• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2009

본 연구는 streptozotocin (STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발한 실험쥐에 대한 Psidium guajava L. 잎(Pg), Lagerstroemia speciosa L. 잎(Ls) 추출물 그리고 혼합물 A (Pg, Ls, Morus indica L. 잎 추출물, Pinus densiflora needles 추출물, Acanthopanax senticosus M. roots 추출물)의 효과를 조사하였다. 4주간 streptozotocin (STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발한 실험쥐에 이들 추출물을 섭취시킨 결과 Pg, Ls 그리고 혼합물 A의 섭취는 당뇨 대조군에 비해 혈당을 각각 20%, 14% 그리고 24% 감소시켰다. 또한 이들 추출물의 섭취는 총 콜레스트롤, 중성지방, 유리지방산을 감소시켰고 인슐린과 HDL-콜레스트롤을 효과적으로 증가시켰다. 결론적으로 혼합물 A는 Pg와 Ls 추출물에 비해 혈당 및 지질 감소, 인슐린 증가 효과 그리고 기능적으로 손상된 베타세포의 회복이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 혼합물 A는 개별적으로 사용한 Pg와 Ls 추출물에 비해 더욱 유익한 상승효과를 발휘하는 것으로 증명되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.669-676
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• 1995

연구배경: 결핵균의 제거에는 세포성 면역이 필요하며, Prostaglandin(PG) 특히 PG $E_2$가 세포성 면역억제에 관여 한다고 알려져있다. Indomethacin은 체내에 증가된 PG $E_2$를 억제시킨다고 한다. 이에 항결핵 화학요법으로 치유가 불기능한 난치 폐결핵 환자들에게 Indomethacin을 면역조절제로서의 적용 기초로 삼고자 투베르쿨린 피부 검사와 혈장 PG $E_2$치를 측정 하였다. 방법: 객담 항산성 도말검사에 양성인 폐결핵 환자 48명을 대상으로 하여 결핵 치료 과거력(초치료와 난치), 흉부 정면 방사선사진(경증과 중증)과 투베르쿨린 피부검사(음성과 양성)로 6군으로 분류하였다. 이 6군 중 1군(2명; 경증, 투베르쿨린 피부검사 음성반응)을 제외하고 방사선 면역방법으로 혈장 PG $E_2$치를 측정하였다. 결과: 1) 초치료 환자의 혈장 PG $E_2$치는 경증과 중증, 투베르쿨린 피부검사의 음성과 양성에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2) 난치 환자의 혈장 PG $E_2$치는 투베르쿨린 피부검사의 음성과 양성에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 초지료 환자군과 난치 환자군의 혈장 PG $E_2$치를 비교하였을때 난치 환자군에서 통계학적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 4) 투베르쿨린 피부검사의 음성과 양성에 따른 혈장 PG $E_2$치의 유이한 차이는 없었다. 5) 남자와 여자에 따론 혈장 PG $E_2$치의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 6) 10대, 20대, 30대, 40대에 따른 혈장 PG $E_2$치의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 7) 투베르쿨린 피부 검사 경결의 크기와 혈장 PG $E_2$치 간의 상관관계는 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로서 난치 환자들의 혈장 PG $E_2$치가 저지들의 예상과는 달리 초치료 환자보다 높지 않았고 병소의 크기, 투베르쿨린 피부검사 경결의 크기와 혈장 PG $E_2$치간 관련이 없었기에 난치 환자들에게 Indomethacin을 면역조절제로 적용하는것에 대한 더 광범위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a well-known natural product with anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects. We evaluated the antifatigue effect of KRG in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Eighty patients with NAFLD were prospectively randomized to receive 3 wk of KRG or placebo in addition to counseling on healthy eating and regular exercise. Liver function test, proinflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, antioxidant activity, and fatigue score were measured and compared according to the body mass index between the KRG and placebo groups. Results: The liver function tests were significantly improved after 3 wk of treatment in both groups. The mean levels (at baseline and after treatment) of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ were $108.0pg/mL{\pm}54.8pg/mL$ and $92.7pg/mL{\pm}39.0pg/mL$ (p = 0.018) in the KRG group and $123.1pg/mL{\pm}42.1pg/mL$ and $127.5pg/mL{\pm}62.2pg/mL$ (p = 0.694) in the placebo group, respectively. There was a significant difference in change of adiponectin levels between the KRG ($7,751.2pg/mL{\pm}3,108.1pg/mL$ and $8,197.3pg/mL{\pm}2,714.5pg/mL$) and placebo groups ($7,711.6pg/mL{\pm}3,041.3pg/mL$ and $7,286.1pg/mL{\pm}5,188.7pg/mL$, p = 0.027). In patients with overweight, the fatigue score was significantly decreased in the KRG group ($35.0{\pm}13.2$ and $24.5{\pm}8.9$, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our results show that KRG might be effective in reducing proinflammatory cytokine and fatigue in overweight patients with NAFLD, in addition to improvements in adiponectin levels.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.504-509
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• 2001

