• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2014

Purpose With the recent rise of social issue regarding radiation exposure, attention to medical radiation use has been placed under a great spotlight. During PET-CT examination, generally about 40% more of $^{18}F$-FDG is used than EANM recommendation. While maintaining the diagnostic test result, we hope to find optimal injection dose to minimize the $^{18}F$-FDG in patients by utilizing the latest PET-CT scanner which is equiped with the newest technology. Materials and Methods During this experiment, the Biograph Truepoint 40 (siemens, USA) installed in 2007 and mCT 64 (siemens, USA) installed in 2011 were used and evaluated NECR (noise-equivalent counting rate) by using a scatter phantom. For the image quality evaluation of each scanner, we injected 3.7, 4.44 and 5.18 MBq/kg of $^{18}F$-FDG in NEMA IEC Body Phantom and also evaluated SNR between two scanners by using the data acquired at 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 sec per bed. For the clinical evaluation, actual data of patients who were injected $^{18}F$-FDG 3.7, 4.44, 5.18 MBq/kg were used to compare SNR and draw a final result. Results As a result, mCT 64 peak NECR value was 1.65e+005, which is 10% higher than Turepoint 40. SNR values using the IEC body phantom was 17.9%, 17.4% and 17.1% higher in $^{18}F$-FDG 3.7 MBq/kg, 4.44 MBq/kg and 5.18 MBq/kg. In clinical patients, SNR values of the image mCT 64 was 16.5, which is 25% higher than Turepoint 40 scanner. Conclusion To draw a conclusion from the test result of this experiment, the same quality of SNR could be attained even with 10% reduced injection dose, if when the duration is extended by 10 sec/bed. This optimal result was possible due to enhanced equipment. The NECR (one of the equipment's performance assessment criteria for the scanner) increased by 10% and the SNR (one of the image quality assessment criteria) also increased by 17.5%. Therefore, we can expect to reduce the injection dose without deterioration of image quality. In consequence, it will also help to decrease the patient's anxiety of the radiation exposure.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.624-630
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• 2010

In order to investigate the effects of continual pre-plant application of liquid pig manure (LPM) on growth and quality of rice in double cropping system of rice and malting barley, the liquid pig manure was applied after harvesting rice and malting barley for 3 years. Field experiment was designed with non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (CF) 100% recommended by soil testing, rice (LPM 50%+CF 50%)+malting barley (CF 100%), rice (LPM 50%+CF 50%)+malting barley (LPM 50%+CF 50%), rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) and rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%). The yield of rice was increased by 13% with increasing culm length and No. of panicle per hill as 482 kg $10a^{-1}$ in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot compare with 427 kg $10a^{-1}$ in rice (CF 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) plot. Whereas, lodging index was high in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot by increasing of internodes length from 3rd to 4th and decreasing of breaking strength. When the quality of milled rice was compare with rice (CF 100%)+malting barley (CF 100%) plot, it was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing of rate of perfect grain in rice (LPM 100%)+malting barley (LPM 100%) plot. The content of amylose was not significant by 19.4~22.0%. Toyo-taste value was not different in LPM 100% and CF 100% plot. Rice could be grown with only liquid pig manure 100%, but considering yield and quality of rice and lodging risk, basal fertilization by LPM 50% and top-dressing by CF 50% application was recommended for rice cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 1984

Effects of major phenolic acids identified from barley residues (straw, root) on the germination of rice and 3 paddy weeds such as Echinochloa crusgalli, Cyperus serotinus, and Potamogeton distintus were evaluated to obtain the basic informations on the development of naturally occurring herbicides. The predominant phenolic compounds extracted from barley residues in both straw and root were identified as p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic, vanillic, and salicylic acids by means of paper chromatography. Total phenol content of barley straw and root at the harvesting stage was 0.169% and 0.127% per dry weight, respectively. During the decomposing process, total phenol content slightly increased and then decreased. The germination of test plants was inhibited by treatments of 4 major authentic phenolic acids identified, most significantly on rice, and less on E. crusgalli, and C. serotinus. P. distintus, however, was markedly stimulated by them as the concentration increased, and then sprouted buds of pondweeds were changed to dark brownish color, resulting in the death as the treatment prolonged. The greater inhibitory effect appeared on shoot growth rather than germination. The aqueous extracts of barley residues showed the similar inhibitory effect on the germination and shoot growth of rice and three paddy weeds as the treatments of 4 authentic phenolic acids.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 1993

This study was conducted to select thin-shelled and high-yielding lines in job's-tears. Two breeding lines of Suwon 3 and Suwon 6 were selected from the local collections. These two lines were tested and investigated on their characteristics under the field condition. The heading date of Suwon 3 and Suwon 6 was later one or two days, but the maturity date was one or two days earlier than that of check variety Kim-jejong, respectively. The number of grains per hill of Suwon 3, Suwon 6 was 50%, 49% greater and the milling rate was 3.8%, 5.6% higher than that of check variety, respectively. Althought 1000 grain weight of Suwon 3 and Suwon 6 was 20g lighter and the rate of ripeness was 6%, 12% lower, the raw grain yield was 22%, 20% higher than that of check variety, respectively. The thickness of seed coat of Suwon 3 and Suwon 6 was thiner and the hardness of seed coat was lower than that of check variety, therefore the milling time was decreased 12%, 7% compare to check variety, respectively. The crude protein contents of Suwon 3 and Suwon 6 was slightly higher and the amino acid composition of Suwon 6 was similar to Kimjejong, but Suwon 3 was lower than that of check variety.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.483-489
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• 2004

