• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2017

Polyoxometal molybdophosphoric acid (MoPA) bonded polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite membrane for water electrolysis has been investigated. The composited membrane, covalently cross linked (CL) sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) with a bonded MoPA, was prepared in sulfonation of PEEK, cross linkage reaction with 1,4-diiodobutane, and addition with MoPA. PEEK was covalently cross-linked with 1,4-diiodobutane to improve mechanical strength and was added with MoPA to increase proton conductivity. MoPA should be fixed to back bone of SPEEK to prevent bleeding out. Therefore, the carbonyl group of SPEEK was reduced with NaBH4 and 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTES) was added. The MoPA bonded composite was produced in the reaction of MoPA with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxvsilane (MPTMS). In conclusion, MoPA bonded CL-SPEEK composite membrane featured 0.129 S/cm of proton conductivity at $80^{\circ}C$, and 2,156 hours of chemical stability in Fenton test. These properties are better than those of membranes of other SPEEK system.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2017

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite including tungstophosphoric acid(TPA) membranes have been intensively investigated for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) and thus covalently linked sulfonated polyether ether ketone (CL-SPEEK) with captured TPA composite membranes were prepared and characterized. Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) was prepared in sulfonation of PEEK and was cross-linked with 1,4 diiodobutane. The carbonyl group of SPEEK was reduced with $NaBH_4$ and 3-isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTES) was added. The TPA captured composite was prepared in reaction of TPA with 3-mercaptopropyltrime thoxysilane (MPTMS). The polymer composite membranes showed better thermostability and electrochemical properties than SPEEK. The membranes were prepared by sol-gel casting method. The polymer composite membrane featured 0.1285 S/cm of proton conductivity at $80^{\circ}C$ and outstanding durability.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.478-484
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• 2016

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite membranes have been intensively investigated for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Covalently linked (CL) sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) and cellulose polymer composite membranes were prepared and characterized. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and cellulose were sulfonated and then were covalently linked by 1,4-diiodobutane to produce covalently linked SPEEK and cellulose polymer composite membranes. The composite membranes showed better thermostability and electrochemical properties than SPEEK. The membranes were prepared by sol-gel casting method. CL-SPEEK/Cellulose composite membrane featured 0.2453 S/cm of proton conductivity at $80^{\circ}C$ which was better than that of Nafion.

• 멤브레인
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 Polysulfone (PSf), Polyetherimide (PEI)를 각각 비율을 달리하여 아민화하였고, Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)을 설폰화하였다. 합성한 두 이온교환고분자를 더블캐스팅방법으로 SPEEK (sulfonated PEEK)/APSf (aminated PSf) 및 SPEEK/APEI (aminated PEI) 바이폴라막을 제조하였다. 각각의 막 표면을 불소화하고, 아민화 비율에 따라 차아염소산나트륨발생량을 비교하였다. 아민화 비율이 증가할수록 차아염소산나트륨 발생 농도 또한 증가하였다. SPEEK/APSf 3 : 1 막의 경우 불소화 전의 차아염소산나트륨 농도와 총 운전시간은 61.0 ppm, 220 min이고, 불소화한 막의 경우 58.6 ppm, 570 min이다. 또한 SPEEK/APEI 3 : 1 막에서 역시 불소화 전후의 차아염소산나트륨 농도는 각각 60.1 ppm, 58.3 ppm이고, 총 운전시간은 150 min에서 440 min으로 내구성이 크게 향상되었다. 따라서 표면 불소화가 막의 내구성에 중요한 역할을 한다고 사료된다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.404-413
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• 2006

