• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.5 no.2 s.6
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• pp.3-14
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• 1996

The chemicals are PEG $\#4000$ and sucrose, which have been conventionally used for the treatment of waterlogged wood. The present investigation was undertaken in order to reveal difference of the impregnation between the chemicals, but also to contribute to the explanation of the chemicals penetration process and distribution within wood structure. Comparable observation concerning the deposits shapes of chemicals after treatment, PEG4000 penetrated samples were occurred at the cell wall shrinkage and cracks, whereas the majority of the cells and lumens were entirely filled with a crystalline structure. Sucrose penetrated samples remained almost like sound wood, although the penetration ristricted only the cell walls was filled by amorphous structure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the dimensional stability of bentwoods by three treatments: steaming, urethane varnish coating, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. Bentwood processing employed a bending-jig with only 4 cm radius of curvature (ROC). The used species were bitter wood (Picrasma quassioides), painted maple (Acer mono), and birch (Betula schmidtiii). The bending properties of these are well-known in bentwood production (Jung et al., 2002). The bentwoods were treated repeated at room temperature [20℃, RH 80% (12 hours) and 40℃ under RH 10% (12 hours)]. To estimate the dimensional stability of bentwoods, we measured the radius of curvature and end-distance. The best results could be attained with PEG treatment. Steaming was the worst treatment. Comparing the properties of the different species, the dimensional stability of bitter wood was excellent. It was concluded that the steaming treatment was unsuitable for dimensional stability of bentwoods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.992-1001
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• 1996

The binding of polyethylene glycol (PEG, average molecular weight 600) to cotton fabrics was achieved by using pad-dry-cure process in the presence of citric acid, MgCl3·6H3O, DMDHEU, and TEAHCL. Treated fabrics were dyed with direct, acid, and basic dye. Wrinkle recovery angles, durable press rate, wettability, dyeability and color fastness to washing of all treated cottons were evaluated. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The wrinkle resistance of the PEG treated cottons was increased by increasing PEG and DMDHEU concentration. 2. The wettability of the PEG treated cottons was decreased by increasing PEG and DMDHEU concentration, increased by increasing TEAHCL concentration. 3. PEG/DMDHEU/TEAHCL treated cottons had greater affinity on direct, acid, and basic dye than untreated cottons, and dyeability of the modified cottons was improved compare to untreated fabrics. 4. Color fastness to washing of the PEG/DMDHEU/TEAHCL treated cottons was good except for the wash fastness of the direct dye.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.115-130
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• 2004

Plant-based cultural assets using straw and grass as household goods of our people's have been used as indispensable tools for practical living for a very long time. However, only a limited number of artifacts were unearthed so far due to tile fragility of the material. For this reason, research on plant-based cultural properties had close to no progress, and the appropriateness of the PEG method, high-grade alcohol method, alcohol--ether-resin method, and Paraloid B-72 used in preserving plant-based cultural properties has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study examined the weight change rate by applying the methods of Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying used mostly as a earth-layer hardening material among PEG and acrylic resin, which are applied widely for preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, as a means to preserve plant-based cultural properties along with the examination of the subject material, and an experiment was also performed on moisture absorption. The findings as a result were, first, the plant-based material being studied was found to be Typha (Typha orientalis Presl). Secondly, the weight change experiment applying $PEG\#400$ and $PEG\#4000$ confirmed a steady increase of weight if PEG -2Step is used for treatment. Third, in preserving all subject materials with soil, treatment with $PEG\#4000$, Primal MC-76, and vacuum freeze-drying showed that tile vacuum freeze-drying method resulted in the largest or $20\%$ reduction in weight, while Primal MC-76 resulted in $18\%$ and $PEG\#4000$ in $8\%$ of weight reduction. It was concluded that, considering the stability of soil measurement, this came to be because resin permeation was carried out along with tile drying process. Fourth, the weight changes were found to be around $10\%$ in various humidity conditions after the preservation treatment. The greatest weight change rate was seen in the case of $PEG\#4000$, particularly having chemicals gush out in a high humidity (RH $84\%$ or higher) environment. In the case of Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying methods, $6\~8\%$ weight changes were detected, and the lowest weight change was found in the case of the vacuum freeze-drying method. Fifth, as for color changes after treatment, blackening occurred most strongly with $PEG\#4000$, while Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying manifested colors closest to dry straw or grass. However, the texture of straw was not very evident in the case of Primal MC-76, due to a glossy surface, but vacuum freeze-drying was found to offer tile best result in terms of texture. Putting together the results of the above experiments, vacuum freeze-drying presented after being treated with PEG2-Step the most stabilized changes in weight, while it offered the smallest change in color as well.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.114-119
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• 2016

