• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-26
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• 2013

As the social development progress, social welfare policy for people with disabilities also advance to meet rights of people with disabilities. The personal assistance service(PAS) is the primary service system for persons with disabilities based on guaranteeing the self-determination. The purpose of this study was to compare the personal assistance service system between Japan and Korea to propose improvement plan for Korean system. The comparison of two countries was based on current situation analysis of PAS. The analysis on eligibility criteria, information referral, amount and type of services and service provider, appealing process and service fee deductible etc. The result showed that PAS in Korea is served according to administration convenience than personal need based. Korean PAS policies are limited to particular service amount and type of needed services to satisfy personal PAS need. Whereas, Japan PAS system is served on the philosophy of independent living paradigm and therefore, PAS is provided on personal service needs. The service emphasis is on self-determination and rights on service selection for persons with disabilities. The recommendation for improvement of PAS in Korea are as followed. First, PAS should served under independent living paradigm. Paradigm based service is important because it effects the main theme of PAS; the self determination and rights of service selection. Second, reconstruction of PAS system is needed. As it showed on analysis, eligibility criteria, information referral, amount and type of services and service provider, appealing process and service fee deductible need to be supplemented. Last, to better serve PAS, case management method should be apply. Case management would contribute to settlement of PAS system in Korea. Thru case management, participation opportunities of people with disabilities must be provided during the selection of service quantity and type of PAS.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.252-261
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• 2019

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of secondary metabolites that are produced by plants all over the world as a defense mechanism against herbivores. To date, over 660 PAs have been identified from more than 6,000 plant species that have been reported to be widely present in plants belonging to Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, and Fabaceae. This study describes an analytical method based on UPLC-MS/MS for the quantitation of 7 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Lycopsamine, Echimidine, Retrorsine, Retrorsine N-oxide, Senecionine, Heliotrine, and Trichodesmine) in honey, and was applied to 84 honey samples for validation. Quantitation was performed based on a matrix-matched calibration to compensate for the matrix effect on the electrospray ionization. Good linear calibrations were obtained for all 7 PAs in the spiked honey samples (2.575-202.14 ㎍/kg; R² ≥ 0.998). The extraction recoveries for most of the PAs in the honey samples were in the range of 81 %-108 %. The analysis showed that 6 of the 84 honey samples were contaminated by the PAs with the mean total sum of PAs being 47.19 ㎍/kg, and the concentrations of the PAs were observed to be in the range of 1.76-202.1 ㎍/kg. The retronecine type compounds (Echimidine, Lycopsamine) were the most frequently found PAs in honey. These data provide useful information for the assessment of human risk posed by the consumption of honey contaminated PAs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2006

Background : Para-aminosalicylic acid(PAS) is a 2nd-line drug that can cause severe adverse reactions leading to poor patient compliance. This study evaluated the relapse rate according to the discontinuance of PAS at a certain point after bacteriological conversion during the course of chemotherapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB). Methods : 42 out of 452 MDR-TB patients were enrolled in this study. All subjects were receiving chemotherapy including PAS at National Masan TB Hospital between Jan. 1, 2000 and Dec. 31, 2001. The relapse rate was evaluated after the discontinuance of PAS from their initial regimen as a result of the severe adverse reactions at a certain point after the bacteriological conversion during the course of chemotherapy for MDR-TB. Results : The male to female ratio was 2.5:1, and the mean age was 47.2 years old. The average number of past histories, used drugs and resistant drugs was 1.2, 3.9 and 4.3. The mean number of sensitive drugs included in the inirial regimen was 3.9. The mean time for bacteriological conversion and discontinuance of the PAS was 2.3 months after initiating treatment and 6 months after bacteriological conversion, respectively. There was no relapse after discontinuing PAS during a mean follow up period of 31.6 months. Conclusion : PAS may be discontinued in the cases of serious gastrointestinal problems approximately 6 months after bacteriological conversion without concern about relapse.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1989

