• 약학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.621-624
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• 1996

Betaine was treated with hydrochloric acid and then with sodium borohydride to give a hydroxy compound 2. The reaction of 2 with thionyl chloride followed by thiourea led a comp ound 5. Oxidation of compound 2 with pyridinium dichromate(PDC) and succesive treatment with Lawesson's reagent also afforded the same compound 5. Cleavage of N-C14 bond compound of 7 was carried out via two reaction sequence from the compound 4. Finally, compound 10 was sythesized by a series of transformations from the compound 4.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

Cotton has no adsorption ability for the cationic dye and heavy metal but, if anionized cotton can be made, it will be possible. In this study, to enable the anionisation of cotton fabric, it was modified using sodium vinylsolfonate(SV) as the anionisation reagent, employing a pad-dry-cure(PDC) technique. The effects of curing time, treatment concentrations of urea, sodium hydroxide and SV on the weight increase were experimented and then, the physical characterizations of sulfoethyl cotton(SEC) depending on the finishing conditions were estimated, thus the application possibility of SV as anionisation reagent was investigated. It was not much changed by anionisation except wrinkle recovery. And the structure of SEC was elucidated by Raman and NMR spectoscopy. The feasibility of using Raman and NMR spectroscopy with the band at $1,043cm^{-1}$, and 50.5ppm, respectively as marker band to determine sulfoethyl group of SEC was reported. The total degree of SV substitution(DSV) was determined via elemental analysis. SEC with diverse total DSV up to 0.066 was obtained. In the thermal decomposition(pyrolysis) by DSC, it can be found that the pyrolysis temperature was about $30^{\circ}C$ lower than that of non-treated cotton fabric.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2007년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.34 No.2 (D)
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• pp.613-618
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• 2007

현재 하나의 TV에 연결할 수 있는 수많은 기기들이 개발, 판매되고 있다. 이렇게 연결하는 방법 중 현재 많이 사용하고 있는 방법 중에 하나인 HDMI의 경우에 HDMI-CEC라는 기능을 도입해서 연결된 각각의 기기를 따로따로 컨트를 하지 않고 하나의 리모컨으로 적용하는 방안을 제시하고 있다. 현재 가정에서 사용하는 DVD-Recorder에 HDMI-CEC 기능을 대응하여, 사용자가 원하는 기능을 여러 개의 기기를 직접 제어하는 것이 아니라, 단 하나의 키 동작으로 여러 개의 기기를 동시에 제어하는 시스템을 설계한다면 사용자에게 많은 편의를 줄 수가 있다. 그러나, 이러한 시스템을 설계했을 경우에 사용자가 원하는 동작을 정확히 안 하는 문제, 반응 속도가 너무 느려서 사용자가 동작을 안 하는 것으로 착각하게 만드는 문제와 HDMI-CEC의 Spec에서는 제시하고 있지 않으나 사용자의 편의물 위해서 지원해야 하는 경우가 있을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 HDMI-CEC와 PDC의 spec에 대한 설명을 하고, HDMI-CEC를 적용한 시스템에 대한 설계를 한다. 그리고, 그 시스템에서 발견된 문제 중 정확한 동작을 하지 않는 TV가 꺼져있는 OnTouchPlay의 경우의 대한 처리와, 반응 속도가 느린 경우인 시스템을 부팅하는 경우의 반응시간을 줄이는 방안, 그리고 HDMI-CEC의 spec에는 없으나 사용자의 편의를 위해서 지원해야 하는 기능들에 대해 논한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2000

