• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2015

To determine the effect of diabetes on root resorption in periodontitis, we investigated odontoclast formation and root resorption in diabetic rats with periodontitis. Odontoclast formation was observed in three groups of F344 rats: Controls (C) were normal rats without diabetes or periodontitis; the periodontitis (P) group had mandibular first molars to be ligatured; the periodontitis with diabetes (PD) group was intravenously administered streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) to induce diabetes and had mandibular first molars to be ligatured. On days 3, 10, and 20 after ligature, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) expression, odontoclast formation, and root resorption areas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. The PD group showed frequent urination, weight loss, and hyperglycemia. Numbers of TNF-${\alpha}$- and RANKL-positive cells were higher in the P and PD groups than in the C group. It was more prevalent in PD group on day 3. Odontoclast formation was greater in the P and PD groups than in the C group on days 3 and 10, then decreased to same level as the C group by day 20. Root resorption in the PD and P groups showed increases on days 3 and 10, respectively, compared to the C group. These results suggest that diabetes may transiently increase root resorption on day 3 with high expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and RANKL after periodontitis induction. This study could aid the understanding of root resorption in diabetic patients with periodontitis.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to know to the effect of Pd film($180{\AA}$ thick) evaporation condition on the kinetics of hydrogen absorption-desorption. The activation energy of the forward reaction, the activation energy of the backward reaction, and the enthalpy were calculated by hydrogen absorption-desorption in ${\alpha}$-phase.($25{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ temperature) The activation energy of the forward reaction of Pd film, which is made at room temperature, is $6.4{\pm}0.4$ kcal/mol H and of the backward reaction $8.4{\pm}1.5$ kcal/mol H, which yields the reaction enthalpy -2kcal/mol H. The activation energy of forward reaction of Pd film, which is made at $300^{\circ}C$, is $-0.18{\pm}0.61$ kcal/mol H and of the backward reaction $-0.17{\pm}2.3$ kcal/mol H. The sample of $300^{\circ}C$ is more stable than the sample of room temperature in its struciural compactness and resistance value but standard error of result of $300^{\circ}C$ sample is higher than sample of room temperature do.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.329-335
• /
• 2022

Essential minerals are important for human health because they support biochemical reactions in metabolism and may play a role in the development of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD). We investigated the relationship between calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, total protein, glucose and vitamin D levels in G6PD deficiency in this study. The control group consisted of 40 people (23 females and 17 males) and the patient group consisted of 50 people (20 females and 30 males), all of whom were between the ages of (1-12 years). The findings revealed that the calcium level in patients, depending on sex factor, has a highly significant increase (p <0.0001) when compared to the control group, especially in children who are females rather than males who are affected by G6PD deficiency. In addition, the level of magnesium was found to be significantly different (p <0.0001) in children male patients when compared to the control group. On the other side, the level of total protein was found to be significantly high in children patients (p <0.01) when comparing with control group, and the levels of urea, creatinine and glucose were found to be highly significant increase (p <0.001) in patients when comparing to healthy groups, vitamin D levels were significantly lower (p <0.0001) with G6PD deficiency comparing to control group. In conclusion, the low and high significant associations between vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, urea, creatinine, and glucose indicate that more research is needed to better understand their roles in G6PD development.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 1996