This study examines multiple quality optimization of the injection molding for Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK). It also looks into the dimensional deviation and strength of screws that are reduced and improved for the molding quality, respectively. This study applies the Taguchi method to cut down on the number of experiments and combines grey relational analysis to determine the optimal processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics. The quality characteristics of this experiment are the screws' outer diameter, tensile strength and twisting strength. First, one should determine the processing parameters that may affect the injection molding with the $L_{18}(2^1{\times}3^7)$ orthogonal, including mold temperature, pre-plasticity amount, injection pressure, injection speed, screw speed, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time. Then, the grey relational analysis, whose response table and response graph indicate the optimum processing parameters for multiple quality characteristics, is applied to resolve this drawback. The Taguchi method only takes a single quality characteristic into consideration. Finally, a processing parameter prediction system is established by using the back-propagation neural network. The percentage errors all fall within 2%, between the predicted values and the target values. This reveals that the prediction system established in this study produces excellent results.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of displacement while tightening the screw of scan bodies, which were compared according to the material type. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three types of scan bodies whose base regions were made up of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material [Straumann Group, Dentium Group, and Myfit (PEEK) Group] and another scan body whose base region was made up of titanium material [Myfit (Metal) Group] were used (15 per group). The reference model was fabricated by aligning the scan body library on the central axis of the implant, and moving this position by the resin model. The screws of the scan bodies were tightened to the implant fixture with torques of 5 Ncm, 10 Ncm, and a hand tightening torque. After the application of the torque, the scan bodies were scanned using a laboratory scanner. To evaluate the vertical, horizontal, and 3-dimensional (3D) displacements, a 3D inspection software program was used. To examine the difference among groups, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD post hoc test were used (α=.05). RESULTS. There were significant differences in 3D, vertical, and horizontal displacements among the different types of scan bodies (P<.001). There was a significantly lower displacement in the Straumann group than in the Myfit (PEEK) and Dentium groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The horizontal displacement in all groups was less than 10 ㎛. With the hand tightening torque, a high vertical displacement of over 100 ㎛ occurred in PEEK scan bodies (Myfit and Dentium). Therefore, it is recommended to apply a tightening torque of 5 Ncm instead of a hand tightening torque.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 초음속 주유동 환경에서의 막냉각 특성에 대해 적외선 열상법을 적용한 시험을 수행하였다. 막냉각 시험은 수축형 막냉각 노즐을 갖는 쐐기형 막냉각 시편을 이용해 마하수 3.0, 단위 길이 당 레이놀즈수 $42.53{\times}10^6$ 와 $69.35{\times}10^6$ 인 조건을 구현한 자유-제트 시험 설비에서 수행하였다. 모사 탐색창에 해당하는 PEEK의 표면 온도를 계측하여 막냉각 효율을 산출하였고 받음각 및 분사율이 막냉각 효율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 막냉각을 적용하지 않는 경우와 비교할 때, 막냉각을 적용할 경우 측정된 PEEK의 표면 온도가 크게 감소하였다. 막냉각의 유용성은 시간에 따른 PEEK의 표면 온도로부터 산출한 열유속 특성으로도 확인할 수 있다. 분사율이 증가할수록 보호되는 PEEK의 영역이 주유동과 막냉각 유동의 흐름 방향으로 확장되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2015

To improve the electrochemical and mechanical characteristics, engineering plastic of the sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as polymer matrix was prepared in the sulfonation reaction of polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The SPEEK organic-inorganic blended composite membranes were prepared by sol-gel casting method. It was loaded with the highly dispersed ceria and cesium-substituted molybdosilicic acid (Cs-MoSiA) and 1,4-diiodobutane which was cross-linking agent contents of $10{\mu}L$. Cs-MoSiA was added to increase proton conductivity. Ceria ($CeO_2$) was used as a free radical scavenger which degrade the membrane in polymer electrolyte membrane water elctrolysis (PEMWE). In conclusion, CL-SPEEK/Cs-MoSiA/Ceria 1% composite membrane showed high proton conductivity 0.2104 S/cm at $25^{\circ}C$ which was better than Nafion 117 membrane.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.561-569
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• 2014

Ceria ($CeO_2$) was used to increase the durability of the membrane in the polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) circumstance. The sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as polymer matrix was prepared in the sulfonation reaction of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) to improve electrochemical characteristics. After sulfonation reaction, the organic-inorganic blended composite membranes were prepared by means of sol-gel casting method with loading the highly dispersed $CeO_2$ and Cs-substituted molybdophosphoric acid (Cs-MoPA) with cross-linking agent (tetrapropyl orthosilicate). Consequently, the composite membrane CL-SPEEK/Silane 4wt%/Cs-MoPA/Ceria(1%) showed the improved characteristics such as 82% of water content, 0.11136 S/cm of proton conductivity at $80^{\circ}C$, 55.50 MPa of tensile strength and 4.37% of breeding out of MoPA.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2015

The engineering plastic of sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) as a polymer matrix has been developed in this lab to replace Nafion, solid polymer electrolytes of perfluorosulfonic acid membrane which has several flaws such as high cost, and limited operational temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. The SPEEK was prepared in the sulfonation reaction of polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The organic-inorganic blended composite membranes were prepared by sol-gel casting method with loading the highly dispersed ceria and cesium-substituted tungstosilicic acid (Cs-TSiA) with cross-linking agent contents of 0.01 mL. In conclusion, CL-SPEEK/Cs-TSiA/ceria 1% membrane showed the optimum results such as 0.1882 S/cm of proton conductivity at $80^{\circ}C$, and 99.61 MPa of tensile strength which were better than Nafion 117 membrane.