Monthly changes of underground growth and ethanol extract content was investigated from April to September in Korean ginseng of 4, 5 and 6 year-old. Taproot's length was repeatedly reduced and recovered without increasing by growth duration, while it's diameter was gradually increased until September of harvest time. Top weight reached to the peak on July, and decreased gradually until harvest time. Root weight of 4, 5 and 6-year-old ginseng was decreased on May, but increased gradually until harvest time except 6-year-old ginseng decreased after July. Relative growth rate (RGR) of root per plant was low on May and August, but high on June, July, and September in 4, 5 and 6 year-old ginseng. RGR of 4 and 5-year-old ginseng in each lateral and fine root showed distinct changes by month, while those showed little seasonal changes in 6 year-old ginseng. Ratio of root above 60g on september was 23%, 60% and 69%, respectively, among 4, 5 and 6 year-old ginseng. Moisture content of root was gradually decreased until september without significant difference from July to september in 4, 5 and 6 year-old ginseng, and its descending order on september was 4, 5 and 6 year-old ginseng. Hardness of taproot was decreased on May, but increased until september in 4 and 5 year-old ginseng, while that of 6 year-old ginseng was gradually decreased from August to september. Extract content of 4, 5 and 6 year-old ginseng in taproot and lateral root was distinctly decreased from March to June, but gradually increased until September. Although extract content of March and May in 4 year-old ginseng on showed higher than that of 5 and 6 year-old ginseng, it of September didn't show significant difference among 4, 5 and 6 year-old ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.334-343
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• 1997

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of dietary calcium-salt, estrogen-treatment, and estrogen/calcium treatment on bone metabolism. Ovariectomized rats were used as an animal model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of $250{\sim}280g$ underwent ovariectomy or sham-operation. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 9 different experimental groups including saline-treated group, estrogen-treated group, high calcium salt-treated group, and estrogen/calcium treated groups, and fed the experimental diet for 6 weeks. The mineral content, weight, length, strength and density in femur and scapula of the animals were determined. The results of the experiment are as follows: there were no difference in weight of wet bone, density, length, strength and content of ash in right femur between ovariectomized rat and sham-operation. When the weight of bones was expressed as bone gram per body weight, it was significantly lower in ovariectomized rat than sham-operation. Estrogen and estrogen/calcium in ovariectomized rats resulted in increased weight of wet bone. Estrogen with its gradual reduction in ovariectomized rats showed the lowest values in strength, content of ash, content of calcium and content of phosphorus among the groups. There were no differences in weight of wet hone, density, content of ash, content of calcium and content of phosphorus in right scapula between ovariectomized rat and sham-operation. In addition skeletal composition was not changed by ovariectomy. Estrogen and estrogen/calcium in ovariectomized rats resulted in decreased skeletal composition however, estrogen with its gradual reduction did not caused the skeletal composition change. Moreover, the gradual reduction of estrogen had a preventive effect on bone loss when the treatment was combined with calcium intensification.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1992