우리 나라 사람들의 체지방 조직과 초유중에서, 다이옥신의 잔류 농도를 HRGC/HRMS를 이용하여 동위원소희석법으로 측정하였다. 체지방 조직 시료는 서울에 있는 모병원에서 채취하였으며, 체지방 조직에서의 PCDFs의 총농도와 TEQ 농도는 각각 5.812 pg/g, 1.485 pgTEQ/g 이었고, PCDDs의 총농도와 TEQ 농도는 각각 26.648 pg/g, 1.176 pgTEQ/g 이었다. 서울대학 병원으로부터 받은 산모 20명의 초유에 함유된 다이옥신의 잔류농도는 PCDFs의 총 농도가 7.019 pg/mL, TEQ 농도로 환산하면 0.177 pgTEQ/mL 이었고, PCDDs의 총 농도와 TEQ 농도는 각각 14.224 pg/mL, 0.693 pgTEQ/mL이었다. 체지방 조직과 모유에서의 다이옥신 이성질체들의 분포는 PCDDs가 PCDFs보다 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 그중 OCDD가 가장 높은 농도로 포함되어 있다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

The application of the knowledge from the Human Genome Project to clinical medicine will be through both industrial drug development and the application of pharmacogenomics (PG) to patient care. The slow uptake of clinical innovations into clinical practice can be frustrating, but understanding the history of acceptance and sustaining medical innovation is critically important to position PG to succeed. This primarily means that PG tests must have legitimacy; they must be thoroughly validated, must be cost-effective, must be widely accepted by medical practitioners, must be supported by public policy, and must have a way of being easily incorporated into current medical practice. They must also lead to actionalble decisions by health care providers for their patients. Innovative PG assays should be tested in the best US laboratories, and reimbursement for testing must be accepted at the federal and state level. The companies providing these PG tests should be capable of sup-porting the interpretation and use of the test throughout medical practice. Advances such as the addition of PG information to drug labeling and the routine use of validated biomarkers to determine choice of cancer chemotherapy have been made. The PG research community must pay attention to the principles that have been previously described for acceptance and sustaining medical innovations in order for PG to be widely accepted in clinical medical practice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1192-1200
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• 2006

An apple polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), which specifically inhibits endopolygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15) from Botryosphaeria dothidea, was purified from Botryosphaeria dothidea-infected apple (Malus domestica cv. Fuji) fruits. The purified apple PGIP had a molecular mass of 40 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein showed high homologies to those of PGIP from pear (100%), tomato (70%), and bean (65%). We also purified polygalacturonase (PG) from B. dothidea. The PG hydrolyzes pectic components of plant cell walls. When the extracted apple pectic cell wall material was treated with purified apple PGIP and B. dothidea PG, the amount of uronic acid released was lower than that treated with B. dothidea PG alone. This result demonstrates that PGIP functions specifically by inhibiting cell wall maceration of B. dothidea PG Furthermore, we characterized the de novo function of the PGIP against PG on the solubilization and depolymerization of polyuronides from cell wall of apple fruits inoculated with B. dothidea. This result demonstrated that the PGIP of plants exhibits one of the direct defense mechanisms against pathogen attack by inhibiting PGs that are released from pathogens for hydrolysis of cell wall components of plants.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2005