The Applicability of chitin or chitosan microsphere as means to achieve sustained release of p-aminosalicylic acid(PAS) has been examined. The microsphere of chitin or chitosan containing PAS were prepared by coacervation in acidic aqueous system in range of pH 2.0-4.0. The dissolution test of PAS from polymeric drug system was carried out in vitro test. The dissolution rate of PAS from the microsphere with chitin was significanthly lower than that from the microsphere with chitosan.The dissolution rate of PAS from the microsphere was decreased with increasing of concentration of chitin and chitosan. The sustained release of PAS from the microsphere was more effective at pH 1.2 than pH 6.8.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.72-88
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the associations between physical activities (PAs) and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and perceived health status (PHS) of cancer survivors. We further examined the interaction effects of PAs and covariates on HRQOL and PHS. Methods: Data sets were obtained from the 2014-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were 1,349 cancer survivors aged over 18 years old. Data were analyzed using R 4.0.3 and SPSS 18.0. Logistic regression analysis was conducted considering only the main terms, or including additional interaction terms between PAs and covariates. Results: Moderate and high PAs showed significantly improved HRQOL related to self-care domain, euro quality of life-5 dimension index, and PHS. Interaction analysis revealed that high PAs resulted in improved HRQOL associated with self-care and pain/discomfort in cancer survivors having depression. Moreover, for low- and middle-income levels, higher PAs served to improve HRQOL associated with depression/anxiety. In contrast, higher PAs rather reduced HRQOL for the high-income group. Conclusions: To improve HRQOL, we recommend PAs higher than the moderate level for cancer survivors. In case of cancer survivors having depression or belonging to the high-income group, it is necessary to manage individual PAs considering the interaction effects.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.256-262
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• 2019

Objective : Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are often detected as incidental findings. However, the natural history remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural history and growth pattern of untreated PAs. Methods : Between 2003 and 2014, 59 PAs were managed with clinico-radiological follow up for longer than 12 months without any kind of therapeutic intervention. Tumor volumes were calculated at initial and last follow-up visit, and tumor growth during the observation period was determined. Data were analyzed according to clinical and imaging characteristics. Results : The mean initial and last tumor volume and diameter were $1.83{\pm}2.97mL$ and $13.77{\pm}6.45mm$, $2.85{\pm}4.47mL$ and $15.75{\pm}8.08mm$, respectively. The mean annual tumor growth rate was $0.33{\pm}0.68mL/year$ during a mean observation period of $46.8{\pm}32.1months$. Sixteen (27%) PAs showed tumor growth. The initial tumor size (HR, 1.140; 95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.295; p=0.045) was the independent predictive factor that determined the tumor growth. Six patients (11%) of 56 conservatively managed non-symptomatic PAs underwent resection for aggravating visual symptoms with mean interval of 34.5 months from diagnosis. By Cox regression analysis, PAs of last longest diameter over 21.75 mm were a significant prognostic factor for eventual treatment. Conclusion : The initial tumor size of PAs was independently associated with the tumor growth. Six patients (11%) of conservatively managed PAs were likely to be treated eventually. PAs of last follow-up longest diameter over 21.75 mm were a significant prognostic factor for treatment. Further studies with a large series are required to determine treatment strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.856-863
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• 2000

상압 소결법과 통전활성 소결(Plasma Activated Sintering; PAS)법으로 120$0^{\circ}C$부터 150$0^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 제조된 지르코니아의 기계적 특성을 ring on ring disk 굽힘시험으로 비교하여 고찰하였다. 모든 소결온도범위에서 PAS법으로 제조된 소결체의 밀도와 경도는 상압 소결법에 의해 제조된 소결체 보다 높게 나타났다. 결정립의 크기는 두 소결법에 의해 제조된 소결체 모두에서 소결온도 증가에 따라 증가하였으나, PAS법으로 제조된 소결체가 상압 소결법으로 제조된 소결체 보다는 결정립 성장이 억제되었다. 파괴인성은 PAS법으로 제조된 소결체의 경우 130$0^{\circ}C$에서 최고값을 나타낸 후 소결온도 증가에 따라 미세하게 감소하였으며, 상압 소결법으로 제조된 소결체의 경우 소결온도 증가에 따라 증가되었다. 소결체의 상분율 변화는 PAS법으로 제조된 경우 전 온도범위 (1200~150$0^{\circ}C$)에서 정방정상만 관찰되었으며, 상압 소결법의 경우 단사정상과 정방정상의 혼합상을 나타내었고, 소결온도 증가에 따라 정방정상의 비율이 증가하였다. 결과적으로 PAS법의 경우 지르코니아의 최적 소결온도는 130$0^{\circ}C$이며, 상압 소결법의 경우 150$0^{\circ}C$임을 알 수 있었으며, 소결체의 파괴인성에 미치는 영향은 결정립 크기 및 정방정상의 분율임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