Dopamine transporter concentrations have been known to decrease in Parkinson's disease (PD) or increase in Tourette's disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of [I-123]N-(3-iodopropene-2-yl)-$2{\beta}$-carbomethoxy-$3{\beta}$-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane (IPT) as an imaging agent for measuring changes in transporter concentrations with PD. IPT labelled with 6.69+/-0.64 mCi(247.53+/-23.68 MBq) of I-123 was intravenously injected into ten patients(age: 55+/-11) with PD, and six normal controls(NC)(age: 46+/-14) as a bolus. Dynamic SPECT scans of the brain were then performed for 5 minutes each over 120 minutes on a triple headed camera. Time activity curves were generated for the left basal ganglia(LBG), right basal ganglia(RBC), and occipital cortex(OCC). The statistical parameters included the time to peak activity, the contrast ratio of LBG and RBG to OCC at several time points, and the accumulated specific binding counts/mCi/pixel(ASBC) from 0 to 115 minutes. The uptake of IPT in the brains of PD and NC peaked within 10 minutes of injection in all subjects. The maximum target to background ratio in the basal ganglia of PD and NC occurred at 85+/-20 min and 110+/-6 min of injection, respectively. The BG/OCC ratios at 115 minutes for PD and NC were 2.15+/-0.54 and 4.26+/-0.73, respectively. The ASBC at 115 minutes for PD and NC were 152.91+/-50.09 and 289.51+/-49.00, respectively. The ratio of BG/OCC for the NC was significantly higher than the ratio for PD. SPECT data matched with clinical diagnosis for PDs. The ratio between BG and OCC and the ASBC for PD were clearly separated from NC and may be useful outcome measures for clinical diagnosis. The findings suggest that IPT may be a very useful tracer for early diagnosis of PD and study of dopamine reuptake site.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.406-414
• /
• 2018

Purpose: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) is an emerging immune response molecule related to T-cell anergy. There has been tremendous interest in breast cancer targeting immune checkpoint molecules, especially in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study was designed to investigate TIM-3 expression on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), its relationships with clinicopathological parameters and expression of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), and its prognostic role. Methods: Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray blocks produced from 109 samples of invasive ductal carcinoma type TNBC was performed with antibodies toward TIM-3, PD-1, PD-L1 and breast cancer-related molecular markers. Associations between their expression and clinicopathological parameters as well as survival analyses were performed. Results: TIM-3 was expressed in TILs from all 109 TNBCs, consisting of 17 cases (<5%), 31 cases (6%-25%), 48 cases (26%-50%), and 13 cases (>51%). High TIM-3 was significantly correlated with younger patients (p=0.0101), high TILs (p=0.0029), high tumor stage (p=0.0018), high PD-1 (p=0.0001) and high PD-L1 (p=0.0019), and tended to be associated with higher histologic grade, absence of extensive in situ components and microcalcification. High TIM-3 expression was significantly associated with a combinational immunophenotype group of high PD-L1 and high PD-1 (p<0.0001). High TIM-3 demonstrated a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (p<0.0001) and longer overall survival (OS) (p=0.0001), together with high TILs and high PD-1. In univariate survival analysis, high TIM-3 showed reduced relapse risk (p<0.0001) and longer OS (p=0.0003), together with high PD-1 expression. In multivariate analysis, high TIM-3 was statistically significant in predicting prognosis, showing better DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.0994; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0296-0.3337; p=0.0002) and longer OS (HR, 0.1109; 95% CI, 0.0314-0.3912; p=0.0006). Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrate that TIM-3 expression is an independent positive prognostic factor in TNBC, despite its association with poor clinical and pathologic features.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2015

Purpose: On this study, we measured and compared the dynamic stereoacuity by two-rods test (Howard-Dolman Test) and three-rods test. And we analyzed the correlation between PD and refractive error with dynamic stereoacuity. Methods: Dynamic stereoacuity of two-rods test and three-rods test at 2.5 m distance for 93 adults 93 (50 males, 43 females), mean age of $21.27{\pm}2.32$ (19~32) years old, were measured 5 times for two tests. Results: The mean of dynamic stereoacuity measured by two-rods test and three-rods test were $29.91{\pm}23.03sec$ of arc and $23.75{\pm}21.65sec$ of arc for total subjects, respectively. The mean of male and female were $36{\pm}22.38sec$ of arc and $22.28{\pm}23.79$, respectively. Three-rods test showed better dynamic stereoacuity than two-rods test, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). For the average standard deviation of PD between 60.63 mm~66.19 mm, dynamic stereoacuity fo two-rod test and three-rod test were $31.48{\pm}24.87sec$ of arc and $31.48{\pm}24.87sec$ of arc, respectively. The results showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05), but the relationship between dynamic stereoacuity and PD was not great. Comparison between two tests on the basis of refractive error, dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test was better than by two-rods test with no significant difference between both tests (p>0.05) and there was little correlation between refractive error and two dynamic stereoacuity. Conclusions: Three-rods test showing lower stereoacuity than two-rods tests could measure the lower minimum threshold of dynamic stereoacuity. It was found that both tests can be applied to dynamic stereoacuity test as a standard test, and PD and refractive error was found that little effect upon the dynamic stereoacuity. PD and refractive error was found that little effect upon the dynamic stereoacuity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.477-485
• /
• 2006