기존의 부브노프-갤러킨 자연요소법(BG-NEM)에서 발생하는 수치적분의 부정확성을 페트로프-갤러킨 자연요소법(PG-NEM)에서 완벽히 해결할 수 있음을 저자들의 이전 논문에서 확인하였다. 본 논문에서는 PG-NEM을 확장하여 2차원 기하학적 비선형 문제를 다룬다. 해석을 위해 선형화된 토탈 라그랑지 정식화를 도입하고 PG-NEM을 적용하여 근사화한다. 각 하중 단계마다 절점은 새로운 위치로 갱신되며, 재분포된 절점을 바탕으로 형상함수를 새롭게 구성한다. 이러한 과정은 PG-NEM이 더 정확하고 안정적인 근사함수를 제공하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 개발된 포트란 시험 프로그램을 이용하여 대표적인 수치 예제를 수행하였으며, 수치결과로부터 PG-NEM이 효율적이고 정확하게 대변형 문제를 근사화하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1324-1329
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the transformed Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 (T-Pg4) harboring the ${\beta}$-glucanase gene as a poultry probiotic. The probiotic properties of the T-Pg4 strain were evaluated in vitro by their adherence capability and acid and bile salt tolerance, and were evaluated in vivo by their survival and adhesion in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The results showed that the T-Pg4 strain exhibited resistance to acidic conditions and contact with bile salt, and adhered efficiently to the crop and intestinal epithelial cells of chickens in vitro. The T-Pg4 strain also could survive and colonize the gastrointestinal epithelium of the experimental SPF chickens in vivo. In addition, radial enzyme diffusion was used to demonstrate that the Lactobacillus spp. randomly isolated from the GIT of the SPF chickens fed T-Pg4 possessed ${\beta}$-glucanase secretion capability. These findings have demonstrated that the transformed L. reuteri Pg4 survives transit through the stomach and intestine, and may secrete ${\beta}$-glucanase in the chicken GIT. Therefore, it is suggested that this organism could be used as a multifunctional poultry probiotic.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.591-596
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• 2009

To trace the plasticizing effects of propylene glycol (PG) on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), the rheological properties of PVA solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and the physical properties of PVA films were discussed in terms of PG content. Both properties were closely related to the hydrogen bond breaking effects of PG The 6 and 12 wt% PVA solutions containing PG exhibited Bingham behavior, which was more noticeable at lower plasticizer content and higher polymer concentration. The 6 wt% PVA solutions containing more than 30 wt% PG showed a sudden decrease of viscosity over the frequency range of 0.08 and 0.2 rad/s. However, the 12 wt% PYA solutions showed no viscosity reduction even at a PG content up to 40 wt%. The glass transition temperature of the PVA/PG films was almost linearly decreased with increasing PG content but an abrupt reduction was observed at a plasticizer content 30 wt%, suggesting that the hydrogen bond breaking effects of PG on PVA became dominant between 20 and 30 wt%. This effect was further supported by the similar tendency of the tensile properties.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.225-231
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• 2023

Cold stress is one of the most vulnerable environmental stresses that affect plant growth and crop yields. With the recent advancements in genetic approaches using Arabidopsis and other model systems, genes involved in cold-stress response have been identified and the key cold signaling factors have been characterized. Exposure to low-temperature stress triggers the activation of a set of genes known as cold regulatory (COR) genes. This activation process plays a crucial role in enhancing the resistance of plants to cold and freezing stress. The inducer of the C-repeatbinding factor (CBF) expression 1-CBF module (ICE1-CBF module) is a key cold signaling pathway regulator that enhances the expression of downstream COR genes; however, this signaling module in Panax ginseng remains elusive. Here, we identified cold-signaling-related genes, PgCBF1, PgCBF3, and PgICE1 and conducted functional genomic analysis with a heterologous system. We confirmed that the overexpression of cold- PgCBF3 in the cbf1/2/3 triple Arabidopsis mutant compensated for the cold stress-induced deficiency of COR15A and salt-stress tolerance. In addition, nuclearlocalized PgICE1 has evolutionarily conserved phosphorylation sites that are modulated by brassinsteroid insensitive 2 (PgBIN2) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 3 (PgSnRK3), with which it physically interacted in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Overall, our data reveal that the regulators identified in our study, PgICE1 and PgCBFs, are evolutionarily conserved in the P. ginseng genome and are functionally involved in cold and abiotic stress responses.