In this study, we tried to add the conductivity to natural polymer like bacterial cellulose (BC) coated with the conductive polymer PEDOT:PEG, graphene and silver nano-wire (AgNW). Sulfuric acid of 10 to 20% was previously mixed with PEDOT:PEG and then the solution was electron spin-coated on the BC membrane. And then, additive coating with graphene and AgNW were done to improve conductivity, which was examined by hall effect. As the result, we confirmed a considerable improvement of conductivity compared to BC-coated film without sulfuric acid treatment as $2.487{\times}10^{10}$ vs $8.093{\times}10^{15}$ ($1/cm^3$), showing higher electron density with $3.25{\times}10^5$ times. Also, we identified that changed particle type to the polymer type by sulfuric acid using SEM analysis. For FT-IR analysis, it was confirmed that S-O radical ($1200cm^{-1}$) increased in the sulfuric acid treatment than non-treated sulfuric acid. As the method used very small amount of PEDOT:PEG, its transparency could be kept, and pre-treatment process of sulfuric acid will be able to simplify the production process.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the variability of seed germination, and seedling growth of PEG priming barley. The average germination percentage(AGP) of PEG priming seed was higher than control, but those were low with extend the treatment period. The AGP of washing seed after PEG priming was higher than unwashed seed, and that of redried seed after priming was lower than control. The germination time of priming seed was short compare to control seed, and that was prolonged with extend the priming period, and that of washing seed after priming was shortening, and that of redried seed after priming was prolonging. The emergence percentage(EP) of priming seed was higher than control, and the emergence time was shortest in 50％ field moisture capacity soil. The seedling and root length of priming seed was shorter than control.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.270-275
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• 2009

Polyethylene glycol-conjugated hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) has been proposed as a blood substitute for transfusion due to their plasma expansion and oxygen transport capabilities. The protective effect of PEG-Hb on cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury was investigated in neonatal hypoxia model and adult rat focal cerebral ischemia model. As intravenously administered 30 min before the onset of hypoxia, PEG-Hb markedly protected cerebral hypoxic injury in a neonatal rat hypoxia model. A similar treatment of PEG-Hb largely reduced the ischemic injury ensuing after 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 22-h reperfusion. Consistently, neurological disorder was significantly improved by PEG-Hb. The results indicate that the pharmacological blockade of cerebral ischemic injury by using PEG-Hb may provide a useful strategy for the treatment of cerebral stroke.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

Aging is a physiological and irreversible, progressive process involving changes in the ability to maintain cellular functionality. It affects tissues, organs and the whole organism and thus finally cause to death. Oxidative stress has been postulated to contribute significantly to the accelerated accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in collagen, which is implicated in the process of skin aging. In the present study, glycation inhibitory activity of methoxy PEG-45 thioctate (LA-PEG), and its inhibitory effect of cellular oxidation and senescence was investigated. Treatment of LA-PEG significantly showed lower fluorescent intensity induced by AGEs. In addition, LA-PEG was significantly reduced the formation of ROS induced by AGEs. High antioxidant and anti-glycation activities of LA-PEG in glycated collagen model indicated its contribution to anti-aging process. Cellular senescence leads to an increase in senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase ($SA-{\beta}-gal$) activity, which can be used as a biomarker to identify senescent cells. Treatment with LA-PEG showed a dose-dependent, statistically significant decreased in $SA-{\beta}-gal$ indicating reduced senescence. These results suggest that LA-PEG may have potent anti-aging effects and can be used as new functional materials against cellular accumulation of AGEs.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.379-392
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• 2015

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by blending 12 wt.% of PVC in N, N-dimethylacetimide (DMAc) with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) as an additive. The influence of PEG400 concentration on the PVC membrane morphology, permeability, fouling and rejection were investigated. Fouling and rejection of the PVC membrane were characterized by dextran T-100 filtration. The results showed that membrane water flux was increased up to $682Lm^{-2}h^{-1}$ when 28 wt.% of PEG400 was added into the PVC membrane solution. The best membrane performance with a low fouling and a high selectivity was achieved by adding 12 wt.% concentration of PEG400, which resulted in 90% rejection of dextran and 90% of flux recovery ratio. At further addition of PEG400 concentration, irreversible fouling was starting to increase. A 90% of irreversible fouling was formed in the PVC membrane when more than 22 wt.% of PEG400 is added.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.2-8
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the reasonable condition for better dimensional stability in woods by polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment. Eight species grown in Kangwon-do were used for this study. Three species of softwoods(Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Larix kaempferi) and two species of hardwoods(Prunus sargentii, Populus tomentiglandulosa) treated with 30% aqueous solution of PEG 1000 showed good dimensional stability under the treatment for 1 day. The dimensional stability of Betula davurica, Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis woods increased with increasing treatment time. From the above results, it was concluded that PEG penetration and dimensional stability were affected by characteristics of wood species such as density and structure.