The purpose of this thesis is to provide the framework of the health education curriculum on a school level which should be accomplishe in futrue and farthermore to establish the health education as a independent and regular course. The relation among the status in quo and the satisfaction degree of health education, the degree of the knowledge about health, the degree of the understanding of the health education and the degree of requirement for the health education curriculum has been analyzed in this paper. The research has been carried out through the questionnaire forms distributed to the girl students and the instructors at a few general senior high school and vocational senior high schools in Seoul, and the consequences are as follows : 1. As to the degree of understanding of the health education, it has been indicated that the health education should be performed one or two hours a week from the elementary school for all the boy and girl students by the experts trained in the departments concerned with health. 2. Concerning the degree of requirement for health education curriculum, the high school girl students have shown the need for first aid, sex education, environmental health, drinking, smoking, drug abuse, maternal and child health, industrial health, safety health, mental health, growth & development, epidemiology, the old health in the order named. On the other hand, the instructors have shown the need for drinking, smoking, drug abuse, sex education, maternal and child health, public health and industrial health also in the order named. The items having low degree of requirement are biostatistics, community health and health administration in case of the gril students and biostatistics, health administration and health economics in case of the instructors. 3. The status in quo and the satisfaction degree of the health education has proved higher in senior high school curriculums than in junior high school curriculums, and the most instructive course about health has turned out to be gymnastics in junior high school and the training course in senior high school respectively. 4. As to the degree of understanding of the health education in case of the girl students, the significance has been found between the health condition and the time for performing the health education, the monthly income and the objects for the health education, and the school records and the school hours per week. The significance has been shown only in regard to the school records in case of the degree of requriement for the health education curriculum. 5. The degree of requirement for the health education in case of the instructors has shown the significance between the teching career and the need for the health education. In addition, the degree of requirement for the health education curriculum has indicated significance with regard to sex and age. 6. The degress of the understanding of the health education according to the degree of knowledge about health and the degree of requirement for the health educatio curriculum have been all turned out to be statistically significant. 8. Among the factors which have an influence on the degree of the understanding of the health education, the recognition of the relation between the health course and the training course has significatly influenced the selection of the health education instructors. In additon, the understanding of the need for the health eduation has significantly influenced the objects for the instructors and the school hours, and the understanding of the need for establishing the health education course has significatly influenced the time for performing the health education.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to select and organize educational contents needed to achieve systematic education of Invention intellectual property in secondary vocational education and ultimately to provide basic data for development of national-level curriculum. For this, the study, based on literature research, selected and organized educational contents of Invention intellectual property and learning elements in secondary vocational education, which served as the first draft. Then, the study verified its validity through experts' meeting and prepared its final draft. The experts' meeting comprized three teachers engaged in education of Invention intellectual property, two researchers (including a professor) and one person in charge of intellectual property. This study had following findings. First, the first draft of selection and organization of educational contents of Invention intellectual property in secondary vocational education as per the literature research suggested nine subject and 39 educational contents. The result of validity analysis for the suggested first draft turned out to be generally valid at 4.4 on average. Opinions modified and added by the experts' meeting were 30 in total with 5 altered, 20 modified and 5 added. Second, the result of validity analysis of learning elements in educational contents by the subject turned out to be generally valid. Average validity by the subject was revealed as Basics of invention 4.4, General invention/patent 4.5, Invention & problem solving 4.3, General intellectual property 4.5, Invention & design 4.6, Particulars of patents 4.4, Patent drawings 4.5, Patent & own business 4.5. Third, the final draft of educational contents of Invention intellectual property in secondary vocational education selected and organized eight subjects and 40 educational contents. The finally-suggested subjects included Basics of invention, General invention/patent, Invention & problem solving, General intellectual property, Invention & design, Particulars of patents, Patent information, Patent & own business.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2013

This study was undertaken to assess dietary crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) concentrations for growth performance and carcass characteristics in Korean native ducks. In a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement, 1-d-old Korean native male ducks were allotted to 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets contained 23 or 21% CP with 1.31/1.09, 1.21/1.00, 1.11/0.91 and 1.11/0.91, 1.02/0.83, 0.92/0.75 AA (Lysine/Total sulfur amino acid, Lysine/TSAA), respectively, from 0 to 3 wk of age. From 4 to 8 wk of age, experimental diets had 19 or 17% of diet; each contained 1.00/0.79, 0.94/0.75, 0.88/0.71 and 0.88/0.71, 0.82/0.67, 0.76/0.63 AA (Lysine/TSAA), respectively. Each dietary treatment has 6 replicates and feed and water were provided ad libitum. Body weight (BW), feed intake and uniformity were measured at 3 wk and 8 wk and carcass characteristics were evaluated at 8 wk of age. As CP increased from 21 to 23%, the BW and BW gain significantly increased (P<0.05) during 0 to 3 wk of age. From 4 to 8 wk of age, BW, feed intake, BW gain, feed conversion rations (FCR) and uniformity were not different (P>0.05) between treatments. Carcass yield and relative weights of liver, spleen, right breast and leg per 100 of BW were not different (P>0.05) between treatments. The meat color, shear force value, cooking loss and pH were not affected by dietary treatments (P<0.05). Korean native ducks require relatively low levels of dietary CP and AA for late growth and carcass yield due to low daily weight gain. This suggests the possible differences in CP and AA needs between Korean native ducks and commercial breeds from foreign breeding companies, especially late growth stage.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

Since measuring the size of kidney with sonography becomes an important index for diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic prediction in kidney disease, the accurate measurement and evaluation on this are clinically very important. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to increase reproducibility and objectivity in measuring the size of kidney by enumerating factors that have an impact for measurement. It targeted 44 adults in Korea at the age of 21-27. It measured in order for both kidneys to be seen most largely while changing a subject-examiner's position in a state of fasting for 8 hours and a transducer's approaching direction. It compared a size of kidney by measuring, respectively, with the same method in 30 minutes and in 1 hour after drinking water in 700-1,000cc. In case of the lateral approach scan in decubitus position, the average length of the kidney both to the right and the left and the deviation of measurement to be the largest. In NPO(None Per Oral) state, the average length in the right kidney was 10.19cm, and the average length in the left kidney was 10.33cm. In 60 minutes after taking moisture, the average length in the right kidney was 10.94cm, and the average length in the left kidney was 11.13cm. In comparing the average length of the kidney in NPO state and its average length in 60 minutes after taking moisture, the size swelled by 7.3% for the length in the right kidney and by 7.7% in the left, thereby having been indicated to be statistically significant(P<0.003). The measurement in a size of kidney by using ultrasound may be measured differently depending on a patient's state of taking moisture and a transducer's approaching direction. It is thought that when the measurement in a size of kidney is especially important clinically, the intake and intake time in moisture need to be considered and that measuring with the posterior approach in prone position is a good method aiming to increase reproducibility in measuring length of the kidney.