불어 자동차 폐촉매 재활용 산업의 활성화를 위한 제도적 개선 방안도 제시하였다.