The protein of the bovine, horse and dog erythrocyte membrane were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and their relation to the sedimentation rate of animal erythrocytes were investigated by treating the erythrocytes with proteinases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin. Protein content in erythrocyte membrane was in human, in Jindo dog, in cattle and in horse, showing similar in among. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates bovine erythrocytes from Hostein and Korean native cattle were very slow compared with the human one(1/7 as slow as the human one) as reported previously. Although the general protein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, bovine erythrocyte membranes showed one additional protein band, called band Q in this study, which migrated electrophoretically to the mid-position between band 2 and band 3 in human erythrocyte membranes. The erythrocyte sedimentation of race horse were very fast compared with the human one are reported previously. Although the general protein profiles of the race horse erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, band 3 content was showing higher in race horse(34.7%) than in human(25.3%). The general protein profile of the Jindo dog erythrocyte membrane was almost similar to the human patterns, Jindo dog erythrocyte membranes showed one absent protein band. It was band 7. The glycoprotein profiles of the bovine erythrocyte membranes revealed by periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) stain showed a marked difference from that of human. The PAS-1(glycophorin) and PAS-2(sialoglycoprotein) present in human erythrocyte membrane were almost absent from the bovine erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-positive band near the origin of the electraphorograms, which is named as PAS-B in this study. The PAS-1 and PAS-2 present in human erythrocyte membrane were almost absent from race horse erythrocyte membranes, but PAS-2 was more in only race horse from that of human. The PAS-1 and PAS-2 were absolutely absent from the Jindo dog erythrocyte membrane. These results suggest the slow sedimentation rate of bovine erythrocytes is due in part to the presence of band Q protein fraction and PAS-B glycoprotein in the bovine erythrocytes, and that the fast sedimentation rate of race horse erythrocyte is due in part to the presence of more band 3 protein fraction and PAS-E glycoproteins in the race horse erythrocytes.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.146.1-146
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• 2001

The researches of science and engineering need the latest information from internet resources. But searching and filtering processes of appropriate web documents from huge internet resources are very complex as well as having some repeated procedures. In this paper, I propose a Personalized Agent System(PAS), which can filter World Wide Web Documents that the user is interested, such as papers. To do this, PAS uses a modified spreading activation neural network which 1 propose here. PAS observes the user´s local paper database to analyze, adapt and learn the user interests, and the then constructs the user-specified neural network model by the analyzed interests ...

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2017

To improve and downsize the KIOM-Pulse Analysis System(KIOM-PAS), which has been traditionally used in clinical trials, a miniaturized PAS(M-PAS) with a pneumatic pump has been developed. M-PAS is composed of a measurement module and an arm-mounting module, on which an arm can be placed. The measurement module is equipped with a pressing component and sensor, which is a wearable wristband. The arm-mounting module includes a pneumatic motor, data acquisition board and valves. In addition, the measurement module is divided into a fixing module of band type for attachment to a pulsation site and a sensing module, which includes a sensor and a tube. The fixing module and sensing module are constructed independently, and the detachable fastening method improves the posture convenience of the subject during measurement. M-PAS has been reduced to 1/6 the size of KIOM-PAS, and the measurement time is shortened by 22%. Using a simulator, the difference between the waveforms measured by the two devices exhibited a high degree of similarity of within 3.65%. M-PAS represents improvements in size and convenience compared with KIOM-PAS, and it is expected to be widely used in clinics in the future because it improves the attachment method of the fixing module.