Cerebellar granule and glial cells prepared from 7 day-old rat pups were used to investigate the effects of sub-acute nicotine exposure on the glutamatergic nervous system. These cells were exposed to nicotine in various concentrations for 2 to 10 days in situ. Nicotine-exposure did not result in any changes in cerebellar granule and glial cell viability at concentrations of up to 500 $\mu\textrm{M}$. In cerebellar granule cells, the basal extracellular levels of glutamate, aspartate and glycine were enhanced in the nicotine-exposed granule cells. In addition, the responses of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced glutamate release were enhanced at low NMDA concentrations in the nicotine-exposed granule cells. However, this decreased at higher NMDA concentrations. The glutaminase activity was increased after nicotine exposure. In cerebellar glial cells, glutamate uptake in the nicotine-exposed glial cells were either increased at low nicotine exposure levels or decreased at higher levels. The inhibition of glutamate uptake by L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) was lower in glial cells exposed to 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ nicotine. Glutamine synthetase activity was lower in glial cells exposed to 100 or 500 $\mu\textrm{M}$ of nicotine. These results indicate that the properties of cerebellar granule and glial cells may alter after subacute nicotine exposure. Furthermore, they suggest that nicotine exposure during development may modulate glutamatergic nervous activity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.385-407
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• 2015

This paper deals with the problem of the global stabilization for a class of tension leg platform (TLP) nonlinear control systems. It is well known that, in general, the global asymptotic stability of the TLP subsystems does not imply the global asymptotic stability of the composite closed-loop system. Finding system parameters for stabilizing the control system is also an issue need to be concerned. In this paper, we give additional sufficient conditions for the global stabilization of a TLP nonlinear system. In particular, we consider a class of NN based Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy TLP systems. Using the so-called parallel distributed compensation (PDC) controller, we prove that this class of systems can be globally asymptotically stable. The proper design of system parameters are found by a swarm intelligence algorithm called Evolved Bat Algorithm (EBA). An illustrative example is given to show the applicability of the main result.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.2043-2050
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• 2009

2′-$\beta$-C-Methylneplanocin A (3) was synthesized via 2-$\beta$-C-methylribonolactone, prepared by a modified Whistler and BeMiller’s method developed by our laboratory, as potential anti-HCV agent. Reduction of 14 with Dibal-H afforded 26 in a good yield with a trace of 25, whereas a Luche reduction gave 26/25 = 4/1 mixture. Several attempts were made to chemoselectively remove TBS group in the presence of TBDPS group and treatment with both PPTS and TsOH showed the best result. Condensation of 26 with 6-chloropurine under Mitsunobu conditions produced an $S_N$2 product 27 along with an $S_N$2′ product 28.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 확장된 병렬 분산 보상기와 최적 극점 배치 방법을 사용한 비선형 시스템의 퍼지 모델 기반 제어기의 분석과 설계 방법을 제안한다. 설계과정을 설명하면 먼저비선형 시스템을 Takagi-Sugeno 퍼지 모델로 표현하고 확장된 병렬 분산 보상기를 사용하여 제어기 규칙을 작성한다. 그리고 최적 극점 배치 방법을 사용하여 국소 상태 궤환 제어기를 설계하고 이를 이용하여 전체의 퍼지논리제어기를 설계한다. 기존의 사용된 병렬 분산 보상기와는 다르게 본 논문에서 새로이 개발된 확장된 병렬 분산 보상기와 최적 극점 배치 방법을 이용함으로써 안정한 국소 퍼지 제어기의 설계뿐만 아니라 추적 제어 목적도 수행할 수 있는 전체의 안정한 퍼지 제어기도 설계할 수 있다. 게다가 전체 퍼지 모델 뿐만 아니라 실제 비선형 시스템에 대해서도 안정도 분석을 행하였다 마지막으로 제안된 퍼지 모델 기반 제어기 설계 방법의 효율성과 가능성을 하나의 시뮬레이션 예를 통하여 증명하였다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.260-260
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• 1994

Mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDC) enzyme consists of multiple oopies of three major oligomeric enzymes-El, E2 E3. And protein X is one of the enzymatic constituents which is tightly bound to E2 subunit This complex enzyme is responsible for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate producing of acetyl CoA which is a key intermediate for the entry of carbohydrates into the TCA cycle for its complete metabolic conversion to CO$_2$. And the overall activity of the complex enzyme is regulated via covalent nodification of El subunit by a El specific phosphatase ad kinase. Protein X has lipoyl moiety that undergoes reduction and acetylation during ezymatic reaction and has been known h be involved in the binding of E3 subunit to E2 core and in the regulatory activity of kinase. The purification of protein X has not been achieved majorly because of its tight binding to E2 subunit The E2-protein X subcomplex was obtained by the established methods and the detachment of protein X from E2 was accomplished in the 0.1M borate buffer containing 150mM NaCl. During the storage of the subcomplex in frozen state at -70$^{\circ}C$, the E2 subunit was precipitated and the dissociated protein X was obtained by cntrifegation into the supernatant The verification of protein X was accomplished by (1)the migration on SDS-PAGE, (2)acetylation by 〔2$\^$-l4/C〕 pyruvate, and (3)internal amino acid sequence analysis of tryptic digested enzyme.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-50
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was 1) to estimate the improvement of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG-treated acrylic athletic socks and suggest the optimum add-on for PEG treatment, 2) to investigate wear performance of untreated cocks and two kinds of socks treated with PEG of minimum and optimum add-on respectively, and 3) to consider the effect of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG- treated socks on the wear performance and the subjective comfort zone. Thermal activities of specimens treated by PDC were evaluated on a DSC by measuring the heat of fusion on heating and the heat of crystallization on cooling. Moisture regain, absorption speed, wickability, water retenti on value, and water-vapor permeability were measured. In the wear trials that the subjects performed a subsequent exercise protocol wearing three differently treated socks in a conditioned environment ($14\pm2^{\circ}C$, 65$\pm$2% R.H.), microclimate temperature and humidity, and subjective wear sensations including thermal sensation, wettedness, softness, fit, and overall comfort were obtained. PEC-treated specimens with more than 20% add-on showed thermal storage on heating and thermal release on cooling by a DSC and the heat contents of treated ones were generally proportional to the add-ons. Moisture transport properties were highly improved after PEG treatment and increased rapidly with increasing add-on. The tendencies were, however, relaxed above 50% add-on and the treated knits were much stiffer above that add-on. In the wear trials of untreated, PEG add-on 20%, and 50% acrylic socks, the changes of microclimate temperature of 50% socks were significantly less than that of 20% socks. PEG add-on 50% socks showed significantly less changes of microclimate humidity than other two kinds of socks. Three kinds of socks showed significant differences in overall comfort and add-on 50% socks were accepted more comfortable than other two kinds of socks. Comfort zone of foot was extended after PEG treatment on socks and it implied that the subjects wearing PEG- treated socks felt comfortable in wider ranges of microclimate temperature and humidity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2010

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp30 is a plasma membrane heat shock protein that is induced by various environmental stress conditions. However, the functional role of Hsp30 during diverse environmental stressors is not presently known. To gain insight into its function during thermal stress, we have constructed and characterized a ${\Delta}hsp30$ strain during heat stress. $BY4741{\Delta}hsp30$ cells were found to be more sensitive compared with BY4741 cells, when exposed to a lethal heat stress at $50^{\circ}C$. When budding yeast is exposed to either heat shock or weak organic acid, it inhibits Pma1p activity. In this study, we measured the levels of Pma1p in mutant and Wt cells both during optimal temperature and heat shock temperature. We observed that $BY4741{\Delta}hsp30$ cells showed constitutive reduction of Pma1p. To gain further insights into the role of Hsp30 during heat stress, we compared the total protein profile by 2D gel electrophoresis followed by identification of differentially expressed spots by LC-MS. We observed that contrary to that expected from thermal-stress-induced changes in gene expression, the ${\Delta}hsp30$ mutant maintained elevated levels of Pdc1p, Trx1p, and Nbp35p and reduced levels of Atp2p and Sod1p during heat shock. In conclusion, Hsp30 is necessary during lethal heat stress, for the maintenance of Pma1p and a set of thermal stress response functions.