• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.622-625
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• 2010

In this letter, we assess the scalability of a path computation flooding (PCF) approach to compute optimal end-to-end inter-domain paths in a path computation element-based multi-domain network. PCF yields a drastically reduced network blocking probability compared to a blind per-domain path computation but introduces significant network control overhead and path computation complexity. In view of this, we introduce and compare an alternative low overhead PCF (LoPCF) solution. From the obtained results, LoPCF leads to similar blocking probabilities to PCF while exhibiting around 50% path computation complexity and network control overhead reduction.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2011

The distributed coordination function (DCF) and point coordination function (PCF) protocols are the basic MAC protocols for legacy IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11e, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless LANs. When the DCF protocol is used for the various versions of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, the MAC performance seriously degrades due to the collisions among the stations (STAs) as more and more STAs attempt to transmit their data frames. On the other hand, the PCF MAC performance becomes poor when many STAs exist in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, however, only small number of STAs actually attempt to transmit their data frames. In this paper, we propose the algorithm for improving the MAC performance by selectively using the DCF and PCF protocols according to the state of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs. Numerical examples are presented to show the MAC performance improvement by the selective use of the DCF and PCF protocols according to the network state.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2005

Recent advances on wireless technology are enabling the design and deployment of real-time traffic in wireless LAN. Point Coordination Function (PCF) mode of Wireless LAN is defined to provide QoS of real time traffic, such as voice, video in wireless LANs. The service polling scheduling plays an important role in real-time traffic services of wireless LAN. This paper proposes a multicast polling scheme to increase the maximum number of conversations by reducing the amount of empty polls in IEEE 802.11 PCF mode. Our simulation studies show that our scheme may improve performance of the PCF in terms of the average transfer delay and packet discard ratio.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1801-1807
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• 2008

A home network is a collection and connection of many electronic and electrical devices in home in order to make daily life comfortable, entertaining and safe. The convergence of Ethernet and wireless technology to a single shared broadband connection in residential gateway is the key feature of the home network. This kind of heterogeneous network has realized the need to implement different QoS mechanisms. Basically, in this paper we propose to integrate IP QoS and Wireless QoS mechanisms for QoS assurance in home network. This paper compares the combination of PCF with two queuing algorithms Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) and Custom Queuing (CQ) and concludes that the combination of CQ and PCF performs best for home network.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.195-199
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• 2010

A broadband optical coupler with a broad bandwidth of 1000 nm based on a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is investigated. The PCF has 6 layers of air hole structures and a diameter of $130{\mu}m$. The PCF-based coupler is fabricated by using a fused biconical tapering method based on heating and elongation processes. Changing temperature and an elongation length can control the bandwidth and the bandedge wavelength of the PCF-based broadband coupler. The diameter of the fused region in the PCF-based coupler was measured to be $23{\mu}m$. The fabricated PCF-based coupler has a nearly-flat coupling ration of 3-dB in a broad bandwidth of 1000 nm, which is wider than that of the previously reported PCF-based coupler and that of the single-modefiber-based coupler. Since the resolution of optical coherence tomography system is proportional to the bandwidths of both an optical light sources and an interferometer, the fabricated PCF-based broadband optical coupler has a great potential for realization of a broadband interferogram.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2021

We studied electrochemical sensors using printed carbon nanotube (CNT) film on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Multiwalled CNT films were printed on a PET substrate to study its feasibility as hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) detection sensor. The printed CNT film (PCF) with a 50 ㎛ thickness exhibited a specific resistance of 230 ohm. To determine the optimum sensor structure, a resistance-type PCF sensor (R-type PCF sensor) and a conductive-type PCF sensor (C-type PCF sensor) were fabricated and compared using diluted NH₃ droplets with various concentrations. The response magnitude, response time, sensitivity, linearity, and limit of detection (LOD) were compared, and it was concluded that the C-type PCF sensor exhibited superior performance. By applying a C-Type PCF sensor, we confirmed the detection performance of 12 types of floating HNS and the response of the sensor with selectivity according to the degree of polarity.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

A modified PCF(Point Coordination Function) protocol with the optimal polling sequence is defined in detail and shown to improve the efficiency of the conventional PCF protocol in IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. The problem for the optimal polling sequence is formulated as TSP(Travelling Salesman Problem) with the distance values of 1's or 0's. Numerical examples show that the optimal polling sequence increases the capacity of the real-time service such as VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

In this paper, we implemented a polarimetric strain sensor using a Sagnac birefringence interferometer composed of a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF). By changing the length of the PM-PCF employed as the sensor head of the proposed sensor, the length dependence of the strain sensitivity was investigated. With respect to 5.0-, 7.5-, and 10.0-cm-long PM-PCFs, strain measurements were done in a measurement range of $0{\sim}6m{\varepsilon}$, and strain sensitivities of ~2.04, ~1.92, and ${\sim}1.73pm/{\mu}{\varepsilon}$ were obtained, respectively. If an ideal PM-PCF with no length dependence of a modal birefringence is used for the proposed sensor, the strain sensitivity is independent of the length of the sensor head (PM-PCF). In the practical PM-PCF used in experiments, however, a shorter PM-PCF has a higher length dependence of the modal birefringence due to its imperfectness and nonuniformity of the internal structure, resulting in a higher length dependence of the strain sensitivity.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.282-291
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• 2020

The study reports on the design and performance of two air-filled and two partial ethanol-filled photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures with a tetra core for supercontinuum generation. The PCFs are nonlinear with ultra-flattened zero dispersion. Holes with smaller areas are used to create a tetra-core PCF structure. Ethanol is filled in the holes of smaller area while the larger holes of cladding region are airfilled. Optical properties including dispersion, effective mode area, confinement loss, normalized frequency, and nonlinear coefficient of the designed PCF structures are investigated via full vector finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. A PCF structure with lead silicate as wafer exhibits significantly better results than a PCF structure with silica as wafer. However, both structures report dispersion at a telecommunication wavelength corresponding to 1.55 ㎛. Furthermore, the PCF structure with lead silicate as wafer exhibits a very high nonlinear coefficient corresponding to 1375 W^-1 km^-1 at the same wavelength. This scheme can be used for optical communication systems and in optical devices by exploiting the principle of nonlinearity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1676-1682
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• 2005

PCF(Point Coordination Function) of IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is an access method oat generally has better performance under high offered load conditions. And it is also appropriate for sending data of time-limited applications. In this paper we consider the QoS(Quality of Service) enhancement method according to the change of nodes in the IEEE 802.11 WLAN. We assume that the un consists or QoS nodes and non-QoS nodes. The QoS nodes has a mechanism to support QoS. we can find the appropriate network parameters by many simulations. And the changes of network status are considered according to the number of nodes.