study investigated the influences of the forms of verbal external representations and students' verbal learning style in learning chemical concepts with drawing as a method to assist students in connecting and integrating multiple external representations. Seventh graders (N=133) at a coed middle school were assigned to formal drawing (FD) and personalized drawing (PD) groups. Students in the PD group were provided words at personalized style as verbal external representations for drawing, while those in the FD group were provided words at formal style. All students were taught about Boyles Law and Charless Law for two class hours. Results revealed that the scores of a conception test for the PD group were significantly higher than those for the FD group. In a situational interest test, students with strong verbal learning style preference scored significantly higher than students with weak verbal learning style preference in the two groups. Most PD group students were found to prefer to read verbal external representations at personalized style for drawing rather than at formal style, and perceived their activities positively upon cognitive, affective and motivational aspects. Students with strong verbal learning style preference had more positive perceptions about their activities than students with weak verbal learning style preference especially upon affective and motivational aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 2011

Two new palladium (II) complexes, [Pd (phen)(pip-dtc)]$NO_3$ and [Pd(phen)(mor-dtc)]$NO_3$, (where phen is 1,10-Phenantroline, pip-dtc is piperidinedithiocarbamate anion and mor-dtc is morpholinedithiocarbamate anion) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic studies (FT-IR, $^1H$ NMR, UV-Vis) and conductance measurement. In these complexes, the dithiocarbamate ligands coordinate with Pd (II) center as bidentate with two sulfur atoms. These two complexes have been tested against chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562. They show $IC_{50}$ values less than cisplatin and thus the mode of binding of the complexes to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated by ultraviolet difference and fluorescence spectroscopy. They can denature DNA, exhibit cooperative binding and intercalate into DNA. Several binding and thermodynamic parameters are also described.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2011

The dry method and wet method are currently used for the recovery of platinum group metals (Pt, Rh, Pd) contained in spent automobile catalysts. The study herein aims to identify the melting condition and optimum collector metal in accordance with a comparison of each concentration change in melting waste catalysts, using Fe and Cu in a basic experiment to recover waste catalysts through application of the dry melting method. As a summarized result of the experiment herein, it was determined to be more advantageous to use Fe as a parent material rather than Cu from the aspect of recollection rate, and the concentration change rate of platinum group metals within slag was greatly enhanced at $1,600^{\circ}C$ melting condition rather than at $1,500^{\circ}C$ in terms of melting processing temperature. The mean concentration of platinum group metals - Rh, Pd and Pt - within slag after a melting process at $1,600^{\circ}C$ were 6.21 ppm, 5.98 ppm and 6.97 ppm. The Rh and Pd were 50.58% and 55.31% respectively greater than the concentration change rate of platinum group metals in slag at a melting temperature of $1,500^{\circ}C$. However, since the initial concentration of Pt within the waste catalysts was 12.9 ppm, is relatively low, it was difficult to compare concentration change rates after the melting process.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.48-51
• /
• 2003

HTS power transmission cable is expected to transport large electric power with a compact size. We are developing a 3-core, 22.9 kV, 50 MVA class HTS power cable, and each core consists of a conductor and shield wound with Bi-2223 tapes, electrical insulation with laminated polypropylene paper (LPP) impregnated with liquid nitrogen. This paper describes the design and experimental results of the model cable for the 22.9 kV, 50 MVA class HTS power transmission cable. The model cable was used the SUS tapes instead of HTS tapes because of testing the electrical characteristics only. The model cable was 1.3 m long and electrical insulation thickness was 4.5 mm. The model cable was evaluated the partial discharge (PD), AC and Impulse withstand voltage in liquid nitrogen. The AC and Impulse withstands voltage and PD inception stress was satisfied with the standard of Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) in the test results. The 3-core 22.9 kV, 50 MVA class HTS power cable has been designed and manufactured based on these experimental results.